Your search found 12 records
1 Jeronimo, R. P.; Rap, Edwin; Vos, J. 2015. The politics of land use planning: gold mining in Cajamarca, Peru. Land Use Policy, 49:104-117. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.07.009]
Land use ; Planning ; Gold ; Mining ; Political aspects ; Ecology ; Economic aspects ; Environmental effects ; Farming systems ; Geographical Information Systems ; Stakeholders ; Water use ; Catchment areas ; Rural communities ; Urban population ; Central government ; Regional government ; Case studies / Peru / Cajamarca
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047143)
(1.56 MB)
Ecological and Economic Zoning (EEZ) is a Land Use Planning (LUP) methodology that aims at defining separate areas for productive uses and conservation. EEZ is designed as a method that balances different interests and it devises land use policy through stakeholder participation, technical expertise and GIS modelling. The article presents the case study of EEZ in Cajamarca, Peru to analyse the LUP process in a situation of conflicting interests over future land and water use. Cajamarca is a department with rich gold deposits in the headwater catchment area upstream of the city of Cajamarca. During the last decade, rural communities and urban populations have continuously protested against the opening of new open pit mines, as they fear this will affect their water supply. Therefore, the EEZ process became part of a controversy between a powerful pro-mining coalition lead by the central government and a conservation coalition lead by the regional government. We conclude that in these circumstances, LUP cannot, technically or politically, accommodate the different values attributed to the headwater catchment.
2 Christ, K.; Baier, K.; Azzam, R. 2016. Slums and informal housing in India: a critical look at official statistics with regard to water and sanitation. Water International, 41(2):308-324. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1139656]
Housing ; Slums ; Urban population ; Water supply ; Groundwater ; Sanitation ; Human rights ; Living standards ; Settlement ; Social aspects ; State intervention ; Households ; Censuses / India / Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047477)
(1.73 MB)
The official data on slums and basic urban services are important sources for Indian planners and policy makers. With regard to national and international benchmarks they are consulted in order to identify and target those in need of development schemes. This article takes a closer look at the official definitions and numbers and raises questions about their reliability and their comprehensiveness. By comparing these statistics with findings obtained during fieldwork undertaken between 2011 and 2014 in the southern Indian city of Hyderabad questions emerge concerning the effectiveness in helping the most marginalized sections of society.
3 Karg, H.; Drechsel, Pay; Akoto-Dans, E. K.; Glaser, R.; Nyarko, G.; Buerkert, A. 2016. Foodsheds and city region food systems in two West African cities. Sustainability, 8(12):1-32. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121175]
Food chains ; Food supply ; Food consumption ; Food habits ; Food production ; Urban environment ; Urban population ; Climate change ; Crops ; Livestock ; Vegetables ; Leaf vegetables ; Organic wastes / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Tamale / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047875)
In response to changing urban food systems, short supply chains have been advocated to meet urban food needs while building more sustainable urban food systems. Despite an increasing interest in urban food supply and the flows of food from production to consumption, there is a lack of empirical studies and methodologies which systematically analyse the actual proportion and nutritional significance of local and regional food supplied to urban markets. The aim of this empirical study therefore was to compare the geographical sources supplying food to the urban population (“foodsheds”) in Tamale, Ghana and Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, to record the supplied quantities and to assess the level of interaction between the sources and the respective city. The study was conducted over two years, covering the seasons of abundant and short supply, via traffic surveys on the access roads to the two cities, and in the Tamale markets, resulting altogether in more than 40,000 records of food flow. Results indicated that food sources were highly crop- and season-specific, ranging from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional foodsheds with diverse sources across seasons. Across the commodity-specific foodsheds, city region boundaries were established. Within the proposed city region a relatively large proportion of smallholders contributed to urban food supply, taking advantage of the proximity to urban markets. While food provided from within the city region offers certain place-based benefits, like the provision of fresh perishable crops, a larger geographical diversity of foodsheds appeared to enhance the resilience of urban food systems, such as against climate related production failures.
4 Bakker, M. H. N.; Duncan, J. A. 2017. Future bottlenecks in international river basins: where transboundary institutions, population growth and hydrological variability intersect. Water International, 42(4):400-424. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1331412]
River basins ; International waters ; Institution building ; Population growth ; Urban population ; Hydrological factors ; Flooding ; Runoff ; Risk analysis ; Ranking ; Forecasting ; International agreements ; Treaties ; Models ; Riparian zones / Africa / Asia / Europe / North America / South America
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048153)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02508060.2017.1331412?needAccess=true#aHR0cDovL3d3dy50YW5kZm9ubGluZS5jb20vZG9pL3BkZi8xMC4xMDgwLzAyNTA4MDYwLjIwMTcuMTMzMTQxMj9uZWVkQWNjZXNzPXRydWVAQEAw
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048153.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048153.pdf
(3.62 MB) (3.62 MB)
Using global data, this article examines the nexus of transboundary flood events and future social vulnerability. Which international river basins are forecast to experience an increase in both hydrological variability and population in the future, but currently lack institutional provisions to deal with these shared events? Concentrations of elevated risk are found in several basins in Central Asia, Central America and Central Africa. The article ends by highlighting transboundary basins that merit further investigation and possibly additional institution building to reduce urban flood risk.
