Your search found 23 records
1 Brauch, H. G.; Spring, U. O.; Grin, J.; Mesjasz, C.; Kameri-Mbote, P.; Behera, N. C.; Chourou, B.; Krummenacher, H. (Eds.) 2009. Facing global environmental change: environmental, human, energy, food, health and water security concepts. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. 1586p. (Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace Vol. 4)
Environmental factors ; Climate change ; Globalization ; Ecosystems ; International relations ; Policy ; Natural resources ; Desertification ; Water security ; Case studies ; Models ; Natural disasters ; Refugees ; Social welfare ; Health ; HIV infections ; Energy management ; Energy demand ; Energy sources ; Economic aspects ; Food security ; Water resource management ; River basin management ; Non governmental organizations ; Gender ; Early warning systems / Africa / Botswana / Vietnam / Bangladesh / India / Arab Countries / Middle East / Turkey / Africa South of Sahara / Asia / USA / Russia / Belarus / Ukraine / Israel / Palestine / Japan / Mali / Nnile River Basin / Tigris River Basin / Senegal River Basin / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.7 G000 BRA Record No: H043458)
(0.58 MB)
2 Fan, S.; Pandya-Lorch, R.; Yosef, S. (Eds.) 2014. Resilience for food and nutrition security. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 211p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896296787]
Food security ; Nutrition ; Food policies ; Food prices ; Climate change ; Weather hazards ; Farmers ; Agricultural extension ; Advisory services ; Pastoralism ; Conflict ; Refugees ; Rural poverty ; Households ; Gender ; Living standards ; Public health ; Social aspects ; Non governmental organizations ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Somalia / Kenya / Ethiopia / Djibouti / Yemen
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.1926 G000 FAN Record No: H046861)
http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/oc79.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046861.pdf
(3.87 MB) (3.87 MB)
3 South, A. 2009. Ethnic politics in Burma: states of conflict. Oxon, UK: Routledge. 277p. (Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series)
Political systems ; Ethnicity ; Civil societies ; Civil conflict ; Armed conflicts ; Militarism ; Governing bodies ; Humanities ; Refugees ; Migration ; State intervention ; International organizations ; Colonialism ; Democracy ; Social change ; Community development ; Case studies / Burma / Myanmar / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 305.8 G590 SOU Record No: H048601)
(0.34 MB)
4 Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.) 2018. Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 96p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2018.226]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Bioenergy ; Gender ; Role of women ; Equity ; Poverty ; Energy generation ; Energy demand ; Energy resources ; Renewable energy ; Cooking ; Heating ; Waste management ; Human wastes ; Excreta ; Fuels ; Briquettes ; Business enterprises ; Marketing ; Sanitation ; Urban areas ; Households ; Refugees ; Supply chain ; Production factors ; Health hazards ; Economic impact ; Biogas ; Biochar ; Biomass ; Investment ; Empowerment ; Living standards ; Farmers organizations ; Biodigesters ; Gasifiers ; Community involvement ; Research and development ; Case studies / Africa South of Sahara / Uganda / Ghana / Kenya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048999)
(3 MB)
There is a strong link between gender and energy in view of food preparation and the acquisition of fuel, especially in rural areas. This is demonstrated in a range of case studies from East and West Africa, where biochar, human waste and other waste resources have been used to produce briquettes or biogas as additional high-quality fuel sources. The synthesis of the cases concludes that resource recovery and reuse for energy offers an alternative to conventional centralized grid projects which, while attractive to investors and large-scale enterprises, do not necessarily provide job opportunities for marginalized communities. Reusing locally available waste materials for energy production and as soil ameliorant (in the case of biochar) in small enterprises allows women and youth who lack business capital to begin modest, locally viable businesses. The case studies offer concrete examples of small-scale solutions to energy poverty that can make a significant difference to the lives of women and their communities.
5 Karahalios, T.; Berner, C.; Njenga, M. 2018. Human waste-to-fuel briquettes as a sanitation and energy solution for refugee camps and informal urban settlements. In Njenga, M.; Mendum, R. (Eds.). Recovering bioenergy in Sub-Saharan Africa: gender dimensions, lessons and challenges. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). pp.7-14. (Resource Recovery and Reuse: Special Issue)
Urban areas ; Human wastes ; Excreta ; Fuels ; Briquettes ; Sanitation ; Refugees ; Informal settlements ; Energy generation / Kenya / Naivasha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049003)
(558 KB)
6 International Social Science Council (ISSC); Institute of Development Studies (IDS); UNESCO. 2016. World social science report 2016: challenging inequalities: pathways to a just world. Paris, France: UNESCO; International Social Science Council (ISSC). 359p.
