Your search found 11 records
1 Simmons, Robert; Pongsakul, P.; Chaney, R. L.; Saiyasitpanich, D.; Klinphoklap, S.; Nobuntou, W. 2003. The relative exclusion of zinc and iron from rice grain in relation to rice grain cadmium as compared to soybean: Implications for human health. Plant and Soil, 257:163-170.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 633.18 G750 SIM Record No: H039374)
2 Dissanayake, Priyanka; Clemett, Alexandra; Jayakody, Priyantha; Amerasinghe, Priyanie. 2007. Report on water quality survey and pollution in Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. Unpublished project report produced as part of the Wastewater Agriculture and Sanitation For Poverty Alleviation in Asia (WASPA Asia) 32p. + annexes. (WASPA Asia Project Report 6)
Water resources ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Electrical conductivity ; Ph ; Nitrogen ; Iron ; Boron ; Heavy metals ; Coliform bacteria / Sri Lanka / Kurunegala / Wan Ela / Beu Ela
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.6 G744 DIS Record No: H041013)
(0.57 MB)
This project is funded by the European Commission under its Asia Pro Eco II Program. It is undertaken by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Sri Lanka; COSI, Sri Lanka; the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC), the Netherlands; NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Bangladesh; and the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Sweden. The project pilot cities are Rajshahi City in Bangladesh and Kurunegala City in Sri Lanka.
3 Karunaratne, A. M.; Amerasinghe, Priyanie H.; Ramanujam, V. M. S.; Sandstead, H. H.; Perera, P. A. J. 2008. Zinc, iron and phytic acid levels of some popular foods consumed by rural children in Sri Lanka. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 21: 481-488.
Food consumption ; Cereals ; Rice ; Zinc ; Iron ; Phytic acid ; Bioavailability ; Drinking water / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 613.2 G744 KAR Record No: H041401)
Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) deficiencies may prevail in populations dependent on cereal-based diets containing few animal products. The contribution of Zn and Fe from foods of preschool children of a hill country village in Sri Lanka, is discussed as it is known that the presence of phytic acid (PA) in the diet limits bioavailability of micronutrients. The Zn, Fe and PA contents of cereal-based (rice or wheat flour) composite meals (n ¼ 12), wheat flour-based products (n ¼ 5), pulses used as staples, snacks or accompaniments (n ¼ 6) and other miscellaneous accompaniments (n ¼ 4) were determined. Additionally, 20 rice and 3 paddy varieties consumed were also analysed. Although the Zn and Fe levels were reasonable in the composite meals, the PA to Zn molar ratios (5–43) were relatively high, in a majority of meals. Composite meals containing wheat flour (refined) had lower PA levels (o6 mg/ 100 g) in the absence of pulses and scraped coconut, than rice meals. All rice varieties were partially polished but the A to Zn molar ratios varied. The major contributors of PA appeared to be soy-textured vegetable protein, all types of jak fruit and scraped coconut kernel. Potable water was a poor source of Zn and Fe. These diets could potentially lead to marginal Zn and Fe deficiencies, and dietary diversification and counselling would be beneficial.
4 Pradhan, Surendra K.; Torvinen, E.; Siljanen, H. M. P.; Pessi, M.; Heinonen-Tanski, H. 2015. Iron flocculation stimulates biogas production in Microthrix parvicella-spiked wastewater sludge. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12(9):3039-3046. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0733-6]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046768)
Municipal wastewater sludge has been used for fertiliser and biogas production for several decades. Chemical compounds such as iron and aluminium are common coagulants used in wastewater treatment plants to remove suspended solids, phosphorus and micro-organisms. This laboratory study explores whether ferric chloride (FeCl3 as PIX-111) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3 as PAX-18) flocculation could stimulate biogas production in wastewater sludge contaminated with Microthrix parvicella. In a fermentation process run in three replicates, cumulative methane production was in average about 25 % higher using the iron flocculated sludge than using the aluminium flocculated sludge; this difference was statistically significant (P\0.05) in the subsequent runs of the semi-continuous process. In all runs, the iron flocculated sludge produced less (P\0.05) hydrogen sulphide in the biogas than the aluminium flocculated sludge. The numbers of M. parvicella stayed at the similar levels throughout the process. It is concluded that biogas production is higher and more stable with iron coagulant in comparison with aluminium coagulant, presumably due to the reduced formation of hydrogen sulphide. Thus, iron coagulants seem to be better than aluminium coagulants to stimulate the methane production process. Both coagulants significantly suppressed multiplication of M. parvicella in the biogas reactor, i.e. they did not evoke foaming in this experiment.
