Your search found 8 records
1 WHO. 2003. Emerging issues in water and infectious diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 22p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 616.071 G000 WHO Record No: H040531)
2 Athuraliya, N. T. C.; Abeysekera, T. D. J.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie.; Kumarasiri, R.; Bandara, P.; Karunaratne , U.; Milton, A. H.; Jones, A. L. 2011. Uncertain etiologies of proteinuric-chronic kidney disease in rural Sri Lanka. Kidney International, 80(11):1212-1221. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.258]
Public health ; Kidney diseases ; Rural areas ; Proteinuria ; Aetiology ; Risks ; Models ; Surveys ; Wastewater ; Contamination ; Water pollution / Sri Lanka / North Central Province / Central Province / Southern Province / Medawachchiya / Yatinuwara / Hambantota
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044372)
(0.44 MB)
The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of uncertain etiology may be underreported. Communitylevel epidemiological studies are few due to the lack of national registries and poor focus on the reporting of noncommunicable diseases. Here we describe the prevalence of proteinuric-CKD and disease characteristics of three rural populations in the North Central, Central, and Southern Provinces of Sri Lanka. Patients were selected using the random cluster sampling method and those older than 19 years of age were screened for persistent dipstick proteinuria. The prevalence of proteinuric-CKD in the Medawachchiya region (North Central) was 130 of 2600 patients, 68 of 709 patients in the Yatinuwara region (Central), and 66 of 2844 patients in the Hambantota region (Southern). The mean ages of these patients with CKD ranged from 44 to 52 years. Diabetes and long-standing hypertension were the main risk factors of CKD in the Yatinuwara and Hambantota regions. Age, exceeding 60 years, and farming were strongly associated with proteinuric-CKD in the Medawachchiya region; however, major risk factors were uncertain in 87% of these patients. Of these patients, 26 underwent renal biopsy; histology indicated tubulointerstitial disease. Thus, proteinuric-CKD of uncertain etiology is prevalent in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. In contrast, known risk factors were associated with CKD in the Central and Southern Provinces.
3 Noble, Andrew; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Manthrithilake, Herath; Arasalingam, Sutharsiny. 2014. Review of literature on chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 41p. (IWMI Working Paper 158) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2014.206]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Water quality ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Contamination ; Arsenic ; Toxicity ; Cadmium ; Phosphates ; Fluorides ; Aluminium ; Agrochemicals ; Health hazards ; Food chains ; Farmers ; Wells ; Literature ; Research / Sri Lanka / Medawachchiya / Anuradhapura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046435)
(679.55 KB)
This manuscript undertakes a review of current published information (peer-reviewed and grey literature) on Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. It attempts to provide an overview of the possible environmentally-induced causal factors that have been implicated in the development of the disease, and identifies the gaps in research and recommends potential areas for future research. The review specifically captures the potential role that agriculture and water resources may play as causal factors in the development of the disease, and calls for a systematic approach and stresses the need for an integrated multi-disciplinary research effort to address the problem.
4 De Silva, P. C. J.; Senanayake, M. S.; Samarakoon, S. M. A. 2015. Socio economic impact of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institute (HARTI). 45p. (HARTI Research Report 185)
Socioeconomic environment ; Economic impact ; Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Households ; Income ; Agricultural production ; Villages ; Living standards ; Drinking water ; Water quality / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Trincomalee / Moneragala / Medirigiriya / Madawachchiya / Padavi Sripura / Buttala / Thanamalwila
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 616.61 G744 SIL Record No: H047517)
5 Samad, Madar; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Royo-Olid, J.; Arulingam, Indika. 2017. The political and institutional context of the water sector in Sri Lanka: an overview. Luxembourg, Europe: European Union. 92p.