5 Ebeke, C. H.; Etoundi, S. M. N. 2017. The effects of natural resources on urbanization, concentration, and living standards in Africa. World Development, 96:408-417. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.03.026]
Natural resources ; Urbanization ; Living standards ; Water availability ; Sanitation ; Informal sector ; Governance ; Urban population ; Slums ; Off farm employment ; Income ; Gross national product ; Econometrics ; Models / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048239)
(0.30 MB)
This paper examines the effects of natural resource abundance on urbanization and living standards in Africa. Our central hypothesis is that the exploitation of natural resources in a context of poor governance quality creates the conditions for rapid urbanization and urban concentration, and ultimately lowers living standards in primal cities. Using a large panel of African countries, our results show that an increase in the share of natural resources leads to a rapid increase in urbanization and urban concentration, even after taking into account endogeneity issues, or after using more exogenous measures of resource dependency. The paper also establishes a negative association between the resource abundance, the quality of life in large cities and the degree of informality via the increase in urbanization rate and urban concentration. Importantly, we have established that these results mostly hold in the context of bad governance. More specifically, the resource-led urbanization and concentration booms take place mainly in countries characterized by poor governance records. Furthermore, poor governance quality is associated with a more detrimental effect of urbanization and urban concentration on the quality of life in African cities. These results suggest that ongoing transformations experienced by these countries call for complementary policies to ensure a more balanced and efficient urbanization process.
6 Horbulyk, Ted; Price, Joseph P. G. 2018. Pricing reforms for sustainable water use and management in the Philippines. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Resources and Markets Branch. 81p.
Sustainability ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Water use ; Water management ; Water supply ; Water delivery ; Water rates ; Water pricing ; Water quality ; Water levels ; Drinking water ; Investment ; Financing ; Rural communities ; Urban population ; Regulations ; Sanitation ; Subsidies ; Poverty / Philippines
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048609)
(989 KB)
7 Dawoud, M. A. H. 2017. Water, energy, and food security nexus in the West Asian Region. In Salam, P. A.; Shrestha, S.; Pandey, V. P.; Anal, A. K. (Eds.). Water-energy-food nexus: principles and practices. Indianapolis, IN, USA: Wiley. pp.163-180.
Water resources ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water policy ; Food security ; Food supply ; Food production ; Energy resources ; Nexus ; Poverty ; Sustainable development ; Farmland ; Supply chain ; Economic aspects ; Rural population ; Urban population ; Renewable resources ; Climate change ; Aquifers ; Land degradation ; Legal aspects / Western Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048746)
8 Gafurov, Zafar; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Akramov, Bekzod; Djumaboev, Kakhramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Solieva, Umida. 2018. Geodatabase and diagnostic atlas: Kashkadarya Province, Uzbekistan. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 74p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.217]
GIS ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Digital technology ; Maps ; Simulation models ; Satellite imagery ; Urban population ; Urban areas ; Rural population ; Rural areas ; Population density ; Irrigation systems ; Irrigation water ; Water resources ; Water storage ; Water use efficiency ; Canals ; Drainage systems ; Pumps ; Lakes ; Reservoir storage ; Watersheds ; Streams ; Transportation ; Groundwater ; Soil types ; Vegetation ; Ecosystems ; Climate change ; Infrastructure / Uzbekistan / Kashkadarya Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048924)
(6 MB)
9 Ngongi, N.; Pridmore, P.; Drechsel, Pay; van Veenhuizen, R. 2018. Does Africa need controlled environment agriculture? Agriculture for Development, 34:1-4.