5 Natarajan, Rajmohan; Amarasinghe, Upali A. 2016. Groundwater quality issues and management in Ramganga Sub-Basin. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(12):1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5833-9]
Groundwater management ; Water quality ; River basins ; Tributaries ; Drinking water ; Arsenic ; Nitrates ; Iron ; Salinity ; Fluorides ; Sulphates ; Contamination ; Aquifers ; Manual pumps ; Sanitation ; Sewage ; Wastewater / India / Uttar Pradesh / Uttarakhand / Ramganga Sub-Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047597)
Groundwater quality receives increasing attention in water management in India. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the emerging issues of groundwater quality in the Ramganga Sub-Basin (RSB), a tributary joining the Ganga River from the northern plains, which extends over 30,839 Sq. km and covers 15 districts in both Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. The groundwater in most of the districts of the RSB has high concentration of nitrate, iron, salinity and fluoride, which exceed the standards prescribed for drinking water by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). Arsenic contamination in groundwater is an emerging issue in few groundwater development blocks. Moreover, groundwater with substantial hardness, high sulfate, and high manganese is emerging issue in some districts. Additionally, shallow aquifers have high concentration of ions. In the RSB, the quality of groundwater, especially in the shallow aquifers, is influenced by the contamination of poor quality surface water, due mainly to poor sanitation, improper disposable of domestic sewage water, manures and irrigation return flows. To reduce deterioration of water quality further, the RSB requires proper sanitation facilities, efficient usage of agrochemicals, as well as an awareness program of water-related disease.
6 Brindha, Karthikeyan; Pavelic, Paul; Sotoukee, Touleelor; Douangsavanh, Somphasith; Elango, L. 2017. Geochemical characteristics and groundwater quality in the Vientiane Plain, Laos. Exposure and Health, 9(2):89-104. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0224-8]
Geology ; Chemical composition ; Toxicity ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Water level ; Drinking water ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Aquifers ; Plains ; Heavy metals ; Pollutants ; Iron ; Arsenic ; Copper ; Zinc ; Mercury ; Health hazards / Lao People's Democratic Republic / Vientiane Plain
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047651)
Groundwater from the shallow aquifers of the Vientiane Plain, Laos is used for domestic needs including to some extent for drinking and for household gardening. The objective of this study is to assess the groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation activities and to determine the processes that lead to the presence of major ions in groundwater. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from a village on the Plain in December 2014, January 2015, and May 2015, and analysed for major ions and selected suite of minor ions and heavy metals. Groundwater is largely acidic, fresh and soft in nature. Geochemistry showed dominant Ca–Mg–HCO3 and mixed Ca–Na–HCO3 groundwater. Sodium impacts the suitability of water for irrigation to some extent. Hydrogeochemical processes identified and verified through factor analysis indicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, ion exchange, and anthropogenic sources including salinisation, due to irrigation and use of fertilizers as sources for the occurrence of major ions at such concentrations in this area. Only concentrations of lead and iron were above the permissible limits with arsenic, copper, zinc, mercury, and uranium found to be within safe limits. Background sample (groundwater) collected 5 km from the study area and the bottled water sample were all within suitable limits for drinking. This study is the first to provide a local-level assessment of geochemical processes in groundwater of this area indicating that the groundwater does not pose any threat to human health if used for drinking based on major ions, minor ions and a suite heavy metals except for iron and lead.
7 Khadse, G. K.; Patni, P. M.; Labhasetwar, P. K. 2015. Removal of iron and manganese from drinking water supply. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 1(2):157-165. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-015-0017-4]
Drinking water ; Waste water treatment plants ; Water supply ; Water quality ; Iron ; Manganese ; Filtration ; Maintenance ; Odour abatement ; Chlorine ; Potassium permanganate ; Chemicophysical properties ; pH ; Lakes / India / Nagpur / Hingna / Ambazari Lake
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047973)
(0.62 MB)
The water treatment plant at the Hingna industrial area receives raw water from Ambazari Lake and supplies drinking water to industrial area, after conventional treatment. The treated water was found to have a pungent odour and yellow colour, which in turn changed from a brown to black precipitate. The water becomes aesthetically unacceptable to consumers. It was observed that a blackish precipitate formation was due to the presence of iron and manganese in lake water, which was not completely removed during treatment. To remove iron and manganese from drinking water, treatment studies were carried out with chlorine and KMnO4 as oxidants. Alum and lime were added for coagulation and pH correction. Jar test studies revealed that treatment with potassium permanganate at pH 7.7–8.0 was effective in the removal of iron, manganese and organics, which were responsible for causing colour and odour to water. The studies helped in improvements in water quality for safe drinking water supply.
8 Muniruzzaman, I. K.; Mirza, S.; Islam, K.; Koli, K. 2017. Taking a multidimensional approach to small town water supply: the case of Paikgachha [Bangladesh] Water Alternatives, 10(2):562-577.
