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1 Meena, R. P.; Karnam, V.; Tripathi, S. C.; Jha, A.; Sharma, R. K.; Singh, G. P. 2019. Irrigation management strategies in wheat for efficient water use in the regions of depleting water resources. Agricultural Water Management, 214:38-46. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.001]
Irrigation management ; Strategies ; Water resources ; Water depletion ; Water use efficiency ; Irrigation water ; Wheat ; Crop yield ; Water productivity ; Water deficit ; Climatic data / India / Haryana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049170)
(0.36 MB)
Wheat is the second most important food crop in India and world. One of the major difficulties faced in the wheat growing regions is the depletion of water resources at an alarming rate. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the use of the reduced amount of irrigation water would maintain the grain yield of popular Indian wheat variety HD2967. Water use, crop yield and water use efficiency of wheat were evaluated for three consecutive years under thirteen different irrigation treatments. Highest yield (5372.4 kgha-1 ) was recorded when crop was irrigated with full irrigation (60 mm of water at all five critical crop growth stages); which were statistically at par to yields recorded under 25% deficit irrigation (45 mm) at all growth stages. The treatment with 50% irrigation (30 mm) at all five growth stages although saved 50% water, yield penalty was also significant (4788.1 kgha-1 = 10.9% loss). Treatments with normal recommended practice (60 mm) have achieved lower water use efficiency (WUE) values (1.88 kg m-3) whereas, 25% deficit irrigation i.e. 45 mm at all five stages recorded significantly higher WUE (2.23 kgm-3) in sandy loam soils. The treatment where a total of 750 m3 water was saved per hectare was the most remunerative option in addition to saving of cost on water, electricity and labour. Adoption of 45 mm irrigation at all crop growth stages can enhance both irrigation water use efficiency without any yield penalty and can be adopted as a water saving mechanism in the regions of depleting water resources.
2 Meena, R. P.; Karnam, V.; Sujatha, H. T.; Tripathi, S. C.; Singh, G. 2023. Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: a review. Irrigation and Drainage, 24p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2891]
Microirrigation ; Trickle irrigation ; Irrigation scheduling ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation methods ; Conservation agriculture ; Water productivity ; Water use efficiency ; Water scarcity ; Water resources ; Crop management ; Crop production ; Cropping systems ; Crop yield ; Water conservation ; Water footprint ; Evaporation ; Soil moisture / Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052267)
(1.81 MB)
The global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.
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