Your search found 6 records
1 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Opuni, S. C.; Fosu, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2013. Municipal organic waste management: challenges and opportunities in Tamale, Ghana. [Abstract only]. In Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). Delivering water, sanitation and hygiene services in an uncertain environment: preprints of the 36th WEDC International Conference, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013. Abstracts of papers. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC); Leicestershire, UK: Loughborough University. pp.72.
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Faeces ; Sanitation ; Environmental health / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046002)
(0.16 MB)
2 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Opuni, S. C.; Fosu, M.; Drechsel, Pay. 2013. Municipal organic waste management: challenges and opportunities in Tamale, Ghana. Paper presented at the 36th WEDC [Water, Engineering and Development Centre] International Conference on Delivering Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services in an Uncertain Environment, Nakuru, Kenya, 1-5 July 2013. 5p.
Waste management ; Urban wastes ; Organic wastes ; Faeces ; Sanitation ; Environmental health ; Developing countries ; Case studies ; Composts ; Nutrients ; Fertilizers / Ghana / Tamale
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046059)
(0.71 MB)
3 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Kauppinen, A.; Martikainen, K.; Pitkanen, T.; Kusnetsov, J.; Miettinen, I. T.; Pessi, M.; Poutiainen, H.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2013. Microbial reduction in wastewater treatment using Fe3+ and Al3+ coagulants and PAA disinfectant. Journal of Water and Health, 11(4):581-589. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.241]
Wastewater treatment ; Drinking water ; Microorganisms ; Campylobacter ; Salmonella ; Norovirus ; Coagulants ; Peracetic acid
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046115)
(0.59 MB)
Wastewater is an important source of pathogenic enteric microorganisms in surface water and a major contaminating agent of drinking water. Although primary and secondary wastewater treatments reduce the numbers of microorganisms in wastewater, significant numbers of microbes can still be present in the effluent. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of tertiary treatment for municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using PIX (FeCl3) or PAX (AlCl3) coagulants and peracetic acid (PAA) the disinfectant to reduce microbial load in effluent. Our study showed that both PIX and PAX efficiently reduced microbial numbers. PAA disinfection greatly reduced the numbers of culturable indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci, F-specific RNA coliphages and somatic DNA coliphages). In addition, pathogenic microorganisms, thermotolerant Campylobacter, Salmonella and norovirus GI, were successfully reduced using the tertiary treatments. In contrast, clostridia, Legionella, rotavirus, norovirus GII and adenovirus showed better resistance against PAA compared to the other microorganisms. However, interpretation of PCR analysis results will need further studies to clarify the infectivity of the pathogenic microbes. In conclusion, PIX and PAX flocculants followed by PAA disinfectant can be used as a tertiary treatment for municipal WWTP effluents to reduce the numbers of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms.
4 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Torvinen, E.; Siljanen, H. M. P.; Pessi, M.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2015. Iron flocculation stimulates biogas production in Microthrix parvicella-spiked wastewater sludge. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(9):3039-3046. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0733-6]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046768)
Municipal wastewater sludge has been used for fertiliser and biogas production for several decades. Chemical compounds such as iron and aluminium are common coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants to remove suspended solids, phosphorus and micro-organisms. This laboratory study explores whether ferric chloride (FeCl3 as PIX-111) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3 as PAX-18) flocculation could stimulate biogas production in wastewater sludge contaminated with Microthrix parvicella. In a fermentation process run in three replicates, cumulative methane production was in average about 25 % higher using the iron flocculated sludge than using the aluminium flocculated sludge; this difference was statistically significant (P\0.05) in the subsequent runs of the semi-continuous process. In all runs, the iron flocculated sludge produced less (P\0.05) hydrogen sulphide in the biogas than the aluminium flocculated sludge. The numbers of M. parvicella stayed at the similar levels throughout the process. It is concluded that biogas production is higher and more stable with iron coagulant in comparison with aluminium coagulant, presumably due to the reduced formation of hydrogen sulphide. Thus, iron coagulants seem to be better than aluminium coagulants to stimulate the methane production process. Both coagulants significantly suppressed multiplication of M. parvicella in the biogas reactor, i.e. they did not evoke foaming in this experiment.
5 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Nikiema, Josiane; Cofie, Olufunke O.; Heinonen-Tanski, H.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Fecal sludge-derived pellet fertilizer in maize cultivation. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 6(3):474-481. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.160]
Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Maize ; Sanitation ; Composting ; Organic matter ; Pathogens ; Waste treatment ; Pellets ; Cultivation ; Nutrients
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048493)
Fecal sludge (FS) contains significant amounts of plant nutrients and organic matter although it also contains pathogens. Therefore, FS can be used as fertilizer after proper sanitization. This study was designed to test dried fecal sludge (DFS)-based pellet fertilizers on maize cultivation. The DFS fertilizers were produced by composting, co-composting with sawdust, or irradiated by gamma-irradiation, and then nitrogen-enriched and pelletized using gelatinized or gamma-irradiated cassava starch. These DFS pellet fertilizers were compared to each other and to no-fertilization, mineral fertilizer, and agro-industrial waste compost. The fertilizer applications were 150 or 210 kgN/ha. Maize was cultivated in pots containing Cambisol and Ferric Lixisol growth media. The EC-SDFS-PG pellet (DFS + sawdust co-composted, enriched with nitrogen and pelletized) at a rate of 210 kgN/ha produced the highest maize yield (4.4 ton/ha) among all other treatments, while mineral fertilizer produced 3.9 ton/ha. It is concluded that the EC-SDFS-PG pellet produces similar or higher maize yields than mineral fertilizer and more than the agro-industrial compost in both growth media types.
6 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Cofie, Olufunke; Nikiema, Josiane; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2019. Fecal sludge derived products as fertilizer for lettuce cultivation in urban agriculture. Sustainability, 11(24):7101. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247101]
Faecal sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Urban agriculture ; Lettuces ; Cultivation ; Fertilization ; Soil fertility ; Greenhouse crops ; Sustainable products ; Crop yield ; Nutrients ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Composting ; Pellets ; Sludge dewatering ; Enrichment ; Hygiene ; Faecal coliforms ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Poultry manure / Ghana / Accra
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049661)
(0.27 MB) (272 KB)
Fecal sludge (FS) contains a significant amount of plant nutrients. FS (treated/untreated) has been used as soil ameliorant in several countries. Use of FS-based compost on lettuce may meet reservations due to possible microbiological contamination. The objectives of this research are: (1) To determine the fertilizer value of different formulations of sawdust and fecal sludge compost (SDFS) pellets, and (2) to compare the effect of these SDFS formulations with poultry manure, commercial compost, mineral fertilizer, and non-fertilization on lettuce cultivation. The SDFS products were made by enriching, and pelletized with ammonium sulphate, mineral-NPK, or ammonium sulphate + muriate of potash + triple superphosphate. Lettuce was cultivated in a greenhouse and an open field. The result showed that the saleable fresh weight lettuce yield obtained from all SDFS pellets with/without enrichments were higher than those obtained from commercial compost, poultry manure, mineral fertilizer, or no fertilizer. Cultivation in the open field gave higher yields than those in the greenhouse. No helminth eggs were detected in composts or lettuces. Some fecal coliforms were detected in lettuces fertilized with almost all fertilizers tested, including NPK and non-fertilized control. A properly treated fecal sludge-based fertilizer can be a sustainable solution for lettuce production, which helps urban and peri-urban agriculture.
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