Your search found 16 records
1 Dessalegn, Mengistu; Merrey, D. J. 2014. Is ‘Social Cooperation’ for traditional irrigation, while ‘Technology’ is for motor pump irrigation? Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 37p. (IWMI Research Report 161) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.201]
Social aspects ; Cooperation ; Traditional farming ; Small scale farming ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation methods ; Agriculture ; Technology ; Pumps ; Rural areas ; Poverty ; Productivity ; Groundwater ; Water resources ; Farmers ; Rivers ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H046837)
(854 KB)
Based on a case study in Ethiopia, this paper shows that while farmers understand the social nature of community-managed irrigation, they share a narrow understanding of pump irrigation with policymakers as being primarily ‘technical’. They perceive pumps as liberating them from the ‘social’ limitations of traditional communal irrigation. However, the rapid expansion of pump irrigation is leading to increasing competition and conflict over limited water resources. We analyze the wider implications for Africa of this lack of visibility of the social dimension of pump irrigation, and offer suggestions for future policy and applied research to address the problem before it becomes a widespread crisis.
2 Haile, Alemseged Tamiru; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Alemu, E. 2014. Household adaptation to flood in Itang district of Gambela region in Ethiopia. Water - Ethiopian Journal of Water Science and Technology, Special Issue. 3(1):161-167. [Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Sustainable Water Resources Development, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, 27-28 June 2013]
Households ; Natural disasters ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Flooding ; Drought ; Food consumption ; Crop production ; Living standards ; Livestock ; Economic aspects / Ethiopia / Gambela Region / Itang
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046872)
3 Dessalegn, Mengistu; Merrey, D. J. 2015. Motor pump revolution in Ethiopia: promises at a crossroads. Water Alternatives, 8(2):237-257.
Irrigation systems ; Small scale farming ; Pumping ; Community management ; Aquifers ; Farmers ; Case studies / Asia / Africa South of Sahara / Ethiopia / Fogera
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047056)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol8/v8issue2/289-a8-2-12/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047056.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047056.pdf
(0.81 MB) (832.19 KB)
In sub-Saharan Africa, motor pump irrigation is at an earlier stage than in Asia but is growing rapidly in many countries. The focus of both policy and research in Africa to date has been on facilitating supply chains to make pumps available at a reasonable price. In Africa, pump irrigation is mainly based on two sources: shallow groundwater aquifers and small streams and rivers. Both usually have limited and variable yields. We present a case study from Ethiopia where pump irrigation based on small rivers and streams is expanding rapidly, and draw parallels to experiences in Asia and other African countries. We show that while farmers understand the social nature of community-managed irrigation, they share with policymakers a narrow understanding of pump irrigation as being primarily 'technical'. They perceive pumps as liberating them from the 'social' limitations of traditional communal irrigation. However, the rapid expansion of pump irrigation is leading to increasing competition and conflict over the limited water resource. We analyse the wider implications for Africa of this blindness to the social dimension of pump irrigation and offer suggestions on future policy and applied research to address the problem before it becomes a widespread crisis.
4 Mekuria, Wolde; Barron, Jennie; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Adimassu, Zenebe; Amare, T.; Wondie, M. 2017. Exclosures for ecosystem restoration and economic benefits in Ethiopia: a catalogue of management options. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 28p. (WLE Research for Development (R4D) Learning Series 4) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.204]
Research and development ; Learning ; Capacity building ; Ecosystems ; Economic situation ; Stakeholders ; Smallholders ; Livestock production ; Milk production ; Woodlands ; Habitats ; Renewable energy ; Energy sources ; Natural resources management ; Gender ; Women ; Youth ; Guidelines ; Governance ; State intervention ; Local communities ; Community involvement ; Land use ; Land management ; Land degradation ; Living standards ; Income ; Fodder plants ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Watershed management ; Management techniques ; Sustainability ; Risk reduction ; Private sector ; Public sector / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048081)
(3 MB)
5 Dessalegn, Mengistu; Nicol, Alan; Debevec, Liza. 2020. From poverty to complexity?: the challenge of out-migration and development policy in Ethiopia. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 8p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 2)
Migration ; Development policies ; Governance ; Labour mobility ; Migrants ; Agriculture ; Employment ; Remittances ; Rural areas ; Urban areas ; Poverty / Africa / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049561)
http://agrumig.iwmi.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/41/2020/01/Policy-Brief-Series-No.-2.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049561.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049561.pdf
(1.35 MB) (1.35 MB)
This brief assesses the current state of migration-related policies in Ethiopia, and provides some early recommendations and policy pointers based on work carried out under the AGRUMIG project. In Ethiopia, the scale of migration and its impacts on rural and urban transformations are underestimated and probably increasing. There is a lack of a coherent national migration policy in the country, which is a potential development hindrance. Establishing a national migration policy and improving bilateral arrangements with receiving countries could help Ethiopia reap greater positive impacts from migration and remittance income, including assisting in crucial processes of social transformation in rural areas.
