Your search found 7 records
1 Bangwayo-Skeete, P. F.; Zikhali, Precious. 2011. Social exclusion and labour market outcomes: evidence from eastern Europe and central Asia. International Journal of Development Issues, 10(3):233-250. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951111165368]
Labour market ; Employment ; Risks ; Social security ; Social problems ; Surveys ; Statistics ; Models ; Market economies ; Policy / Eastern Europe / Central Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044432)
(0.13 MB)
Purpose – The paper seeks to examine the impact of social exclusion on individuals’ propensity to be employed and how, if employed, social exclusion affects individuals’ perceived job insecurity and the likelihood of being covered by social insurance in their jobs.Design/methodology/approach – Using the United Nations Development Program/United Nations Children Fund 2009 survey data from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the paper employs comprehensive econometric methods that overcome challenges posed by endogeneity of social exclusion in labour market outcomes, self-selection into employment, and the interdependency between perceptions of job security and social insurance coverage.Findings – Results suggest that socially excluded individuals face hurdles in securing jobs and exhibit higher risk of job loss. Further, results suggest that a holistic educational policy could help promote social inclusion.Practical implications – Formulation of policies aimed at promoting social inclusion and improved labour market outcomes should not be done in isolation; rather they should be based on a holistic understanding of the multi-faceted nature of social exclusion.Originality/value – The originality of the analysis is that it takes into account the multi-dimensional nature of social exclusion by treating social exclusion as an outcome of a diverse set of an individual’s socio-economic characteristics that ultimately shape the way they feel about their exclusion or inclusion in their societies. This gives an indication of the types of people that are socially excluded and form the group for which a further investigation of labour market outcomes is conducted.
2 Musaba, Emmanuel; Chilonda, Pius; Matchaya, Greenwell. 2013. Impact of government sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Malawi, 1980-2007. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2):71-78.
Economic growth ; Government ; Expenditure ; Agricultural sector ; Education ; Health ; Defence ; Social security ; Transport ; Communication ; Energy ; Models / Malawi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045829)
http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEDS/article/download/4128/4144
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045829.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045829.pdf
(0.40 MB) (410.46KB)
This paper examines the impact of government sectoral expenditure on economic growth in Malawi. Using time series data from 1980 to 2007, cointegration analysis in the context of an error correction model was employed to estimate the growth effects of government expenditures in agriculture, education, health, defence, social protection and transport and communication. The short run results showed no significant relationship between government sectoral expenditure and economic growth. The long run results showed a significant positive effect on economic growth of expenditure on agriculture and defence. The expenditures on education, health, social protection and transportation and communication were negatively related to economic growth. To boost economic growth efficient management of resources allocated to all sectors should be emphasized.
3 Foucault, M.; Faubion, J. D. (Ed.); Hurley, R. et al. (Trans.). 2000. Essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 3: power. New York, NY, USA: The New Press. 484p.
Philosophy ; Sociology ; Political aspects ; Medical sciences ; Public health ; Human rights ; Social security ; Government ; Legal aspects ; Psychiatry ; Law enforcement / France
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 194 G906 FOU Record No: H047600)
(0.27 MB)
4 Swaminathan, M. S. 2015. Combating hunger and achieving food security. New Delhi, India: Cambridge University Press. 167p.
Food security ; Nutrition ; Right to food ; Food wastes ; Hunger ; Famine ; Agricultural development ; Alternative agriculture ; Heritability ; Ecology ; Biodiversity conservation ; Biofuels ; Agricultural production ; Crop yield ; Rice ; Wheat ; Agricultural research ; Livestock production ; Aquaculture ; Monsoon climate ; Sustainability ; Agrarian reform ; Role of women ; Social security ; Child care ; Youth ; Financial institutions ; Inflation / India / Bengal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 363.80954 G635 SWA Record No: H047806)
(0.28 MB)
5 Gao, J.; Mills, B. F. 2018. Weather shocks, coping strategies, and consumption dynamics in rural Ethiopia. World Development, 101:268-283. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.09.002]
Weather hazards ; Resilience ; Coping strategies ; Rain ; Temperature ; Household consumption ; Rural poverty ; Social security ; Villages ; Rural areas ; Models / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048485)
(2.23 MB)
Rural households adopt a broad range of strategies to cope with adverse weather shocks. Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of individual coping strategies in mitigating the impact of adverse weather shocks, but no study to date has presented a comprehensive evaluation of alternative coping strategies. We employ household panel data spanning 15 years to estimate the impact of weather shocks on consumption and poverty dynamics in rural Ethiopia, along with the effectiveness of household coping strategies in alleviating the impact of shocks. We find that rainfall increases are positively associated with per adult equivalent consumption, while high temperatures are negatively associated with consumption. In terms of household coping strategies, formal social safety net transfers mitigate the impact of adverse rainfall shocks on consumption and off-farm employment mitigates the impact of high-temperature shocks. Simulations suggest that rainfall shocks and formal social safety net transfers significantly influence household poverty dynamics. By contrast, high-temperature shocks and off-farm employment have less impact on poverty dynamics. The results highlight the need for social protection programs that support existing household coping strategies and that can rapidly respond to weather shocks.