Social sciences ; Gender equality ; Equity ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Economic growth ; Income distribution ; Remuneration ; Labour market ; Taxes ; Legal rights ; Natural resources ; Water availability ; Climate change ; Social classes ; Middle classes ; Racial discrimination ; Refugees ; Indigenous peoples ; Socioeconomic environment ; Poverty ; Public health ; Ebolavirus ; Social policies ; Strategies ; Education ; Publications ; Political aspects ; Institutions ; Conflicts ; Corruption / Africa South of Sahara / Russian Federation / USA / Latin America / Europe / Arab countries / South Africa / China / India / Brazil / Peru / Lebanon / Syrian Arab Republic / Egypt
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049212)
(7.50 MB) (7.50 MB)
7 Myint-U, T. 2020. The hidden history of Burma: race, capitalism, and the crisis of democracy in the 21st century. New York, NY, USA: W. W. Norton & Company. 288p.
History ; Political systems ; Democracy ; Capitalism ; Socialism ; Ethnicity ; Refugees ; Migration ; Civil conflict ; Economic growth ; Colonialism ; International organizations ; Rural development ; Community development / South East Asia / Myanmar / China / Irrawaddy River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 959.1053 G590 MYI Record No: H049477)
(0.15 MB)
8 Njenga, M.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Mendum, R.; Adam-Bradford, A.; Woldetsadik, D.; Okia, C. 2020. Circular economy solutions for resilient refugee and host communities in East Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 8p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) in Refugee Settlements in Africa: Project Brief Series 1)
Refugees ; Human settlements ; Communities ; Economic systems ; Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Resilience ; Food security ; Energy sources ; Water use ; Sustainability ; Gender ; Women ; Stakeholders ; Social aspects / East Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / Uganda / Tierkidi / Kule / Kalobeyei / Kakuma / Rhino / Imvepi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049941)
https://rrr-refugee.iwmi.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2020/09/rrr-in-refugee-settlements-in-africa-project-brief-series-no-1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049941.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049941.pdf
(0.97 MB) (990 KB)
9 Huijsmans, R. (Ed.) 2016. Generationing development: a relational approach to children, youth and development. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 335p. (Palgrave Studies on Children and Development) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55623-3]
Children ; Youth ; Child development ; Young workers ; Age groups ; Socioeconomic environment ; Economic development ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Gender ; Women ; Violence ; Discrimination ; Refugees ; Poverty ; Migration ; Migrants ; Labour ; Sex workers ; Agricultural sector ; Farmers ; Teachers ; Parents ; Livelihoods ; Education ; Schools ; Households ; Marriage ; Social aspects ; Rural communities ; Cash transfers ; Urban areas / Jordan / Canada / Vietnam / Ethiopia / Ghana / India / Ecuador / Burundi / Nova Scotia / Addis Ababa / Tamale / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy SF Record No: H049581)
10 Harris, G. D.; Barron, J.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Hussein, H.; Choi, G. (Eds.) 2021. Special issue on selected papers from 2019 World Water Week. Water, (Special issue with contributions by IWMI authors)
Water policy ; Water governance ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation ; Hygiene ; Gender ; Women's empowerment ; Water supply ; Rural areas ; Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Wastewater treatment ; Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Disaster risk reduction ; Flooding ; Drought ; Vulnerability ; Agricultural insurance ; International law ; Water law ; Water rights ; Conflicts ; Political aspects ; Displacement ; Refugees ; Water user associations ; Enterprises ; Financing / Middle East / North Africa / Latin America / Caribbean / Syrian Arab Republic / Lebanon / Jordan / Cambodia / India / Bangladesh / United Republic of Tanzania
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050271)
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/water/special_issues/2019_WWW
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050271_TOC.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050271_TOC.pdf
(0.50 MB)
11 Woldetsadik, D.; Llorent-Martinez, E. J.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Njenga, M.; Mendum, R.; Castillo-Lopez, R.; Fernandez-de Cordova, M. L.; Hailu, H.; Evans, C. T.; Madani, N.; Mafika, T. P.; Fleming, D. E. B. 2022. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in a refugee context in East Africa: kitchen gardening helps with mineral provision. SN Applied Sciences, 4(1):32. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6]
Food consumption ; Abelmoschus esculentus ; Refugees ; Settlement ; Domestic gardens ; Mineral content ; Recommended dietary allowances ; Nutrition ; Women ; Children ; Public health / East Africa / Ethiopia / Uganda / Gambella / Arua
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050848)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-021-04898-6.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050848.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050848.pdf
(2.20 MB) (2.20 MB)
