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1 Ahmad, S.; Iqbal, J.. 2016. Transboundary impact assessment of Indian dams: a case study of Chenab River Basin in perspective of Indus water treaty. Water Policy, 18(3):545-564. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.137]
International waters ; Impact assessment ; Dams ; River basins ; International cooperation ; Treaties ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Water quality ; Flow discharge ; Land cover ; Riparian zones ; Downstream ; Case studies / India / Pakistan / Chenab River Basin / Indus Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047606)
(0.52 MB)
Several transboundary rivers are being shared in South Asia by neighbouring states within a certain framework. A comparative analysis of the Indus Water Treaty has been carried out with other South Asian water treaties while suggesting measures to enhance mutual cooperation over shared rivers between India and Pakistan. With a specific focus on Chenab River, transboundary impact assessments of Indian dams have been carried out keeping in view the aspects of quantity, quality and temporal change in river course. A decreasing trend and significant fluctuation in river discharge was observed with an average decrease of 0.5 billion (109 ) cubic metres per year in annual inflow. In terms of water quality, pH (7.90 to 8.06), nitrates and other parameters were found within permissible limits. Total coliform (34 to 280 no/100 ml) and faecal coliform (21 to 193 no/100 ml) values were higher than permissible limits in three streams, whereas Escherichia coli was found +ve in only the Jummu Tawi River. Water was found unsuitable for drinking while suitable for agriculture and aquatic life. Temporal analysis shows significant change in river course over a span of 40 years. As a result of impact assessment evolving threats and their remedial measures have been suggested.
2 Akhtar, S. M.; Iqbal, J.. 2017. Assessment of emerging hydrological, water quality issues and policy discussion on water sharing of transboundary Kabul River. Water Policy, 19(4):650-672. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.119]
International waters ; International cooperation ; Hydrological factors ; Water quality ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Water policy ; Water resources ; Water management ; Treaties ; Conflict ; Satellite imagery ; Remote sensing ; River basins ; Flow discharge ; Flood control ; Temporal variation ; Models / Pakistan / Afghanistan / Kabul River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048231)
(1.17 MB)
Transboundary water sharing policy between Pakistan and Afghanistan along with emerging issues over the Transboundary Kabul River have been discussed incorporating long-term hydrological trend analysis, water quality issues and temporal changes in land cover/land use. The annual (1977–2015) mean river flow of 26.32 billion (109 ) cubic metres (BCM) with a range of 13.77 to 42.2 BCM and standard deviation of 6.026 BCM revealed no significant trend in annual inflow data of the Kabul River. Afghanistan planned developments in the basin were analysed in the light of reduction in the transboundary flow. Faecal coliforms, pH (7.90 to 8.06), Escherichia coli and other water quality parameters were found to be within permissible limits, however, dissolved oxygen was just above the permissible limits to sustain aquatic life. Water was found unsuitable for drinking while suitable for agriculture and aquatic life. Remote sensing data used for temporal change detection showed an increase in built-up-areas and cultivated areas along Kabul River inside Pakistan by 50 and 47%, respectively. Significant changes were observed at two locations in the river course. Insights of emerging Kabul River issues and a way forward have been discussed which could serve as the basis for formulation of adaption strategies leading to a ‘Kabul River Water Treaty’.
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