6 Khanna, A. 2020. Impact of migration of labour force due to global COVID-19 pandemic with reference to India. Journal of Health Management, 22(2):181-191. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0972063420935542]
Migrant labour ; Coronavirus disease ; Pandemics ; Work force ; Employment ; Social security ; Public health ; Households ; Income ; Economic aspects ; Policies / India / Delhi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049910)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0972063420935542
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049910.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049910.pdf
(0.60 MB) (612 KB)
This article discussed some of the important issues regarding the effect of epidemics like COVID-19 on the migrant population. These impacts are most troubling for low-income households, which are less well positioned to cope with earnings losses during a recession, have no alternative earnings and have no social security available. Most of these workers earn little more than a subsistence wage and have no other means to protect their incomes if they lose their jobs. Migrant workers constitute quite a large proportion of such vulnerable population.
Millions of migrant workers are anticipated to be left unemployed in India due to the lockdown and subsequent fear of recession. Many of the migrant workers have returned to their villages, and many more are just waiting for the lockdown to be lifted. The risk is particularly higher for those who are working in unorganised sectors, and those who do not have writer contracts, or those whose contracts are at the verge of completion. The lockdown and the subsequent recession are likely to first hit contract workers across many of the industries.
On the one hand, lockdowns and social distancing measures are drying up jobs and incomes, whereas they are likely to disrupt agricultural production, transportation systems, and supply chains on the other. This poses a challenge of ensuring food security and controlling already rampant malnutrition, particularly among children, which is likely to result in increased infant and child mortality. There is a need to relook at the national migration policies, which should accommodate the assistance and protection of migrants arriving from, or faced with the prospect of returning to, areas affected by health crises. Also, there is a need to establish resilient food systems that could reduce food insecurity and the pressure to return to origin among migrants.
Millions of migrant workers are anticipated to be left unemployed in India due to the lockdown and subsequent fear of recession. Many of the migrant workers have returned to their villages, and many more are just waiting for the lockdown to be lifted. The risk is particularly higher for those who are working in unorganised sectors, and those who do not have writer contracts, or those whose contracts are at the verge of completion. The lockdown and the subsequent recession are likely to first hit contract workers across many of the industries.
On the one hand, lockdowns and social distancing measures are drying up jobs and incomes, whereas they are likely to disrupt agricultural production, transportation systems, and supply chains on the other. This poses a challenge of ensuring food security and controlling already rampant malnutrition, particularly among children, which is likely to result in increased infant and child mortality. There is a need to relook at the national migration policies, which should accommodate the assistance and protection of migrants arriving from, or faced with the prospect of returning to, areas affected by health crises. Also, there is a need to establish resilient food systems that could reduce food insecurity and the pressure to return to origin among migrants.
7 Molla, S. D.; Zeleke, M. T.; Tamiru, S. M. 2024. Assessing livelihood resilience in drought-affected areas: lessons from Raya Kobo District, Northeast Ethiopia. Heliyon, 10(1):E23399. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23399]
Drought ; Resilience ; Livelihoods ; Households ; Infrastructure ; Diversification ; Vulnerability ; Social security ; Social capital ; Livestock ; Human capital ; Indicators ; Water harvesting ; Natural capital / Ethiopia / Amhara Region / Raya Kobo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052737)
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2405-8440%2823%2910607-4
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052737.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052737.pdf
(1.71 MB) (1.71 MB)
In comparison to other types of resilience, livelihood resilience in the context of climate-related extremes like droughts is grounded in actual-life scenarios with the purpose of carefully assessing and improving the resiliency of individuals, households, communities, and nations. This study assesses households' livelihood resilience to droughts in Raya Kobo District. A mixed approach with a concurrent research design was used to achieve this goal. The quantitative data were collected from 354 randomly selected survey respondents, while the qualitative data were collected from purposefully chosen FGD and KI participants. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models were employed to analyse the quantitative data, whereas thematic data analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data through the creation of major and sub-themes. To determine households’ livelihood resilience, the livelihood resilience index (LRI) was measured using thirty-eight indicators of resilience based on the five livelihood assets. The study identified fifteen latent dimensions, such as infrastructure, technology, water harvesting scheme, land quality, cropping season, household working capacity, farm experience, educational status, social trust, risk response, social security, support service, income, crop diversity, and assets. The average score of these latent dimensions is 0.3999, suggesting that households in the study area are less resilient. The MLR results show a positive association between the latent dimensions and LRI and the relative importance of the latent dimensions for LRI. These findings provide significant policy implications regarding mitigating vulnerability, strengthening resilience, and establishing pathways out of livelihood insecurity. Education, healthcare, road construction, agricultural inputs (pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, and improved seeds), irrigation technologies (small-scale drip irrigation systems and human-powered pedals), income diversification, social trust, risk response, social security, support services, and asset building should be the focus of policymakers.
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