6 Nicol, Alan; Abdoubaetova, A.; Wolters, A.; Kharel, A.; Murzakolova, A.; Gebreyesus, A.; Lucasenco, E.; Chen, F.; Sugden, F.; Sterly, H.; Kuznetsova, I.; Masotti, M.; Vittuari, M.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Aderghal, M.; Phalkey, N.; Sakdapolrak, P.; Mollinga, P.; Mogilevskii, R.; Naruchaikusol, S. 2020. Between a rock and a hard place: early experience of migration challenges under the Covid-19 pandemic. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 22p. (IWMI Working Paper 195) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.216]
Migration ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Labour market ; Migrant labour ; Unemployment ; Livelihoods ; Health hazards ; Income ; Remittances ; Economic activities ; Poverty ; Social inequalities ; Food supply ; Households ; Rural areas ; State intervention ; Governance ; Quarantine ; Travel restrictions ; Border closures ; Policies ; Assessment ; Uncertainty / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050125)
(1.92 MB)
This working paper was produced under the European Union Horizon 2020 funded AGRUMIG project and traces the impact of Covid-19 on migration trends in seven project countries – China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
The context of global migration has changed dramatically due to the coronavirus pandemic. Both within and between countries there has been a substantial curtailment of movement. As a result of multiple lockdowns, economic activity has severely declined and labor markets have ground to a halt, with mass unemployment in industrialized economies looming on the horizon. For both migrant hosting and origin countries – some are substantially both – this poses a set of complex development challenges.
Partners of the AGRUMIG project undertook a rapid review of impacts across project countries, exploring the impacts on rural households but also identifying the persistent desire to migrate in spite of restrictions.
7 Murzakulova, A.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Phalkey, N. 2021. Examining migration governance: evidence of rising insecurities due to COVID-19 in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand. Comparative Migration Studies, 9:44. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00254-0]
Migration ; Governance ; Livelihoods ; Policies ; Migrants ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics / Asia / Africa / Europe / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050732)
https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40878-021-00254-0.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050732.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050732.pdf
(0.49 MB) (505 KB)
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the context of global migration. From a migration perspective, the pandemic is a source of insecurities that challenge migrants, their livelihoods and migration governance. Meanwhile, curtailment in movement has led to economic decline affecting labour markets. For migrant origin and hosting countries, this poses multidimensional development challenges. Analysis from March to August 2020 of China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand highlights the varying ways in which they are all severely affected by the disruptions in migration, suggesting a potentially emerging complex situation in migration patterns and pathways. The disruptions in migration and remittances have had a profound impact on migrants and migrant-sending households. The uncertainty of migration returning to pre-pandemic levels and the potential of lasting consequences on migrants and migration patterns and pathways, suggests a future of greater risk and exploitation, and a wider gap between formal and informal migration. This paper calls for greater mobility cooperation between countries and suggests strengthening mobility migration frameworks and policies for safer migration and for the rights of migrants.
8 Dessalegn, Mengistu; Nicol, Alan. 2022. Migration and COVID-19 in context: labor migration in Ethiopia and its implications for policy responses. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 8p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 6)
Migration ; Migrant labour ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Labour mobility ; Policies ; Governance ; State intervention ; Employment ; Livelihoods ; Remittances ; Rural areas ; Households / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051231)
(4.19 MB)
9 Polaine, X. K.; Nicol, Alan; Amezaga, J.; Berihun, M.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru. 2022. Problemscapes and hybrid water security systems in Central Ethiopia. Frontiers in Water, 4:800926. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.800926]
Water security ; Water resources ; Water management ; Urbanization ; Agriculture ; Land use change / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051571)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frwa.2022.800926/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051571.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051571.pdf
(1.96 MB) (1.96 MB)
Water management has followed a basin unit paradigm for several decades. This framing often inherits a pre-defined spatial and institutional boundary of analysis, one that largely fails to account for various externalities influencing water security beyond the hydrological unit. Moving away from this established basin-scale analysis, we present the concept of problemscapes, a systems approach for understanding how multiple physical and social drivers surrounding (and as part of) contextual water systems determine how they work and, ultimately, the outcomes in terms of the water security they provide. By first discussing the concept of boundaries for water paradigms, we argue that problemscapes can help us understand water security as a more dynamic and hybrid system by adapting these boundaries; enabling a clearer understanding of leverage points, interconnections and possible strategic solutions to longer-term water security challenges. We apply the method for establishing and utilizing a problemscape analysis across the Central Rift Valley, Upper Awash, and Abbay basins, as well as the capital city of Addis Ababa. The interactions in this part of Central Ethiopia are notoriously complex, with sets of critical water management issues at national and international scale, hybrid water security challenges across user communities, and contested management at different scales amidst multiple, and sometimes competing, ideologies. We show that problemscaping as an approach could support future planning decisions for long-term water security by enabling a systems perspective to emerge where complexity and connectivity between actors, institutions, and physical and social entities is considered.