Kitchen gardening is considered a way to reconnect with agriculture and complement the cereal-based relief food offered to refugees in East Africa. This work aimed at profiling mineral content of okra in four refugee camps and settlements located in Ethiopia and Uganda and its contribution to adequate intake (AIs) or recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for young children and pregnant and lactating women (PLW). The study also evaluated the applicability of portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) as compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for mineral profiling of okra powder samples. The contents of minerals (mg kg-1) from the ICP-MS readings were in the following ranges: K (14,385–33,294), Ca (2610–14,090), P (3178–13,248), Mg (3896–7986), Cu (3.81–19.3), Fe (75.7–1243), Zn (33–141) and Mn (23.1–261). Regardless of geographic origin, at low-end consumption probability (17 g day-1 for young children and 68 g day-1 for PLW), okra could contribute 15% (2.7–12.9%) AI for macro-minerals (K and Ca). In addition, the contributions to RDA values for Fe and Zn, elements of known public health interest, ranged from 4.5 to 34.7% for young children. Interestingly, regression lines revealed strong agreement between ICP-MS and PXRF readings for Mn and Zn, with R2 values>0.91. This information is useful in support of nutrition-sensitive kitchen gardening programs through scaling culturally important crops in refugee settings.
12 Fragaszy, S.; Belhaj Fraj, M.; McKee, M.; Jobbins, G.; Al-Karablieh, E.; Bergaoui, K.; Ghanim, A.; Lawrenson, L.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2022. MENAdrought synthesis of drought vulnerability in Jordan: final report. Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for the Bureau for the Middle East of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Washington, DC, USA: USAID; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 93p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2021.231]
Drought ; Vulnerability ; Risk management ; Impact assessment ; Action plans ; Agricultural sector ; Livestock ; Irrigated farming ; Weather hazards ; Coping strategies ; Water resources ; Water supply ; Surface water ; Groundwater ; Water management ; Water stress ; Resilience ; Water extraction ; Water scarcity ; Climate change ; Policies ; Communities ; Farmers ; Smallholders ; Food security ; Women ; Labour ; Households ; Poverty ; Livelihoods ; Refugees ; Migration ; Employment ; Stakeholders ; Governmental organizations ; Finance ; Debt ; Case studies / Middle East / Jordan / Azraq
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051017)
(3.04 MB)
13 Fragaszy, S.; Belhaj Fraj, M.; McKee, M.; Jobbins, G.; Fayad, A.; Fakih, M.; Lawrenson, L.; McDonnell, Rachael. 2022. MENAdrought synthesis of drought vulnerability in Lebanon: final report. Project report prepared by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) for the Bureau for the Middle East of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Washington, DC, USA: USAID; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 67p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2022.205]
Drought ; Vulnerability ; Risk management ; Impact assessment ; Policies ; Planning ; Coping strategies ; Risk reduction ; Monitoring ; Weather hazards ; Climate change ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water availability ; Agricultural sector ; Water supply ; Water use ; Irrigation ; Infrastructure ; Groundwater ; Water scarcity ; Stakeholders ; State intervention ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Market access ; Finance ; Debt ; Political aspects ; Socioeconomic impact ; Livelihoods ; Rural communities ; Food security ; Refugees ; Women ; Labour ; Case studies / Middle East / Lebanon / Hermel / Bekaa / Litani Basin / Orontes Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051018)
(2.79 MB)
14 Mendum, R.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Njenga, M. 2022. Gender integration strategy: approaches for research and development in a refugee context and other settings in Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 12p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) in Refugee Settlements in Africa: Project Brief Series 2)
Gender-transformative approaches ; Integration ; Strategies ; Research and development ; Refugees ; Human settlements ; Communities ; Social change ; Capacity development ; Training ; Communication ; Outreach ; Learning ; Stakeholders / Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051177)
(1.56 MB)
15 Adam-Bradford, A.; Mendum, R.; Njenga, M.; Woldetsadik, D.; Acanakwo, E. F.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie. 2022. Circular bio-economy innovations for resilient refugee and host communities in East Africa. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 12p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse (RRR) in Refugee Settlements in Africa: Project Brief Series 3)
Circular economy ; Bioeconomy ; Innovation ; Refugees ; Human settlements ; Communities ; Resilience ; Home gardens ; Agroforestry ; Cooking ; Energy ; Nexus approaches ; Briquettes ; Fuelwood ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Water availability ; Wastewater irrigation ; Gender ; Women ; Learning ; Training ; Stakeholders ; Households / East Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051445)
(1.95 MB)
16 Draper, J. 2022. Climate change and displacement: towards a pluralist approach. European Journal of Political Theory, 21p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/14748851221093446]
Climate change ; Displacement ; Refugees ; Migration ; Political aspects ; Institutions ; Insurance ; Extreme weather events ; Sea level ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051458)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/14748851221093446
