Your search found 7 records
1 Field, H. L.; Solie, J. B. (Eds.) 2007. Introduction to agricultural engineering technology: a problem solving approach. 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer. 389p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631 G000 FIE Record No: H045433)
(0.31 MB)
2 Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.) 2018. Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 96p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.226]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048999)
(3 MB)
There is a strong link between gender and energy in view of food preparation and the acquisition of fuel, especially in rural areas. This is demonstrated in a range of case studies from East and West Africa, where biochar, human waste and other waste resources have been used to produce briquettes or biogas as additional high-quality fuel sources. The synthesis of the cases concludes that resource recovery and reuse for energy offers an alternative to conventional centralized grid projects which, while attractive to investors and large-scale enterprises, do not necessarily provide job opportunities for marginalized communities. Reusing locally available waste materials for energy production and as soil ameliorant (in the case of biochar) in small enterprises allows women and youth who lack business capital to begin modest, locally viable businesses. The case studies offer concrete examples of small-scale solutions to energy poverty that can make a significant difference to the lives of women and their communities.
3 Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Amewu, S.; Njenga, M. 2018. Adoption and economic impact of briquettes as cooking fuel: the case of women fish smokers in Ghana. In Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.). Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.25-31. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049000)
(468 KB)
4 Mendum, R.; Njenga, M. 2018. Gender and energy and the rationale for resource recovery and reuse (RRR) for energy. In Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.). Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.1-4. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049002)
(337 KB)
5 Mendum, R.; Njenga, M. 2018. Take-home messages on gender and resource recovery and reuse (RRR) for energy. In Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.). Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.81-82. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049010)
(639 KB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI HQ Record No: H050240)
(2.27 MB) (2.27 MB)
Sustainable energy policy and tackling climate-change-related issues require exploring energy consumption patterns. This paper proposes an integrative methodological approach called grounded survey for understanding behavioral factors behind household energy consumption. The study aims to overcome the restrictions of both quantitative and qualitative studies by combining participatory-systems-mapping (PSM) based focus group research with a quantitative survey. Focus groups were used to highlight common patterns, which helped formulate survey questions specifically into understudied areas of energy-related behavior. The survey helped validate these qualitatively grounded questions, while generating generalizable quantitative results based on a representative sample. Finally, a comparative assessment contrasted the comprehensive qualitative analysis with the survey findings. Two causal loop diagrams of common patterns are employed to illustrate the methodological model. This integrative approach deepens understanding of behavioral factors behind energy consumption and provides policy recommendations to strengthen the relationship between heating-related behavior and heating costs. The grounded survey method can be utilized in studying wicked or paradox problems in which the relationship between behavioral and technical factors are complex and possibilities for intervention are limited. The application of the model is suggested in areas where development can only be achieved through behavioral change.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053063)
(8.99 MB) (8.99 MB)
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) holds substantial importance as a foundational chemical that can be potentially transformed into biofuels and various additional high-value products. Fructose is gaining popularity as one of the raw materials for the facile formation of 5-HMF. However, it is not as abundant in nature as glucose, the primary product derived from biomass breakdown and the most abundant monosaccharide globally. Producing fructose through glucose isomerization is an economical approach in this context. This study investigates several types of novel, facile, and reusable hydrogel catalysts for the isomerization of glucose into fructose and dehydration of fructose into 5-HMF in green solvent media. This study marks the first application of both amine and amide functional groups within a single catalyst (PEGDA-DMAPMA) for glucose isomerization. The results of glucose isomerization using Brønsted-base PEGDA-DMAPMA hydrogel catalysts reveal a 45% glucose conversion rate and a 27% fructose yield, with a 61% selectivity at 110 °C, within a 2 h reaction time. Brønsted-acid PEGDA-3SMP-H gave a fructose conversion rate of 93%, yielding 65% 5-HMF at 120 °C after 6 h. A significant observation was made for PEGDA-3SMP-H, indicating an increase in the catalytic ability with regeneration cycles. The synthesized catalysts PEGDA-DMAPMA and PEGDA-3SMP-H exhibited stability up to 120 °C despite an increase in swelling ratio at higher temperatures and times. Furthermore, PEGDA-3SMP-Cu2+ demonstrated a considerable yield of fructose compared to other metal ion-modified Brønsted-acid catalysts. Additionally, an efficient heating method for this process was identified. In conclusion, the prepared hydrogel catalysts are preferred for industrial applications in carbohydrate conversion.
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