10 Mekuria, Wolde; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Amare, D.; Belay, B.; Getnet, B.; Girma, G.; Tegegne, Desalegn. 2022. Factors influencing the implementation of agroecological practices: lessons drawn from the Aba-Garima Watershed, Ethiopia. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:965408. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.965408]
Agroecology ; Environmental protection ; Watersheds ; Food security ; Households ; Income ; Land use ; Land cover ; Farmers ; Socioeconomic aspects / Ethiopia / Aba-Garima Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051643)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.965408/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051643.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051643.pdf
(1.57 MB) (1.57 MB)
The challenges to agroecological transitions are not the same for all farmers and implementation of agroecological practices in different locations could yield different results. With this consideration, this study was conducted in Aba-Garima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia to characterize the structure and activities of farming households and assess factors influencing the implementation and sustainability of agroecological practices. Data were collected from 218 households, 16 key informants, and 12 focus group discussions. The Multivariate Probit model and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze factors influencing farmers’ choices of different agroecological practices and describe the characteristics of farming households. The qualitative data analysis was processed through topic coding and building categories, themes, and patterns of relationships. Farmers realize the importance of both farm and landscape level agroecological practices to enhance income earning capacity, achieve food security and protect the environment. However, most of the agroecological practices are very difficult to start using for various constraining factors including limited access to water, and shortages of money, land and labor. The results suggest that depending on different socioeconomic characteristics of farming households, agroecological practices that appear common practices can be very difficult to use for some farmers, while it would be possible for other farmers. The constraining factors are also differently associated with different practices, involving diverse perspectives of different socioeconomic groups. The paper discussed the existing agroecological practices, the perspectives of different socio-economic groups on these practices and the factors influencing the implementation as well as the conditions that can facilitate the wider adoption of agroecological practices in the study area.
11 Dessalegn, Mengistu; Debevec, L.; Nicol, Alan; Ludi, E. 2023. A critical examination of rural out-migration studies in Ethiopia: considering impacts on agriculture in the sending communities. Land, 12(1):176. (Special issue: The Impact of Rural Out-Migration on Land Use Transition) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010176]
Migration ; Rural areas ; Labour ; Agriculture ; Communities ; Household food security ; Farmland ; Land management ; Livelihoods ; Environmental factors ; Climate variability ; Social networks ; Women ; Remittances ; Investment / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051664)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/1/176/pdf?version=1672910817
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051664.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051664.pdf
(0.28 MB) (291 KB)
Labor migration is a complex phenomenon, yet while much attention has been paid to understanding the drivers of migration, there is a huge knowledge and policy gap regarding the effects of migration on people and communities left behind. We sought to explore the impacts of rural outmigration on migrant-sending communities in Ethiopia. This remains an understudied topic when it comes to research on migration in Ethiopia. Our investigation is based on a critical review of the migration literature pertaining to Ethiopia and, more broadly. We pursued a holistic analysis of the multidimensional aspects of migration. There are indications that rural outmigration impacts involve issues related to remittances, household food security, agricultural labor use, farmland management, and rural infrastructure development. Our analysis revealed that there had been few systematic studies and limited analyses regarding the impacts of outmigration on agriculture and the livelihoods of rural people and households left behind. Instead, Ethiopia’s migration literature largely deals with migration’s causes, including environmental factors, climate variability, agricultural pressures, livelihood stresses, and changing aspirations.
