Your search found 17 records
1 Rao, Krishna C.; Kvarnstrom, E.; Di Mario, L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2016. Business models for fecal sludge management. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 80p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 06) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.213]
Faecal sludge ; Resource management ; Resource recovery ; Recycling ; Business management ; Models ; Waste disposal ; Desludging ; Dumping ; Sewerage ; Waste treatment ; Waste water treatment plants ; Solid wastes ; Pollution ; Composts ; Public health ; Sanitation ; Latrines ; Defaecation ; Stakeholders ; Finance ; Cost recovery ; Energy recovery ; Biogas ; Organic fertilizers ; Private enterprises ; Institutions ; Partnerships ; Licences ; Regulations ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Nutrients ; Taxes ; Farmers ; Urban areas ; Landscape ; Household ; Incentives ; Case studies / Asia / Africa / Latin America / South Africa / Kenya / India / Rwanda / Nepal / Philippines / Lesotho / Bangladesh / Mozambique / Ghana / Senegal / Benin / Sierra Leone / Malaysia / Ethiopia / Vietnam / Mali / Sri Lanka / Burkina Faso / Peru / Haiti / Dakar / Nairobi / Maseru / Accra / Tamale / Addis Ababa / Eastern Cape / Maputo / Dhaka / Ho Chi Minh City / Hai Phong / Dumaguete / Mombasa / Kisumu / San Fernando / Bamako / Cotonou / Ouagadougou / Kigali / Bangalore / Dharwad / Balangoda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047826)
(4.75 MB)
On-site sanitation systems, such as septic tanks and pit latrines, are the predominant feature across rural and urban areas in most developing countries. However, their management is one of the most neglected sanitation challenges. While under the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the set-up of toilet systems received the most attention, business models for the sanitation service chain, including pit desludging, sludge transport, treatment and disposal or resource recovery, are only emerging. Based on the analysis of over 40 fecal sludge management (FSM) cases from Asia, Africa and Latin America, this report shows opportunities as well as bottlenecks that FSM is facing from an institutional and entrepreneurial perspective.
2 Sri Lanka. National Water Supply and Drainage Board. 2014. Hand book for water consumers. Katugastota, Sri Lanka: National Water Supply and Drainage Board. Greater Kandy Water Supply Project. 74p.
Water supply ; Water users ; Handbooks ; Guidelines ; Water resources ; Water distribution ; Wastewater management ; Wastewater treatment ; Water conservation ; Rainwater ; Water harvesting ; Water pollution ; Contamination ; Water quality ; Standards ; Water costs ; User charges ; Water rates ; Pricing ; Water storage ; Septic tanks ; Household consumption ; Plumbing ; Pipes ; Water Metering ; Leakage ; Hot water systems ; Governmental organizations / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047919)
http://www.waterboard.lk/web/images/pdf/Con_Hnd_Book/Con_man_%20English.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047919.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047919.pdf
(3.78 MB) (3.78 MB)
3 Woldetsadik, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Marschner, B.; Itanna, F.; Gebrekidan, H. 2017. Effect of biochar derived from faecal matter on yield and nutrient content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. Environmental Systems Research, 6(1):1-12. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-017-0082-9]
Waste management ; Faecal sludge ; Nutrients ; Septic tanks ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Lettuces ; Soil amendments ; Soil fertility ; Biochar ; Composting ; Residues ; Yields
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047945)
http://environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40068-017-0082-9?site=environmentalsystemsresearch.springeropen.com
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047945.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047945.pdf
(1.05 MB)
Background: Faecal matter biochar offers an interesting value proposition where the pyrolysis process guaranties a 100% pathogen elimination, as well as significant reduction in transport and storage weight and volume. Therefore, to evaluate the effect of (1) biochar produced from dried faecal matter from household based septic tanks, and (2) N fertilizer, as well as their interaction on yield and nutrient status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), lettuce was grown over two growing cycles under glasshouse on two contrasting soils amended once at the start with factorial combination of faecal matter biochar at four rates (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha-1) with 0, 25 and 50 kg N ha-1 in randomized complete block design. Results: For both soils, maximum fresh yields were recorded with biochar and combined application of biochar with N treatments. However, the greatest biochar addition effects (with or without N) with regard to relative yield were seen in less fertile sandy loam soil. We have also observed that faecal matter biochar application resulted in noticeable positive residual effects on lettuce yield and tissue nutrient concentrations in the 2nd growing cycle. For both soils, most nutrients analyzed (N, P, K, Mg, Cu and Zn) were within or marginally above optimum ranges for lettuce under biochar amendment. Conclusions: The application of faecal matter biochar enhances yield and tissue nutrient concentrations of lettuce in two contrasting soils, suggesting that faecal matter biochar could be used as an effective fertilizer for lettuce production at least for two growing cycles. Moreover, the conversion of the faecal matter feedstock into charred product may offer additional waste management benefit as it offers an additional (microbiologically safe) product compared to the more common co-composting.
