Your search found 6 records
1 Otoo, Miriam. (Ed.) 2018. Nutrient and organic matter recovery - Section III. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.316-546.
Organic matter ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Business management ; Business models ; Agricultural waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Municipal wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Cost recovery ; Market economics ; Carbon credits ; Macroeconomics ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Corporate culture ; Technology assessment ; Financing ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Organic fertilizers ; Liquid fertilizers ; Subsidies ; Risk reduction ; Waste management ; Biogas ; Livestock wastes ; Vermicomposting ; Sugar industry ; Sustainability ; Toilets ; Urine ; Excreta ; Septic tanks ; Soil conditioners ; On-farm consumption ; Wastewater treatment ; Phosphorus ; Sewage sludge / Uganda / Sri Lanka / Kenya / India / Bangladesh / Mexico / Rwanda / Burkina Faso / Mbale / Matara / Balangoda / Ludhiana / Okhla / Bangalore / Karnataka / Dhaka / Naivasha / Puducherry / Sinaloa / Culiacan / Kigali / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048653)
(8.29 MB)
2 Adam-Bradford, A.; Otoo, Miriam; Hope, L. 2018. Fecal sludge to nutrient-rich compost from public toilets (Rwanda Environment Care, Rwanda) - Case Study. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.487-495.
Faecal sludge ; Composting ; Nutrients ; Toilets ; Sanitation ; Organic fertilizers ; Supply chain ; Business models ; Environmental impact ; Case studies / Rwanda / Kigali
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048670)
(1.31 MB)
3 Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Business models ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Desludging ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Solid wastes ; Septic tanks ; Toilets ; Waste disposal ; Transport ; Treatment plants ; Urban areas ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Financial viability ; Funding ; Marketing ; Pricing ; Investment ; Operating costs ; Cost recovery ; Benefits ; Profitability ; Risk ; Technology ; Government procurement ; Taxes ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Biogas ; Composting ; Households ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Telangana / Bihar / Kerala / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Delhi / Uttar Pradesh / Odisha / Jammu and Kashmir / Karnataka / West Bengal / Panaji / Goa / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050010)
(9.13 MB)
Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
4 Balasubramanya, Soumya; Stifel, David; Alvi, M.; Ringler, C. 2022. The role of social identity in improving access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and health services: evidence from Nepal. Development Policy Review, 40(4):e12588. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12588]
Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Social status ; Inclusion ; Drinking water ; Hand washing ; Public health ; Health services ; Toilets ; Households ; Economic indicators / Nepal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050673)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dpr.12588
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050673.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050673.pdf
(0.47 MB) (484 KB)
Motivation: COVID-19 has revived focus on improving equitable access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health services in developing countries. Most public programming tends to rely on economic indicators to identify and target vulnerable groups. Can expanded targeting criteria that include social status help to improve not only targeting, but also equity in access to WASH and health services?
Purpose: This paper assesses the role of social identity in mediating access to WASH and health services, controlling for economic disadvantages such as household wealth, income sources and assets.
Methods and approach: We use regression analysis applied to the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to estimate the relationships between social identity and access to WASH and health services, controlling for wealth (using wealth index quantiles), and remittances (using indicator variables for domestic and international remittances).
Findings: We find that differences in access are mediated in large part by caste, and religious and ethnic identity, especially in rural areas; suggesting that the supply of such services is lower for historically disadvantaged communities. In addition, communities with lowest access are not necessarily the most economically disadvantaged, indicating that relying solely on traditional economic indicators to target programs and interventions may not be sufficient to improve equity in access to public health services.
Policy implications: The results make a case for broadening indicators beyond the economic criteria for improving targeting of public funds for more inclusive development.
Purpose: This paper assesses the role of social identity in mediating access to WASH and health services, controlling for economic disadvantages such as household wealth, income sources and assets.
Methods and approach: We use regression analysis applied to the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to estimate the relationships between social identity and access to WASH and health services, controlling for wealth (using wealth index quantiles), and remittances (using indicator variables for domestic and international remittances).
