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1 Hathoot, H. M.. Artificial protection of soil against an upward potential gradient. ICID Bulletin, 30(2):44-48.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 1175 Record No: H05131)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H013358)
The problem of a lateral pipe with equally spaced emitters and uniform slope is investigated. Individual emitters are considered in discharge and pressure estimations along the lateral. The friction head loss between successive emitters is estimated by the Darcy-Weisbach formula, taking into account the variation of the Reynolds number, the different zones on Moody diagram, and the friction coefficient formula corresponding to each zone. In addition, the change of the velocity head is accounted for at different emitters. As the net pressure head at each emitter is evaluated, the corresponding emitter discharge is estimated accordingly. A computer program is presented for analyzing and designing trickle- irrigation laterals. The results of two numerical examples solved using the presented technique are in close agreement with those of the other rational analysis. Laminar flow prevails in a considerable length at the downstream end of the lateral, whereas an upstream length may be subject to fully turbulent flow. The estimation of the lower-quarter distribution uniformity shows that considering individual emitters rather than longitudinal slot is of practical importance. Design criteria for trickle-irrigation laterals are provided.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H014414)
This paper addresses a new design technique for sprinkler irrigation laterals with equally spaced sprinklers and constant longitudinal slope. The technique uses the Darcy-Weisbach friction formula and accounts for the variation of the friction coefficient for the significant practical portion on a Moody diagram. The head loss in sprinkler risers as well as losses in lateral pipe fittings are considered. A computer program employing this technique is designed so as to provide sprinkler outflows and pressure head distributions along the lateral pipe. The results from two numerical examples are compared with results obtained from a widely used classical method. In some cases it is found that designs are substantially different.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H020048)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026566)
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