12 Kharel, A.; Sugden, F.; Dessalegn, Mengistu. 2023. Labor shortage and changes in land use patterns: experiences from migrant communities in Ethiopia and Nepal. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 7p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 11)
Labour shortage ; Land use change ; Migrant labour ; Migration ; Communities ; Governance ; Agriculture ; Mechanization ; Cropping patterns ; Policies ; Farmers ; Households / Ethiopia / Nepal / Bhojpur / Dhanusha / Gamo Highlands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051760)
(760 KB)
13 Mollinga, P.; Lamba, A.; Aderghal, M.; Amzil, L.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Masotti, M.; Murzakulova, A.; Kharel, A.; Sugden, F.; Pagogna, R.; Fengbo, C.; Jian, C. 2023. Making sense of diversity in agrarian and rural change outcomes of labor out-migration through comparative analysis: first lessons from China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 8p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 24)
Labour ; Migration ; Migrants ; Governance ; Diversity ; Agrarian structure ; Rural development ; Policies ; Remittances ; Households ; Agriculture ; Livelihoods ; Land concentration ; Environmental factors ; Comparative analysis / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052014)
(3.01 MB)
14 Lamba, A.; Sugden, F.; Aderghal, M.; Fengbo, C.; Pagogna, R.; Masotti, M.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Murzakulova, A.; Kharel, A.; Amzil, L.; Stirba, V.; Kuznetsova, I.; Vittuari, M.; Jian, C.; Crivellaro, F.; Naruchaikusol, S.; Lucasenco, E.; Mogilevskii, R.; Mollinga, P.; Phalkey, N.; Bhattarai, S. 2023. Migration governance and agrarian and rural development: comparative lessons from China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 12p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 25)
Migration ; Governance ; Migrant labour ; Agrarian structure ; Rural development ; Policies ; Employment ; Training ; Impact assessment ; Monitoring and evaluation ; Financing ; Political aspects ; Communities / China / Ethiopia / Kyrgyzstan / Republic of Moldova / Morocco / Nepal / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052005)
(2.28 MB)
The purpose of this policy brief is to draw together key comparative lessons on different types of migration governance interventions in the AGRUMIG project research regions and examine how they support positive feedback loops between migration and agrarian and rural development. This exploration offers stories of success and omission. Moving beyond the elusive triple-win situation on the benefits of migration for destination and origin countries, migrants themselves and the highly politicized domain of the migration-development nexus, our point of departure is that there are vital prospects for augmenting the positive impacts of migration for societies globally. This brief focuses on how migration governance interventions are potentially useful in maximizing the gains between migration and agrarian development in the sending communities in China, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Morocco, Nepal and Thailand.
15 Dessalegn, Mengistu. 2023. Internal migration and agricultural labor mobility issues and policies in Ethiopia. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 4p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 17)
Migration ; Governance ; Agriculture ; Labour mobility ; Policies ; Rural areas ; Households ; Employment ; Remittances ; Decision making ; Livestock / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa / Gamo Highlands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052222)
(3.89 MB)
Ethiopia’s economy is dominated by agriculture, contributing 45% to 50% of gross domestic product (GDP) and employing 70% of the active workforce. Most farming remains characterized by smallholder plots, with rainfed systems predominating, yet increasingly vulnerable because of uncertain rainfall and temperature patterns. In addition, due to a complex of factors, farmland frequently suffers from the depletion of soil nutrients. As a result of too few new jobs and the rapidly expanding economically active population, about two million more people are added annually to the labor market. As a result, there is considerable international migration to the Gulf States, South Africa, Europe and North America. Internal rural-to-urban migration is also common, mainly to major cities and towns, especially to Addis Ababa and other major centers in south and southwest Ethiopia.
16 Sugden, F.; Aderghal, M.; Fengbo, C.; Jian, C.; Crivellaro, F.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Kharel, A.; Gupta, S.; Kuznetsova, I.; Naruchaikusol, S.; Masotti, M.; Amzil, L.; Murzakulova, A.; Mogilevskii, R.; Mollinga, P.; Nigussie, Likimyelesh; Pagogna, R.; Stratan, A.; Vittuari, M. 2023. Migration and its two-way relationship with rural change: lessons from China, Ethiopia, Moldova, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Thailand. [Policy Brief of the Migration Governance and Agricultural and Rural Change (AGRUMIG) Project]. London, UK: SOAS University of London. 12p. (AGRUMIG Policy Brief Series 23)
Migration ; Governance ; Labour ; Rural development ; Livelihoods ; Households ; Communities ; Farmers ; Investment ; Remittances ; Policies ; Agriculture ; Gender ; Women / China / Ethiopia / Republic of Moldova / Nepal / Kyrgyzstan / Morocco / Thailand
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052213)
(6.16 MB)
The AGRUMIG project was a comparative analysis of experiences from Europe, Asia and Africa, and explored the impact of migration on the trajectory of agricultural change in rural areas. This brief reviews the findings of our seven-country study. The research focused on 19 remittance-dependent communities in seven countries: China, Ethiopia, Moldova, Nepal, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Thailand.
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