Your search found 16 records
1 Tinsley, R. L. 2004. Developing smallholder agriculture: a global perspective. Brussels, Belgium: AgBe Publishing. 437p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.72 G000 TIN Record No: H043510)
2 Johnston, Robyn M.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Lacombe, Guillaume; Noble, Andrew D.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Suhardiman, Diana; Kam, Suan Pheng; Choo, P. S. 2009. Scoping study on natural resources and climate change in Southeast Asia with a focus on agriculture. Final report. Vientiane, Laos: International Water Management Institute (IWMI) South East Asia Office, for Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) 107p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2010.201]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042414)
(3.26 MB) (3.26 MB)
3 Mahata, K. R.; Singh, D. P.; Saha, S.; Ismail, A. M.; Haefele, S. M. 2010. Improving rice productivity in the coastal saline soils of the Mahanadi Delta of India through integrated nutrient management. In Hoanh, Chu Thai; Szuster, B. W.; Kam, S. P.; Ismail, A. M; Noble, Andrew D. (Eds.). Tropical deltas and coastal zones: food production, communities and environment at the land-water interface. Wallingford, UK: CABI; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish Center; Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI); Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.239-248.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 639 G000 HOA Record No: H043061)
(5.08 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 633.18 G570 PAL Record No: H043799)
(10.04 MB) (10.0MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044602)
(0.47 MB)
Carbon sequestration in tropical soils has potential for mitigating global warming and increasing agricultural productivity. We analyzed 26 long-term experiments (LTEs) in different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of India to assess the potential and cost of C sequestration. Data on initial and final soil organic C (SOC) concentration in the recommended N, P and K (NPK); recommended N, P and K plus farmyard manure (NPK + FYM) and unfertilized (control) treatments were used to calculate carbon sequestration potential (CSP) i.e., capacity to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by increasing SOC stock, under different nutrient management scenarios. In most of the LTEs wheat equivalent yields were higher in the NPK+FYM treatment than the NPK treatment. However, partial factor productivity (PFP) was more with the NPK treatment. Average SOC concentration of the control treatment was 0.54%, which increased to 0.65% in the NPK treatment and 0.82% in the NPK+FYM treatment. Compared to the control treatment the NPK+FYM treatment sequestered 0.33MgC ha-1 yr-1 whereas the NPK treatment sequestered 0.16MgC ha-1 yr-1. The CSP in different nutrient management scenarios ranged from 2.1 to 4.8MgC ha-1 during the study period (average 16.9 yr) of the LTEs. In 17 out of 26 LTEs, the NPK+FYM treatment had higher SOC and also higher net return than that of the NPK treatment. In the remaining 9 LTEs SOC sequestration in the NPK+FYM treatment was accomplished with decreased net return suggesting that these are economically not attractive and farmers have to incur into additional cost to achieve C sequestration. The feasibility of SOC sequestration in terms of availability of FYM and other organic sources has been discussed in the paper.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAZ Record No: H045749)
(0.73 MB)
7 Keraita, B.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2014. Irrigation and soil fertility management practices. In Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B. (Eds.) Irrigated urban vegetable production in Ghana: characteristics, benefits and risk mitigation. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.74-88.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046604)
(395 KB)
This chapter describes the different irrigation methods and nutrient application practices used by urban vegetable farmers. Data are based on surveys conducted in Kumasi, Accra and Tamale. Recent relevant publications are also reviewed.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333 G000 ZEU Record No: H048567)
9 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.) 2018. More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 224p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048855)
(6.85 MB)
Current patterns of agricultural expansion and intensification are bringing unprecedented environmental externalities, including impacts on water quality. While water pollution is slowly starting to receive the attention it deserves, the contribution of agriculture to this problem has not yet received sufficient consideration.
We need a much better understanding of the causes and effects of agricultural water pollution as well as effective means to prevent and remedy the problem. In the existing literature, information on water pollution from agriculture is highly dispersed. This repost is a comprehensive review and covers different agricultural sectors (including crops, livestock and aquaculture), and examines the drivers of water pollution in these sectors as well as the resulting pressures and changes in water bodies, the associated impacts on human health and the environment, and the responses needed to prevent pollution and mitigate its risks.
