Your search found 5 records
1 Horbulyk, Ted. 2016. Water policy in Canada. In Renzetti, S.; Dupont, D. P. (Eds). Water policy and governance in Canada. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.29-43.
Water policy ; Water allocation ; Water quality ; Water demand ; Water resources ; Water use ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Central government ; Best practices / Canada
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047857)
(0.17 MB)
Canada’s provincial, territorial and federal governments face key water policy decisions about the process of water allocation and the outcomes associated with alternative approaches. Water allocation refers to the systems that are used to decide which users are allowed to draw water from which sources, for which purposes, and when. Especially when water resources are under pressure from competing demands, or when water quality is threatened, it is logical to question whether the available water resources are being used in the best way possible. Water allocation policy is a multifaceted and far reaching tool with which governments can in uence the structure of the economy and quality of residents’ lives. Water allocation decisions in uence numerous uses of surface and groundwater resources, including such non-extractive uses as providing environmental, recreational and aesthetic bene ts when some of the water is left in situ . This chapter illustrates a range of speci c water policy issues and considerations that relate to water allocation, and provides an overview of current practices in each jurisdiction. A number of challenges are highlighted that will have to be addressed if society is to bene t fully from the potential gains that effective water allocation can deliver.
2 Horbulyk, Ted; Price, Joseph P. G. 2018. Pricing reforms for sustainable water use and management in Vietnam. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Resources and Markets Branch. 81p.
Sustainability ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water use ; Water management ; Water rates ; Water policy ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Investment ; Policy making ; Sanitation ; Poverty ; Wastewater ; Households ; Income ; Irrigation water ; Investment ; Financing ; Subsidies ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Ecosystem services / Southeast Asia / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048608)
(932 KB)
3 Horbulyk, Ted; Price, Joseph P. G. 2018. Pricing reforms for sustainable water use and management in the Philippines. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Resources and Markets Branch. 81p.
Sustainability ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water use ; Water management ; Water supply ; Water delivery ; Water rates ; Water pricing ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Drinking water ; Investment ; Financing ; Rural communities ; Urban population ; Regulations ; Sanitation ; Subsidies ; Poverty / Philippines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048609)
(989 KB)
4 Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Horbulyk, Ted. 2019. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater. Science of the Total Environment, 694:133767. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133767]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Groundwater ; Water use ; Drinking water ; Cooking ; Households ; Gender ; Public health ; Diabetes ; Hypertension / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049322)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719337088/pdfft?md5=b382fae99c90fac17e9317a17f42a220&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969719337088-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
(1.40 MB) (1.40 MB)
This analysis provides new estimates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence – including CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) – across ten districts most affected by CKD in Sri Lanka, including an examination of rural households' historical reliance on groundwater consumption. A carefully designed household survey provides information on whether these households self-reported having a member in the decade prior to 2018, who had been clinically diagnosed with CKD. Households were classified according to whether or not they had used groundwater (from household wells, agro-wells or springs) as their primary source for drinking or cooking for at least five years between 1999 and 2018. More than 98% of households reported having consumed groundwater as their primary source of drinking or cooking water for at least five of those years and >15% of households reported having at least one CKD-affected member in the ten-year period up to 2018, but these numbers varied across and within districts. The reported characteristics of symptomatic individuals reveal that the incidence of CKD was significantly higher among females (62%) than males (38%). In addition to CKD, about 63% of symptomatic individuals had hypertension and about one-third of them also had diabetes. About 33% of the symptomatic individuals had neither diabetes nor hypertension, where this group most closely fits commonly used definitions of CKDu. With a survey response of over 8000 households comprising as many as 30,000 individuals, these data illustrate the scale of CKD in the most-affected districts of Sri Lanka on an aggregate basis as well as revealing differences across districts and at the sub-district level.
5 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David; Horbulyk, Ted; Kafle, Kashi. 2020. Chronic kidney disease and household behaviors in Sri Lanka: historical choices of drinking water and agrochemical use. Economics and Human Biology, 37:100862. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100862]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Drinking water treatment ; Groundwater ; Public health ; Risk factors ; Households ; Behaviour ; Agricultural practices ; Agrochemicals ; Farmland ; Water supply ; Wells ; Water purification ; Reverse osmosis ; Socioeconomic environment ; Rural areas ; Models / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049541)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X19302576/pdfft?md5=493e1025b9a9e466cbbde1bcad6be90c&pid=1-s2.0-S1570677X19302576-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049541.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049541.pdf
(1.37 MB) (1.37 MB)
This paper examines whether there are systematic differences in the historical behaviors of households that are affected and unaffected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sri Lanka pertaining to their water source choices, water treatment practices, and agrochemical use. This analysis is motivated by the Sri Lankan government’s largest policy response to this epidemic – to encourage communities to switch from untreated well water to publicly provided alternatives. We use recall methods to elicit information on the drinking water source and treatment choices of households over an 18-year period from 2000– 2017. Our analysis is based on a survey of 1497 rural ground-water dependent households in the most CKD-affected areas of the 10 districts of Sri Lanka with the highest prevalence of CKD. Our main findings are that (a) households that have ever used a pump to extract (typically deep) drinking water from a household well are more likely to be affected by CKD; (b) we fail to find a relationship between disease status and households’ use of buckets to extract (typically shallow) groundwater from their wells; and (c) those who have ever treated their shallow well water by boiling it are less likely to be affected by CKD. We also find that a greater share of CKD affected households historically used agrochemicals, used wells that were geographically removed from surface water sources, and displayed lower proxies of wealth. The implications of these findings are fourfold. First, since the systematic differences in the historical patterns of water sources and treatments used by CKD affected and non-affected households are modest, the sources of water and the treatment practices themselves may not be the sole risk factors in developing CKD. Second, although we find a negative association between boiling water and the probability of CKD, it is not obvious that a public policy campaign to promote boiling water is an appropriate response. Third, the hydrochemistry of deep and shallow well water needs to be better understood in order to shed light on the positive relationship between deep well water and disease status, and on why boiling shallow but not deep well water is associated with a lower probability of CKD. Fourth, there is a need for a deeper understanding of other risk factors and of the efficacy of preventative programs that provide alternative sources of household drinking water.
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