Your search found 5 records
1 Wada, Y.; Florke, M.; Hanasaki, N.; Eisner, S.; Fischer, G.; Tramberend, S.; Satoh, Y.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Yillia, P.; Ringler, C.; Burek, P.; Wiberg, D. 2016. Modeling global water use for the 21st century: the Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative and its approaches. Geoscientific Model Development, 9:175-222.
Water use ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Water scarcity ; Food production ; Models ; Socioeconomic environment ; Agriculture ; Livestock ; Irrigation water ; Domestic water ; Irrigated land ; Energy generation ; Electricity generation ; Environmental flows ; Secondary sector
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047861)
http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/175/2016/gmd-9-175-2016.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047861.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047861.pdf
To sustain growing food demand and increasing standard of living, global water use increased by nearly 6 times during the last 100 years, and continues to grow. As water demands get closer and closer to the water availability in many regions, each drop of water becomes increasingly valuable and water must be managed more efficiently and intensively. However, soaring water use worsens water scarcity conditions already prevalent in semi-arid and arid regions, increasing uncertainty for sustainable food production and economic development. Planning for future development and investments requires that we prepare water projections for the future. However, estimations are complicated because the future of the world's waters will be influenced by a combination of environmental, social, economic, and political factors, and there is only limited knowledge and data available about freshwater resources and how they are being used. The Water Futures and Solutions (WFaS) initiative coordinates its work with other ongoing scenario efforts for the sake of establishing a consistent set of new global water scenarios based on the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). The WFaS "fast-track" assessment uses three global water models, namely H08, PCR-GLOBWB, and WaterGAP. This study assesses the state of the art for estimating and projecting water use regionally and globally in a consistent manner. It provides an overview of different approaches, the uncertainty, strengths and weaknesses of the various estimation methods, types of management and policy decisions for which the current estimation methods are useful. We also discuss additional information most needed to be able to improve water use estimates and be able to assess a greater range of management options across the water–energy–climate nexus.
2 van Vliet, M. T. H.; Wiberg, D.; Leduc, S.; Riahi, K. 2016. Power-generation system vulnerability and adaptation to changes in climate and water resources. Nature Climate Change, 6(1):375-381. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2903]
Energy generation ; Energy demand ; Electricity generation ; Climate change adaptation ; Water resources ; Water power ; Water security ; Thermal energy ; Refrigeration equipment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047927)
Hydropower and thermoelectric power together contribute 98% of the world’s electricity generation at present. These power-generating technologies both strongly depend on water availability, and water temperature for cooling also plays a critical role for thermoelectric power generation. Climate change and resulting changes in water resources will therefore affect power generation while energy demands continue to increase with economic development and a growing world population. Here we present a global assessment of the vulnerability of the world’s current hydropower and thermoelectric power-generation system to changing climate and water resources, and test adaptation options for sustainable water–energy security during the twenty-first century. Using a coupled hydrological–electricity modelling framework with data on 24,515 hydropower and 1,427 thermoelectric power plants, we show reductions in usable capacity for 61–74% of the hydropower plants and 81–86% of the thermoelectric power plants worldwide for 2040–2069. However, adaptation options such as increased plant efficiencies, replacement of cooling system types and fuel switches are effective alternatives to reduce the assessed vulnerability to changing climate and freshwater resources. Transitions in the electricity sector with a stronger focus on adaptation, in addition to mitigation, are thus highly recommended to sustain water–energy security in the coming decades.
3 van Vliet, M. T. H.; Sheffield, J.; Wiberg, D.; Wood, E. F. 2016. Impacts of recent drought and warm years on water resources and electricity supply worldwide. Environmental Research Letters, 11:1-10. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124021]
Water resources ; Drought ; Electricity generation ; Electricity supplies ; Thermal energy ; Water power ; Drought ; Temperature ; Water temperature ; Stream flow
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048083)
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/124021/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048083.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048083.pdf
(4.00 MB) (4.00 MB)
Recent droughts and heatwaves showed the vulnerability of the electricity sector to surface water constraints with reduced potentials for thermoelectric power and hydropower generation in different regions. Here we use a global hydrological-electricity modelling framework to quantify the impacts of recent drought and warm years on hydropower and thermoelectric power usable capacity worldwide. Our coupled modelling framework consists of a hydrological model, stream temperature model, hydropower and thermoelectric power models, and was applied with data of a large selection of hydropower and thermoelectric power plants worldwide. Our results show that hydropower utilisation rates were on average reduced by 5.2% and thermoelectric power by 3.8% during the drought years compared to the long-term average for 1981–2010. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) impacts on both hydropower and thermoelectric power usable capacity were found during major drought years, e.g. 2003 in Europe (-6.6% in hydropower and -4.7% in thermoelectric power) and 2007 in Eastern North America (-6.1% in hydropower and -9.0% in thermoelectric power). Our hydrological-electricity modelling framework has potential for studying the linkages between water and electricity supply under climate variability and change, contributing to the quantification of the 'water-energy nexus'.
4 Jamwal, P.; Brown, R.; Kookana, R.; Drechsel, Pay; McDonald, R.; Vorosmarty, C. J.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Bhaduri, A. 2019. The future of urban clean water and sanitation. One Earth, 1(1):10-12. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.010]
Water quality ; Sanitation ; Urban areas ; Drinking water ; Water management ; Technology ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Population growth ; Informal settlements
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049378)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2590-3322%2819%2930016-8
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049378.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049378.pdf
(0.69 MB) (700 KB)
Billions of people currently lack clean water and sanitation. By 2050 the global population will have grown to nearly 10 billion, over two-thirds of whom will live in urban areas. This Voices asks: what are the research and water-management priorities to ensure clean water and sanitation in the world’s cities?
5 Droppers, B.; Supit, I.; Leemans, R.; van Vliet, M. T. H.; Ludwig, F. 2022. Limits to management adaptation for the Indus’ irrigated agriculture. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 321:108971. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108971]
Irrigated farming ; Climate change mitigation ; Sustainability ; Agricultural production ; Food security ; Water availability ; Groundwater depletion ; Water demand ; Water use ; Stream flow ; Precipitation ; Agricultural productivity ; Wheat ; Rice ; Models / Pakistan / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051109)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192322001617/pdfft?md5=3b54b600c5bce5926d91c12c42ab22ac&pid=1-s2.0-S0168192322001617-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051109.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051109.pdf
(2.19 MB) (2.19 MB)
Future irrigated agriculture will be strongly affected by climate change and agricultural management. However, the extent that agricultural management adaptation can counterbalance negative climate-change impacts and achieve sustainable agricultural production remains poorly quantified. Such quantification is especially important for the Indus basin, as irrigated agriculture is essential for its food security and will be highly affected by increasing temperatures and changing water availability. Our study quantified these effects for several climate-change mitigation scenarios and agricultural management-adaptation strategies using the state-of-the-art VIC-WOFOST hydrology–crop model. Our results show that by the 2030s, management adaptation through improved nutrient availability and constrained irrigation will be sufficient to achieve sustainable and increased agricultural production. However, by the 2080s agricultural productivity will strongly depend on worldwide climate-change mitigation efforts. Especially under limited climate-change mitigation, management adaptation will be insufficient to compensate the severe production losses due to heat stress. Our study clearly indicates the limits to management adaptation in the Indus basin, and only further adaptation or strong worldwide climate-change mitigation will secure the Indus’ food productivity.
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