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051458.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051458.pdf
(0.57 MB) (584 KB)
This paper sets out a research agenda for a political theory of climate displacement, by critically examining one prominent proposal—the idea of a normative status for ‘climate refugees’—and by proposing an alternative. Drawing on empirical work on climate displacement, I show that the concept of the climate refugee obscures the complexity and heterogeneity of climate displacement. I argue that, because of this complexity and heterogeneity, approaches to climate displacement that put the concept of the climate refugee at their centre will fail to treat like cases alike and relevantly different cases differently. In response to these failings, I outline an alternative—the pluralist theory of climate displacement—which confronts the specific challenges that climate displacement poses in different practical and institutional contexts, whilst also treating climate displacement as a unified phenomenon at the second-order level of burden-sharing.
17 Woldetsadik, D.; Hailu, H.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Adam-Bradford, A.; Mengistu, T.; Evans, C. T.; Madani, N.; Mafika, T. P.; Fleming, D. E. B. 2023. Estimating the potential of spices for mineral provision in a refugee context in East Africa. SN Applied Sciences, 5(1):1. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-022-05224-4]
Refugees ; Recommended dietary allowances ; Nutrition ; Spices ; Minerals ; Turmeric / East Africa / Ethiopia / Kenya / Uganda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051893)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-022-05224-4.pdf?pdf=button
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051893.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051893.pdf
(1.12 MB) (1.12 MB)
Micronutrient deficiency remains an enormous problem in refugee settings. Transforming refugees’ food systems through the scaling up of kitchen gardening and fortifying relief food crops with minor food components including nutrient-dense spices can help improve the quality of staple foods. Globally, spices are indispensable in the daily diet and play an important role in the socio-cultural setting of different communities. Forty turmeric and curry powder samples were collected from different market establishments and geographic locations in East Africa. The samples were analyzed for selected elements using Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (PXRF). The contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) and strontium (Sr) in turmeric powder were statistically different among geographic origins (Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda). We also aimed to determine if a small portion of spices (turmeric (5 g) and curry (4 g)) would contribute to an adequate intake (AI) or recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for selected minerals, for refugee men and women aged between 19 and 50 years as defined by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). For the reference groups, the contributions of turmeric and curry powder to AI/RDA for K, Ca and Zn varied between 0.48 to 4.13%. On the other hand, turmeric was identified to contribute > 20% AI/RDA for refugee men and women aged between 19 and 50 years for two micro minerals: manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). Considering turmeric and curry powder of East African origins are good sources of minerals and present acceptable toxic metal(loid)s loads coupled with low cost, these spices particularly turmeric should be more widely popularized and recommended for food-to-spice fortification among the refugee population located in East Africa.
18 Hiraide, L. A. 2023. Climate refugees: a useful concept? Towards an alternative vocabulary of ecological displacement. Politics, 43(2):267-282. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/02633957221077257]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051933)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/02633957221077257?download=true
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051933.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051933.pdf
(0.17 MB) (172 KB)
Against the background of climate scepticism and raging anti-immigrant sentiments across Europe, the politics of climate change and the politics of migration are fraught with tension. The two converge over discussions about ‘climate refugees’. But what merit does the term ‘climate refugee’ have, and are there potential problems associated with it? This article pays attention to how racialised discourses underwrite the concept of climate refugees in ways that further exclude already marginalised populations. In place of ‘climate refugees’, it proposes ‘ecological displacement’ as a notion which stresses how and why people are displaced within or across borders. While, indeed, anthropogenic climate change is a real threat to the livelihoods of humans (among other species), it is not the only environmental driver of displacement. By using the term ‘ecology’, this article argues that we allow for a description which encompasses other potential displacement drivers beyond climate change, such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, and political violence. Citing ‘displacement’ makes the term available to populations who are displaced by damaged ecologies both within and across borders, in and outside of Europe. The notion of ‘ecological displacement’ and ‘ecologically displaced people’ tries to rehumanise those carrying the heaviest social and climate burdens on a burning planet.
