Your search found 5 records
1 Yihun, Y. M.; Haile, A. M.; Schultz, B.; Erkossa, Teklu. 2013. Crop water productivity of irrigated teff in a water stressed region. Water Resources Management, 27(8):3115-3125. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-013-0336-x]
Crop production ; Water productivity ; Water stress ; Water deficit ; Irrigation water ; Eragrostis tef ; Evapotranspiration ; Biomass ; Soil Moisture / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045817)
(0.33 MB)
In water stressed regions such as the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia, increasing Crop Water Productivity (CWP) is imperative for sustainable food and water security. This paper presents CWP of Teff (Eragrostic Tef), a staple food in Ethiopia and an important export crop. Field experiments were conducted under irrigated agriculture during the dry seasons in the periods: 1) November 2010 to March 2011; and 2) December 2011 to April, 2012 at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre in Ethiopia. Teff crop was irrigated at sixteen different water application depths ranging from 100 to 25 % of the optimum Crop Water Evapotranspiration (ETc.) during the four growing stages, the initial, development, mid season and late season. The effect of seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha on lodging and yield of the crop was also determined. The main results were: 1) At 25 % deficit irrigation applied for the whole growth period, Teff CWP was the highest at 1.16 and 1.08 kg/m3 respectively for the seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha; 2) the CWP slightly decreased to 1.12 and 1.07 kg/m3 when the 25 % deficit was applied during the late season stage; 3) the crop yield response factor (Ky) of 1.09 and 1.19 was obtained for seeding rates of 25 kg/ha and 10 kg/ha respectively; the equivalent biomass response factor (Ky) was less at 0.88 and 0.96 respectively.
2 Gezahegn, T. W.; Zhu, X. 2015. Marginal value of natural water in agriculture: a study in the suburbs of Mekelle City, Ethiopia. Water Policy, 17(2):316-331. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.146]
Water resources ; Rainwater ; Suburban agriculture ; Water use ; Water policy ; Economic value ; Pricing ; Marginal analysis ; Models ; Crop production ; Wheat ; Barley ; Eragrostis tef / Ethiopia / Mekelle
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047667)
(0.24 MB)
In areas where markets for natural water are lacking, information on its marginal value can be an important tool for proper pricing to achieve efficient allocation of the resource. This article investigates the marginal value of natural water (rainwater used as a proxy) in agricultural crop production in the suburbs of Mekelle City, Ethiopia, by econometrically estimating individual value functions for three selected crops: wheat, barley, and teff (a staple food crop in Ethiopia). Results show that, on average, an additional 0.30 birr (birr ¼ Ethiopian currency: 1 euro ˜ 23 birr) worth of output is generated for each extra cubic meter of rainwater used. This result provides the marginal value (shadow price) of water in crop production at a certain point of the water cycle. It thus provides useful policy information for efficiently pricing water resources based on full-cost recovery, implying that the current tap water prices should be increased at least by 0.30 birr/m3 if the scarcity value of natural water is to be accounted for. The marginal value of natural water turned out to be the highest in teff production, suggesting that producing this crop would be the most water-efficient decision in the area.
3 Haileselassie, H.; Araya, A.; Habtu, S.; Meles, K. G.; Gebru, G.; Kisekka, I.; Girma, A.; Hadgu, K. M.; Foster, A. J. 2016. Exploring optimal farm resources management strategy for Quncho-teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) using AquaCrop model. Agricultural Water Management, 178:148-158. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.09.002]
Crop management ; Eragrostis tef ; Irrigation water ; Water productivity ; Models ; Farm management ; Strategies ; Crop yield ; Fertilizer application ; Sowing date ; Soil water characteristics ; Chemicophysical properties ; Rain ; Biomass ; Canopy ; Experimentation / Ethiopia / Mekelle
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047852)
(1.52 MB)
Teff is a major staple food crop in Ethiopia. Moisture and soil fertility are the two major factors limiting teff yield. Studies were conducted across three sites in Ethiopa [Mekelle (MK) in 2012 and 2016, Ilala (IL) in 2012 and Debrezeit (DZ) in 2009 and 2010]. The objectives of these studies were (1) to assess the response of Quncho-teff to different fertilizer and irrigation levels; 2) to quantify irrigation water productivity (IWP), and (3) to collect data to calibrate and validate AquaCrop model for simulating yield and evaluate optimal irrigation and sowing date strategy for Quncho-teff at different locations in Ethiopia. The different fertilizer levels were: 1) 64 kg N and 46 kg P/ha (N2P2); 2); 32 kg N and 23 kg P/ha (N1P1); 3) 0 kg N and 0 kg P/ha (N0P0) and 4) 52 kg N and 46 kg P/ha (N3P3). The four irrigation treatments were: zero (rainfed), two, four and full irrigation applications. Findings showed that full irrigation in combination with high fertilizer (N2P2) could give better yield. However, during abnormal rainfall, spreading the available fertilizer at a rate of 32 kg N and 23 kg P/ha may be preferable to applying 64 kg N and 46 kg P/ha. This study also indicated that the regional fertilizer recommendations for teff need to be revised taking in to account the soil characteristics, climate and irrigation water availability. The AquaCrop model was able to simulate