4 Otoo, Miriam. (Ed.) 2018. Nutrient and organic matter recovery - Section III. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.316-546.
Organic matter ; Resource recovery ; Nutrients ; Business management ; Business models ; Agricultural waste management ; Industrial wastes ; Municipal wastes ; Solid wastes ; Composting ; Cost recovery ; Market economics ; Carbon credits ; Macroeconomics ; Financing ; Supply chain ; Corporate culture ; Technology assessment ; Financing ; Socioeconomic environment ; Environmental impact ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Faecal sludge ; Inorganic fertilizers ; Organic fertilizers ; Liquid fertilizers ; Subsidies ; Risk reduction ; Waste management ; Biogas ; Livestock wastes ; Vermicomposting ; Sugar industry ; Sustainability ; Toilets ; Urine ; Excreta ; Septic tanks ; Soil conditioners ; On-farm consumption ; Wastewater treatment ; Phosphorus ; Sewage sludge / Uganda / Sri Lanka / Kenya / India / Bangladesh / Mexico / Rwanda / Burkina Faso / Mbale / Matara / Balangoda / Ludhiana / Okhla / Bangalore / Karnataka / Dhaka / Naivasha / Puducherry / Sinaloa / Culiacan / Kigali / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048653)
(8.29 MB)
5 Buijs, J.; Gebauer, H.; Otoo, Miriam; Evans, A. 2018. Fecal sludge for on-farm use (Bangalore Honey Suckers, India) - Case Study. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.508-515.
Faecal sludge ; Sewage ; Pit latrines ; Organic fertilizers ; Septic tanks ; Market economies ; Business models ; Supply chain ; Sanitation ; Case studies / India / Bangalore
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048672)
(1.04 MB)
6 Otoo, Miriam; Dagerskog, L. 2018. Urine and fecal matter collection for reuse (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso) - Case Study. In Otoo, Miriam; Drechsel, Pay (Eds.). Resource recovery from waste: business models for energy, nutrient and water reuse in low- and middle-income countries. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.527-537.
Faecal sludge ; Faeces ; Urine ; Sanitation ; Public-private cooperation ; Partnerships ; Resource recovery ; Agricultural production ; Waste management ; Septic tanks ; Latrines ; Market economies ; Supply chain ; Business models / Burkina Faso / Ouagadougou
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048674)
(1.31 MB)
7 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Fernando, Sudarshana; Hanjra, M. A. 2019. Guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management from on-site sanitation facilities. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 57p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 14) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2019.211]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Sanitation ; Guidelines ; Regulations ; Standards ; Policies ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Frameworks ; Technology ; Waste disposal ; Waste treatment ; Pit latrines ; Septic tanks ; Transport ; Operating costs ; Public health ; Excreta ; Pathogens ; Aquaculture ; Pollutants ; Heavy metals ; Microplastics ; Soil conditioners ; Sewage sludge ; Organic fertilizers ; Composting ; Energy generation ; Fuels ; Environmental protection ; Occupational hazards ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households ; Stakeholders ; Institutions ; Governmental organizations ; European Union / USA / Canada / Australia / India / Malaysia / Philippines / Vietnam / Bangladesh / Zambia / Ghana / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049291)
(1.05 MB)
In low- and middle-income countries, the management of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems has received little attention over many decades, resulting in insufficient or missing regulations to guide investments and management options. To address this gap, this report examines existing and emerging guidelines and regulations for fecal sludge management (FSM) along the sanitation service chain (user interface, containment, emptying, transport, treatment, valorization, reuse or disposal). It also draws empirical examples from guidelines across the globe to support policy-makers, planners, and sanitation and health officers, as well as consultants in low- and middle-income countries in the development and design of local and national FSM guidelines and regulations.