10 Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Albers, J. 2018. On-farm and off-farm responses. In Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Zadeh, S. M.; Turral, H. (Eds.). More people, more food, worse water?: a global review of water pollution from agriculture. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.179-203.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048864)
(692 KB)
11 Nagothu, U. S. (Ed.) 2016. Climate change and agricultural development: improving resilience through climate smart agriculture, agroecology and conservation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. 321p. (Earthscan Food and Agriculture Series)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630.2515 G000 NAG Record No: H049154)
(0.46 MB)
12 Wang, M.; Tang, T.; Burek, P.; Havlik, P.; Krisztin, T.; Kroeze, C.; Leclere, D.; Strokal, M.; Wada, Y.; Wang, Y.; Langan, Simon. 2019. Increasing nitrogen export to sea: a scenario analysis for the Indus River. Science of the Total Environment, 694:133629. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133629]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049540)
(2.41 MB)
The Indus River Basin faces severe water quality degradation because of nutrient enrichment from human activities. Excessive nutrients in tributaries are transported to the river mouth, causing coastal eutrophication. This situation may worsen in the future because of population growth, economic development, and climate change. This study aims at a better understanding of the magnitude and sources of current (2010) and future (2050) river export of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) by the Indus River at the sub-basin scale. To do this, we implemented the MARINA 1.0 model (Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs). The model inputs for human activities (e.g., agriculture, land use) were mainly from the GLOBIOM (Global Biosphere Management Model) and EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Model) models. Model inputs for hydrology were from the Community WATer Model (CWATM). For 2050, three scenarios combining Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs 1, 2 and 3) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 6.0) were selected. A novelty of this study is the sub-basin analysis of future N export by the Indus River for SSPs and RCPs. Result shows that river export of TDN by the Indus River will increase by a factor of 1.6–2 between 2010 and 2050 under the three scenarios. N90% of the dissolved N exported by the Indus River is from midstream sub-basins. Human waste is expected to be the major source, and contributes by 66–70% to river export of TDN in 2050 depending on the scenarios. Another important source is agriculture, which contributes by 21–29% to dissolved inorganic N export in 2050. Thus a combined reduction in both diffuse and point sources in the midstream sub-basins can be effective to reduce coastal water pollution by nutrients at the river mouth of Indus.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049729)
(3.28 MB)
Successful irrigated agriculture is underpinned by answering two critical questions: when and how much to irrigate. This article quantifies the role of the Chameleon and the Wetting Front Detector, monitoring tools facilitating decision-making and learning about soil-water-nutrient dynamics. Farmers retained nutrients in the root zone by reducing irrigation frequency, number of siphons, and event duration. Water productivity increased by more than 100% for farmers both with and without monitoring tools. Transitioning smallholder irrigation systems into profitable and sustainable schemes requires investment in technology, farmers and institutions. Importantly, technologies need embedding in a learning environment that fosters critical feedback mechanisms, such as market constraints.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051602)
(15.60 MB) (15.6 MB)
The increase of agricultural nitrogen (N) inputs since the 1960s is a key driver in surface- and groundwater nitrate pollution. The water abstracted from these sources can input substantial amounts of reactive nitrogen (NIrrig) if used for crop irrigation. This input is often not included in N related agricultural policies and studies, which are likely underestimating the magnitude of N pollution hotspots and overestimating the N use efficiency. In this study, we provided prima facie evidence that NIrrig is a neglected source of N in irrigated systems. The NIrrig was computed for 278 municipalities in mainland Portugal along the period 1995–2019 based on the gross irrigation requirements and nitrate concentration in ground- and surface water sources. The former was derived using two complementary approaches, using the AquaCrop and GlobWat models, while the latter were computed following spatially explicit approaches. NIrrig showed annual large fluctuations (6–11 Gg N yr-1), of which 91% was from groundwater sources. Results show that NIrrig averaged 14 ( ± 11) kg N ha-1 yr-1, which is equivalent to 3 ( ± 4) % of the N in synthetic fertilisers. This input was higher in the municipalities that simultaneously present high irrigation demand and the nitrate-contaminated groundwater as an irrigation source. In these cases, located in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones, NIrrig reached up to 95 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and more than 80% of the N in synthetic fertilizers. This study highlights the importance of linking water and nutrient policies to better gain insight on NIrrig, for which the current study provided for a simple modelling framework.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051863)