the observed canopy cover, soil water, biomass and yield of teff satisfactorily. Canopy cover was simulated with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), index of agreement (I) and R2 of 7%, 0.5 and 0.8, respectively. Soil moisture during the season was simulated with NRMSE of 11.4–15.7%, I of 0.99 and R2 of 0.85–0.9. Simulated final aboveground biomass values were in close agreement with the measured (NRMSE, 7.8%, I, 0.89 and R2, 0.66). There was also good agreement between simulated and measured grain yield with NRMSE, I and R2 values of 10.9%, 0.93, 0.80, respectively. Scenario analysis indicated that early sowing was the best option to maximize teff yield with the least amount of irrigation. Scenario analysis also showed that one irrigation during flowering stage could substantially improve irrigation water productivity (IWP) of teff and minimize the yield loses which could occur due to shifting of sowing date from early to normal. Two irrigation applications also substantially improved the yield and IWP of late sown teff. However, to get high yield, a late sown teff should receive at least four irrigation applications during the mid-growth stage of the crop. These results suggest that AquaCrop model can be used to identify optimal farm resource management strategies for teff production.
4 Vandercasteelen, J.; Beyene, S. T.; Minten, B.; Swinnen, J. 2018. Big cities, small towns, and poor farmers: evidence from Ethiopia. World Development, 106:393-406. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.03.006]
Agricultural production ; Intensification ; Urbanization ; Towns ; Agricultural prices ; Eragrostis tef ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic environment ; Transport ; Costs ; Regression analysis ; Models / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Bahir Dar / Nazareth
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048794)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X18300871/pdfft?md5=83a2c4f32d26313533f9051511024aff&pid=1-s2.0-S0305750X18300871-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048794.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048794.pdf
(1.12 MB) (1.12 MB)
Urbanization is happening fast in the developing world and especially so in sub-Saharan Africa where growth rates of cities are among the highest in the world. While cities and, in particular, secondary towns, where most of the urban population in sub-Saharan Africa resides, affect agricultural practices in their rural hinterlands, this relationship is not well understood. To fill this gap, we develop a conceptual model to analyze how farmers’ proximity to cities of different sizes affects agricultural prices and intensification of farming. We then test these predictions using large-scale survey data from producers of teff, a major staple crop in Ethiopia, relying on unique data on transport costs and road networks and implementing an array of econometric models. We find that agricultural price behavior and intensification is determined by proximity to a city and the type of city. While proximity to cities has a strong positive effect on agricultural output prices and on uptake of modern inputs and yields on farms, the effects on prices and intensification measures are lower for farmers in the rural hinterlands of secondary towns compared to primate cities.
5 Gebru, M.; Holden, S. T.; Alfnes, F. 2021. Adoption analysis of agricultural technologies in the semiarid northern Ethiopia: a panel data analysis. Agricultural and Food Economics, 9:12. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-021-00184-6]
Agriculture ; Technology ; Semiarid zones ; Cash crops ; Eragrostis tef ; Wheat ; Drought tolerance ; Market access ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Population ; Rain ; Risk ; Households ; Models / Ethiopia / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050330)
https://agrifoodecon.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40100-021-00184-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050330.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050330.pdf
(0.41 MB) (424 KB)
Agricultural technology change is required in developing countries to increase the robustness to climate-related variability, feed a growing population, and create opportunities for market-oriented production. This study investigates technological change in the form of adoption of improved wheat, drought-tolerant teff, and cash crops in the semiarid Tigray region in northern Ethiopia. We analyze three rounds of panel data collected from smallholder farms in 2005/2006, 2009/2010, and 2014/2015 with a total sample of 1269 households. Double-hurdle models are used to assess how the likelihood (first hurdle) and intensity of technology adoption (second hurdle) are affected by demographic, weather, and market factors. The results indicate that few smallholders have adopted the new crops; those that have adopted the crops only plant small shares of their land with the new crops, and that there has been only a small increase in adoption over the 10-year period. Furthermore, we found that high population density is positively associated with the adoption of improved wheat, and previous period’s rainfall is positively associated with the adoption of drought-tolerant teff. The adoption of cash crops is positively associated with landholding size and access to irrigation. The policy implications of these results are that the government should increase the improved wheat diffusion efforts in less dense population areas, make sure that drought-tolerant teff seed is available and affordable after droughts, and promote irrigation infrastructure for production of cash crops.
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