Water supply ; Drinking water ; Groundwater ; Salinity ; Iron ; Arsenic ; Cost recovery ; Climate change ; Coastal area ; Case studies / Bangladesh / Khulna District / Paikgachha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048172)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol10/v10issue2/370-a10-2-20/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048172.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048172.pdf
(963 KB)
Ensuring access to safe drinking water in climate-vulnerable southwest Bangladesh is a growing challenge. People living in the coastal municipality town of Paikgachha in Khulna District are suffering from an acute crisis of drinking water due to contamination of groundwater by salinity, iron and arsenic. WaterAid Bangladesh piloted a piped water supply model with a progressive tariff approach that brings residents, especially the poor, safe and affordable water, while ensuring financial sustainability of the model. This paper discusses how the multidimensional approach underlying the development of the piped water system successfully addressed the social and institutional dimensions of water supply in a context involving multiple stressors. The initiative has demonstrated that sustainable service with full cost recovery is possible while addressing equity issues in the challenging circumstances of Bangladesh’s coast.
9 Haroon, B.; Ping, A.; Pervez, A.; Faridullah; Irshad, M. 2019. Characterization of heavy metal in soils as affected by long-term irrigation with industrial wastewater. Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination, 9(1):47-56. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2018.008]
Wastewater irrigation ; Industrial wastewater ; Irrigated soils ; Heavy metals ; Contamination ; Lead ; Nickel ; Manganese ; Copper ; Cadmium ; Iron ; Zinc ; Soil properties ; Fractionation ; Farmers / Pakistan / Hattar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049121)
https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/article-pdf/9/1/47/522943/jwrd0090047.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049121.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049121.pdf
(0.21 MB) (216 KB)
Investigation of heavy metals (HM) fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater (WW) would ascertain their bioavailability and contamination level in soils. This study investigated HM fractions in soils after long-term WW irrigation. WW irrigation profoundly affected HM fractions in soil. The ranges of HM concentrations in soils irrigated with WW were apparently wide. All fractions were significantly higher in the fields irrigated with industrial WW than rain-fed fields. HM concentrations varied in the soils as Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Fe > Cd > Mn after WW irrigation. In rainfed fields, HM concentrations differed in soils as Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni. The HM fractions were dominant in the residual form followed by oxides bound and carbonate associated fractions in WW-irrigated soils. Lower contents of HM in the soil were obtained in the exchangeable fraction. WW irrigation resulted in the transformation of HM into different fractions as residual > oxide associated > carbonate associated > organically bound > exchangeable form. Repeated WW irrigation increased pH values of the soils. The higher EC of soil indicated an accumulation of salts in the soils due to WW irrigation. Mitigation of HM contamination in Hattar industrial effluent is required before irrigation.
10 McArthur, J. M. 2018. Arsenic in groundwater. In Sikdar, P. K. (Ed.). Groundwater development and management: issues and challenges in South Asia. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; New Delhi, India: Capital Publishing Company. pp.279-308. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75115-3_12]
Groundwater ; Arsenic ; Contamination ; Water pollution ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Toxicity ; Aquifers ; Sediment ; Wells ; Pumping ; Anthropogenic factors ; Iron ; Population ; Public health ; Models / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / Bengal Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049268)
(1.38 MB)
11 Chakraborty, T. K; Ghosh, G. C.; Ghosh, P.; Jahan, I.; Zaman, S.; Islam, Md. S.; Hossain, Md. R.; Habib, A.; Biswas, B.; Sultana, N.; Khan, A. S. 2022. Arsenic, iron, and manganese in groundwater and its associated human health risk assessment in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Journal of Water and Health, 20(6):888-902. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2022.284]
Groundwater pollution ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Heavy metals ; Arsenic ; Iron ; Manganese ; Water quality ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Tube wells ; Rural areas ; Sensitivity analysis / Bangladesh / Jashore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051258)
https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/20/6/888/1066737/jwh0200888.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051258.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051258.pdf
(0.64 MB) (652 KB)
This study investigated groundwater pollution and potential human health risks from arsenic, iron, and manganese in the rural area of Jashore, Bangladesh. Study results show that the mean value of groundwater pH is 7.25 ± 0.31, with a mean conductivity of 633.94 ± 327.41 µs/cm, while about 73, 97, and 91% of groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh drinking water standard limits for As, Fe, and Mn, respectively. Groundwater pollution evaluation indices, including the heavy metal pollution index, the heavy metal evaluation index, the degree of contamination, and the Nemerow pollution index, show that approximately 97, 82, 100, and 100% of samples are in the high degree of pollution category, respectively. Spatial distribution exhibited that the study area is highly exposed to As (73%), Fe (82%), and Mn (46%). In the case of non-carcinogenic health risk via oral exposure, about 94% of samples suggest a high category of risk for infants, and 97% of samples are found to be at high risk for children and adults. The carcinogenic risk of arsenic via an oral exposure pathway suggests that approximately 97% of the samples are found to be at high risk for infants, and all of the samples are at high risk for both adults and children.
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