Environment ; Agriculture ; Food security ; Poverty ; Urban areas ; Urban population ; Periurban areas ; Diet ; Low income areas
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048929)
10 Qadir, M.; Drechsel, Pay; Cisneros, B. J.; Kim, Y.; Pramanik, A.; Mehta, P.; Olaniyan, O. 2020. Global and regional potential of wastewater as a water, nutrient and energy source. Natural Resources Forum, 44(1):40-51. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12187]
Wastewater treatment ; Recycling ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Nutrients ; Energy sources ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Fertilizers ; Wastewater irrigation ; Energy generation ; Energy recovery ; Forecasting ; Municipal wastewater ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Urban population ; Water stress / Asia / Africa South of Sahara / Middle East / North Africa / Europe / Latin America / Caribbean / North America / Oceania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049500)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1477-8947.12187
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049500.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049500.pdf
(1.44 MB)
There is a proactive interest in recovering water, nutrients and energy from waste streams with the increase in municipal wastewater volumes and innovations in resource recovery. Based on the synthesis of wastewater data, this study provides insights into the global and regional “potential” of wastewater as water, nutrient and energy sources while acknowledging the limitations of current resource recovery opportunities and promoting efforts to fast-track highefficiency returns. The study estimates suggest that, currently, 380 billion m3 (m3 = 1,000 L) of wastewater are produced annually across the world which is a volume fivefold the volume of water passing through Niagara Falls annually. Wastewater production globally is expected to increase by 24% by 2030 and 51% by 2050 over the current level. Among major nutrients, 16.6 Tg (Tg = million metric ton) of nitrogen are embedded in wastewater produced worldwide annually; phosphorus stands at 3.0 Tg and potassium at 6.3 Tg. The full nutrient recovery from wastewater would offset 13.4% of the global demand for these nutrients in agriculture. Beyond nutrient recovery and economic gains, there are critical environmental benefits, such as minimizing eutrophication. At the energy front, the energy embedded in wastewater would be enough to provide electricity to 158 million households. These estimates and projections are based on the maximum theoretical amounts of water, nutrients and energy that exist in the reported municipal wastewater produced worldwide annually. Supporting resource recovery from wastewater will need a step-wise approach to address a range of constraints to deliver a high rate of return in direct support of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6, 7 and 12, but also other Goals, including adaptation to climate change and efforts in advancing “netzero” energy processes towards a green economy.
11 Singh, S.; Hassan, S. M. T.; Hassan, M.; Bharti, N. 2020. Urbanisation and water insecurity in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: insights from Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Water Policy, 22(S1):9-32. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.215]
Urbanization ; Water insecurity ; Water resources ; Water security ; Water demand ; Water supply ; Climate change ; Risk coping strategies ; Adaptation ; Rivers ; Infrastructure ; Urban population ; Mountains ; Economic aspects / Bangladesh / India / Nepal / Pakistan / Hindu Kush Himalayan Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049979)
https://iwaponline.com/wp/article-pdf/22/S1/9/651610/022000009.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049979.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049979.pdf
(0.35 MB) (360 KB)
This paper reviews the interlinkages of critical state of water resources, supply systems, rapid urbanisation and demand regime, aggravated by tourism leading to increasing water insecurity in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH). Urban centres in the HKH have been defined based on different criteria, but mountain-specific criteria are lacking. In the mountains, small settlements such as district headquarters perform a large number of functions, typical of an urban centre. However, they are not formally classified as urban centres because they do not meet the census-defined nationally set criteria of the respective country. Nonetheless, water insecurity is a reality, attributed to: (i) water governance issues; (ii) inappropriate urban planning, failing, and to some extent, unable to account for the floating population, such as tourists; and (iii) the scourge of climate change which could worsen the situation further. Short-term coping strategies to meeting water demands often involve unsustainable solutions, such as groundwater extraction, with long-term repercussions. However, long-term strategies for water sustainability by the governments have been beneficial while others are yet to show success. Initiatives by civil society and governments along similar lines in other countries could lead to a water-secure future for the fragile urban centres of the HKH region.
12 He, C.; Liu, Z.; Wu, J.; Pan, X.; Fang, Z.; Li, J.; Bryan, B. A. 2021. Future global urban water scarcity and potential solutions. Nature Communications, 12:4667. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25026-3]
Water scarcity ; Urbanization ; Urban population ; Towns ; Climate change mitigation ; Water demand ; Water availability ; Water use efficiency ; Water stress ; Transfer of waters ; Virtual water ; Infrastructure ; Sustainability ; Socioeconomic development
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050694)
(1.64 MB) (1.64 MB)
Urbanization and climate change are together exacerbating water scarcity—where water demand exceeds availability—for the world’s cities. We quantify global urban water scarcity in 2016 and 2050 under four socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, and explored potential solutions. Here we show the global urban population facing water scarcity is projected to increase from 933 million (one third of global urban population) in 2016 to 1.693–2.373 billion people (one third to nearly half of global urban population) in 2050, with India projected to be most severely affected in terms of growth in water-scarce urban population (increase of 153–422 million people). The number of large cities exposed to water scarcity is projected to increase from 193 to 193–284, including 10–20 megacities. More than two thirds of water-scarce cities can relieve water scarcity by infrastructure investment, but the potentially significant environmental trade-offs associated with large-scale water scarcity solutions must be guarded against.
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