Water resources ; Political aspects ; Corporate culture ; Macroeconomics ; Local government ; Economic aspects ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Water power ; Water policy ; Water budget ; Food production ; Sanitation ; Chronic course ; Kidney diseases ; Aetiology ; Environmental management ; Legal aspects ; Financial institutions ; Public investment ; State intervention ; Public administration ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Government departments ; European Union / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048221)
(2.37 MB)
6 Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya; Horbulyk, Ted. 2019. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: a profile of affected districts reliant on groundwater. Science of the Total Environment, 694:133767. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133767]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Groundwater ; Water use ; Drinking water ; Cooking ; Households ; Gender ; Public health ; Diabetes ; Hypertension / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049322)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719337088/pdfft?md5=b382fae99c90fac17e9317a17f42a220&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969719337088-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049322.pdf
(1.40 MB) (1.40 MB)
This analysis provides new estimates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence – including CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) – across ten districts most affected by CKD in Sri Lanka, including an examination of rural households' historical reliance on groundwater consumption. A carefully designed household survey provides information on whether these households self-reported having a member in the decade prior to 2018, who had been clinically diagnosed with CKD. Households were classified according to whether or not they had used groundwater (from household wells, agro-wells or springs) as their primary source for drinking or cooking for at least five years between 1999 and 2018. More than 98% of households reported having consumed groundwater as their primary source of drinking or cooking water for at least five of those years and >15% of households reported having at least one CKD-affected member in the ten-year period up to 2018, but these numbers varied across and within districts. The reported characteristics of symptomatic individuals reveal that the incidence of CKD was significantly higher among females (62%) than males (38%). In addition to CKD, about 63% of symptomatic individuals had hypertension and about one-third of them also had diabetes. About 33% of the symptomatic individuals had neither diabetes nor hypertension, where this group most closely fits commonly used definitions of CKDu. With a survey response of over 8000 households comprising as many as 30,000 individuals, these data illustrate the scale of CKD in the most-affected districts of Sri Lanka on an aggregate basis as well as revealing differences across districts and at the sub-district level.
7 Horbulyk, Theodore; Kafle, Kashi; Balasubramanya, Soumya. 2021. Community response to the provision of alternative water supplies: a focus on chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) in rural Sri Lanka. Water International, 46(1):37-58. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1868124]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Water use ; Reverse osmosis ; Rainwater ; Wells ; Rural communities ; Households ; Risk assessment ; Safety ; Decision making ; Villages ; Institutions ; Nongovernmental organizations / Sri Lanka / Mullaitivu / Vavuniya / Trincomalee / Anuradhapura / Polonnaruwa / Kurunegala / Matale / Ampara / Badulla / Monaragala
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050264)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2020.1868124?needAccess=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050264.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050264.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
Until recently, households in the most chronic kidney disease-affected rural areas of Sri Lanka used untreated groundwater for drinking and cooking, but, by 2018, that share was only 35%. About 50% of households consume water treated by reverse osmosis; others rely on piped water, water delivery by tanker and rainwater harvesting. Based on a new and representative survey of 1500 households, households’ propensities to treat drinking water and adopt improved water sources are shown to be associated with their perceptions of water safety and trust in the institutions that provide alternatives to untreated well water.
8 Imbulana, S; Oguma, K. 2021. Groundwater as a potential cause of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka: a review. Journal of Water and Health, 19(3):393-410. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2021.079]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Aetiology ; Groundwater ; Risk factors ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Fluorides ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Water hardness ; Cations ; Wells ; Agrochemicals ; Organic matter ; Arid zones ; Communities / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050453)
https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/19/3/393/902741/jwh0190393.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050453.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050453.pdf
(0.39 MB) (396 KB)
The cause of Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in the rural dry zone of Sri Lanka remains unidentified, despite vast research efforts that brought about an extensive list of potential risk factors. Among these, the long-term exposure to various nephrotoxic elements through drinking groundwater was widely suspected owing to the unique geographical distribution of the disease. This review focuses on such well-known hypotheses suspecting the relations with fluoride, hardness, major ions, heavy metals, metalloids, organic matter, agrochemical residues, pathogens, and bacterial toxins in the groundwaters of the CKDu-endemic region. It was comprehensively discussed why each of these constituents was considered a risk factor of CKDu, how could they possibly trigger the pathogenesis of the disease, what was the evidence that supported or failed each hypothesis, and whether providing safe drinking water had been effective at mitigating the progression of the disease. Although plenty of circumstantial evidence supported an etiology related to groundwater for CKDu, it was impossible to elucidate the cause–effect relationships between drinking impaired groundwater and the occurrence of the disease. Future research should be effectively designed to clarify the role of groundwater in the onset of CKDu by taking into account the gaps in past research.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