(1.88 MB) (1.88 MB)
Population growth leads to an increase in the demand for energy, water, and food as cities grow and urbanize. However, the Earth's limited resources are unable to meet these rising demands. Modern farming practices increase productivity, but waste resources and consume too much energy. Agricultural activities occupy 50 % of all habitable land. After a rise of 80 % in 2021, fertilizer prices have increased by nearly 30 % in 2022, representing a significant cost for farmers. Sustainable and organic farming has the potential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and increase the utilization of organic residues as a nitrogen (N) source for plant nutrition. Agricultural management typically prioritizes nutrient cycling and supply for crop growth, whereas the mineralization of added biomass regulates crop nutrient supply and CO2 emissions. To reduce overconsumption of natural resources and environmental damage, the current economic model of “take-make-use-dispose” must be replaced by “prevention-reuse-remake-recycle”. The circular economy model is promising for preserving natural resources and providing sustainable, restorative, and regenerative farming. Technosols and organic wastes can improve food security, ecosystem services, the availability of arable land, and human health. This study intends to investigate the nitrogen nutrition provided by organic wastes to agricultural systems, reviewing the current state of knowledge and demonstrating how common organic wastes can be utilized to promote sustainable farming management. Nine waste residues were selected to promote sustainability in farming based on circular economy and zero waste criteria. Using standard methods, their water content, organic matter, total organic carbon, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and ammonium levels were determined, along with their potential to improve soil fertility via N supply and technosol formulation. 10 % to 15 % of organic waste was mineralized and analysed during a six-month cultivation cycle. Through the results, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilization to increase crop yield is recommended, as is the search for realistic and practical methods of dealing with massive amounts of organic residues within the context of a circular economy.
16 Hussein, M. A.; Haileslassie, Amare; Derseh, M. B.; Assefa, T. T.; Riga, F. T.; Adie, A.; Tebeje, A. K.; Jones, C. S.; Tilahun, Seifu A. 2024. Enhancing irrigated forage crop production through water and nutrient management in the Ethiopian sub-humid highlands. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8:1373698. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1373698]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052855)
(5.69 MB) (5.69 MB)
Introduction: The increasing pressure on land and water resources, fueled by high population growth and climate change, has profound implications for crop yield and quality. While studies thrive for various crops, a notable research gap exists in understanding the responses of forage crops to irrigation and nutrient management in developing countries. This study aims to address this gap by assessing the impact of irrigation and fertilizer application on forage production in the Ethiopian sub-humid highlands.
Methods: The experiment focused on four forage varieties, namely Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) cultivars, ILRI-16791, ILRI-16819, ILRI-16803, and Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) ILRI-144 cultivated in experimental plots. Three irrigation levels designated as IR60 (60% of total available soil water), IR80 (80%), and IR100 (100%) were applied, along with three fertilizer rates: organic manure at 30 t ha-1 , and Urea-N at 100 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1 . Agronomic data including growth performance, forage dry matter yield, and nutritional quality were collected during two trial years.
Results and discussion: Among the various irrigation treatments, IR80 demonstrated the most favorable balance between forage yield, WUE, net benefit, and LWP. In addition, the highest DMY, WUE, net benefit, and LWP were obtained for UREA at the rate of 300 kg ha-1 while the lowest DMY and WUE were observed for UREA at the rate of 100 kg ha-1 . Significant variations were observed among the four forage varieties, with Napier grass ILRI-16791 having the highest DMY (9.8 tons ha-1 ), WUE (39 kg ha-1 mm-1 ), LWP (0.28 USD m-3 for local cows, and 1.04 USD m-3 for crossbred cows), and net benefit (783 USD ha-1 ). For all forages combined, a 40 and 20% decrease in irrigation increased water use efficiency by 17 and 9.4%, respectively. These results indicate that a moderate level of deficient irrigation such as IR80 could be a viable water management strategy for irrigated forage, especially in water-scarce areas. The conserved water saved from the deficit irrigation can thus be used to irrigate additional land, contributing to a more sustainable and efficient water usage approach.
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