19 Bertassello, L.; Muller, M. F.; Wiechman, A.; Penny, G.; Tuninetti, M.; Muller-Itten, M. C. 2023. Food demand displaced by global refugee migration influences water use in already water stressed countries. Nature Communications, 14:2706. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38117-0]
Water availability ; Drought stress ; Refugees ; Migration ; Water security ; Water footprint ; Conflicts ; Water resources ; Water demand ; Virtual water ; Food production ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051998)
(1.26 MB) (1.26 MB)
Millions of people displaced by conflicts have found refuge in water-scarce countries, where their perceived effect on water availability has shaped local water security discourses. Using an annual global data set, we explain the effects of refugee migrations on the host countries’ water stress through the food demand displaced by refugees and the water necessary to produce that food. The water footprint of refugee displacement increased by nearly 75% globally between 2005 and 2016. Although minimal in most countries, implications can be severe in countries already facing severe water stress. For example, refugees may have contributed up to 75 percentage points to water stress in Jordan. While water considerations should not, alone, determine trade and migration policy, we find that small changes to current international food supply flows and refugee resettlement procedures can potentially ease the effect of refugee displacement on water stress in water-vulnerable countries.
20 Schindler, Alexandra; Singh, Radhika; Adam-Bradford, A.; Laauwen, M.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra. 2023. Anticipatory action in communities hosting refugees and internally displaced persons: an assessment of current approaches. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 24p. (IWMI Working Paper 212) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2024.200]
Refugees ; Internally displaced persons ; Communities ; Vulnerability ; Frameworks ; Food security ; Land ; Water systems ; Disaster preparedness ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Disaster risk reduction ; Mitigation ; Strategies ; Extreme weather events ; Flooding ; Drought ; Storms ; Cyclones ; Forecasting ; Early warning systems ; Fragility ; Conflicts ; Migration ; Assessment ; Policies ; Livelihoods ; Humanitarian organizations ; Case studies / Sahel / Nigeria / Bangladesh / Chad / Burkina Faso / Niger
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052491)
(1.03 MB)
This paper is a global literature review of anticipatory action approaches in communities hosting forcibly displaced persons. Anticipatory action, or a set of actions taken to prevent or mitigate a potential disaster before acute impacts are felt, is an essential strategy to reduce the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events. However, due to the complexity and diversity of host community environments, it has proven challenging to incorporate this approach into these contexts. This paper provides a review of the available data on water- and climate-related vulnerabilities in host communities to inform and strengthen anticipatory action approaches and climate adaptation initiatives. It also supports future research for the development of a replicable and scalable mixed-methods model called the Integrated Host Community Vulnerability Framework (IHCVF). This paper starts with a background and technical overview of anticipatory action as it is currently implemented by humanitarian and development organizations. This overview highlights the lack of research on how anticipatory action can take into account the specific vulnerabilities of host communities. The paper then provides a detailed definition of host communities, a term the authors use to refer to the context, institutions and structures within which forcibly displaced persons live, and encompasses both the hosts and the displaced. Finally, it reviews the early stages of development of the IHCVF, including operational needs, specific vulnerabilities to consider, and current gaps in the field that need to be covered with future research. Next, the paper analyzes the types of water- and climate-related vulnerabilities in host communities, and the anticipatory action approaches that organizations are undertaking in those communities, using case studies from Bangladesh, Nigeria and Sahel. The data from these case studies show how existing host community vulnerabilities and food, land and water-related stresses can compound disasters for hosts and forcibly displaced people when impacted by extreme weather events, conflict, disease outbreaks, and food insecurity. Finally, this paper ends with a few conclusions about gaps in the data, including a lack of anticipatory action strategies that prioritize long-term outcomes such as resilience building and adaptation, and the need for guidance on how to better implement anticipatory action and forecast-based humanitarian action in conflict situations. It recommends further research on water- and climate-related vulnerabilities in communities hosting forcibly displaced people to provide practical guidance to inform future programming.
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