Findings: We find that differences in access are mediated in large part by caste, and religious and ethnic identity, especially in rural areas; suggesting that the supply of such services is lower for historically disadvantaged communities. In addition, communities with lowest access are not necessarily the most economically disadvantaged, indicating that relying solely on traditional economic indicators to target programs and interventions may not be sufficient to improve equity in access to public health services.
Policy implications: The results make a case for broadening indicators beyond the economic criteria for improving targeting of public funds for more inclusive development.
5 Sarkar, S. K.; Bharat, G. K. 2021. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in water and sanitation sectors in India. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 11(5):693-705. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.002]
Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Drinking water ; Policies ; Climate change ; Economic development ; Public health ; Water supply ; Households ; Toilets ; Defaecation ; Faecal sludge / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050700)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/11/5/693/937634/washdev0110693.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050700.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050700.pdf
(0.38 MB) (384 KB)
India, with over 1.37 billion population and housing one-sixth of the world's inhabitants, has a significant role to play in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper analyses the policies and programmes of the Government of India, towards the achievement of Targets 6.1 and 6.2 of SDG-6 that focus on safe drinking water and sanitation. The alignment of the policies and programmes is discussed in correlation of the output, outcome, and impacts on these targets of SDG 6. The Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission (SBM) launched in 2014 led the country with more than 98% of households having access to toilets. The Jal Jeevan Mission has the ambitious target of universal coverage of drinking water supply. While these programmes have led to the overall development, a vast scope of improvement in these sectors exists especially considering the growing population, economic activity, urbanisation, and climate change impacts. Analysis also shows that adequate quantitative and qualitative data on the implementation of the various policies and programmes would be instrumental in synergising the implementation of the SDGs. A systems-thinking approach for sustaining the efforts of the ongoing programmes and ensuring equitable benefits of development in the water and sanitation sectors in India is recommended.
6 Saxena, S.; Chouhan, N. S.; Mojumdar, S.; Nielsen, M. O.; Manchikanti, S.; Mukherjee, A.; Agarwal, N.; Rani, M.; Dutta, A.; Vignesh, R.; Walters, J. P. 2022. Bridging the rural–urban divide in sanitation with a cluster-based approach to faecal sludge management: a case study from Dhenkanal district in Odisha, India. H2Open Journal, 5(4):549-566. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.054]
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Sanitation ; Rural areas ; Households ; Governance ; Infrastructure ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Toilets ; Towns ; Models ; Cluster analysis ; Capacity Development ; Case studies / India / Odisha / Dhenkanal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051586)
https://iwaponline.com/h2open/article-pdf/5/4/549/1119306/h2oj0050549.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051586.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051586.pdf
(0.86 MB) (880 KB)
Halfway into the sustainable development goal (SDG) period, the rural and urban divide in sanitation persists. As of 2020, less than half of the global rural population has access to safely managed sanitation. In India, the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission – Rural helped over 100 million rural households to construct individual toilets and access at least basic sanitation during 2014–2019. Expectedly, the increase in toilet usage has led to an urgent need for faecal sludge management (FSM). The present paper describes a novel model, rooted in an urban–rural partnership, to increase access to FSM services among rural households. In 2020–2021, we piloted the model in the Dhenkanal district in Odisha, which had a functional urban faecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP) and publicly run desludging trucks. The model adopted a five-step approach that included a data-led situational assessment, model development, stakeholder consultation, legal formalization of urban–rural partnership, and capacity building. Upon its implementation, the partnership transformed the rural sanitation service chain and resulted in the safe collection, conveyance, and treatment of 278 kL of faecal sludge from rural households within the first 5 months of implementation. As rural governments in India and other developing countries strive to achieve safely managed sanitation by 2030, the urban–rural partnership model discussed in the paper can present a viable pathway for rapidly scaling-up FSM services.
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