8 Tayler, K. 2018. Faecal sludge and septage treatment: a guide for low- and middle-income countries. Warwickshire, UK: Practical Action Publishing. 349p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3362/9781780449869]
Waste management ; Wastewater treatment ; Faecal sludge ; Excreta ; Sanitation ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Pit latrines ; Waste disposal ; Waste water treatment plants ; Anaerobic treatment ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Sludge dewatering ; Technology ; Planning ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 628.364 G000 TAY Record No: H049393)
https://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/3-3439-7-1540380071.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049393.pdf
(9.19 MB) (9.19 MB)
9 Kookana, R. S.; Drechsel, Pay; Jamwal, P.; Vanderzalm, J. 2020. Urbanisation and emerging economies: issues and potential solutions for water and food security. Science of the Total Environment, 732:139057. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139057]
Urbanization ; Economic development ; Water security ; Food security ; Waste management ; Waste treatment ; Wastewater treatment ; Costs ; Septic tanks ; Sanitation ; Water reuse ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Monitoring ; Indicators ; Water supply ; Water scarcity ; Wastewater irrigation ; Suburban agriculture ; Environmental health ; Ecosystems ; Aquifers ; Groundwater recharge ; Rural urban relations ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Behavioural changes / Africa South of Sahara / Asia / India / Sri Lanka / Vietnam / Philippines / Nepal / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049719)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720325742/pdfft?md5=947a410481e3057e88d104fc1575bb11&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969720325742-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049719.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049719.pdf
(2.44 MB) (2.44 MB)
Urbanisation will be one of the 21st century's most transformative trends. By 2050, it will increase from 55% to 68%, more than doubling the urban population in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Urbanisation has multifarious (positive as well as negative) impacts on the wellbeing of humans and the environment. The 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) form the blueprint to achieve a sustainable future for all. Clean Water and Sanitation is a specific goal (SDG 6) within the suite of 17 interconnected goals. Here we provide an overview of some of the challenges that urbanisation poses in relation to SDG 6, especially in developing economies. Worldwide, several cities are on the verge of water crisis. Water distribution to informal settlements or slums in megacities (e.g. N50% population in the megacities of India) is essentially non-existent and limits access to adequate safe water supply. Besides due to poor sewer connectivity in the emerging economies, there is a heavy reliance on septic tanks, and other on-site sanitation (OSS) system and by 2030, 4.9 billion people are expected to rely on OSS. About 62–93% of the urban population in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, the Philippines and Indonesia rely on septic tanks, where septage treatment is rare. Globally, over 80% of wastewater is released to the environment without adequate treatment. About 11% of all irrigated croplands is irrigated with such untreated or poorly treated wastewater. In addition to acute and chronic health effects, this also results in significant pollution of often-limited surface and groundwater resources in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Direct and indirect water reuse plays a key role in global water and food security. Here we offer several suggestions to mitigate water and food insecurity in emerging economies.
10 Nikiema, Josiane; Tanoh-Nguessan, R.; Abiola, F.; Cofie, Olufunke O. 2020. Introducing co-composting to fecal sludge treatment plants in Benin and Burkina Faso: a logistical and financial assessment. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 50p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 17) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.206]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste treatment ; Solid wastes ; Treatment plants ; Composting ; Logistics ; Economic analysis ; Waste management ; Waste collection ; Sewerage ; Recycling ; Waste disposal ; Sludge dewatering ; Anaerobic treatment ; Septic tanks ; Sanitation ; Technology ; Maintenance ; Public-private partnerships ; Investment ; Business models ; Cost recovery ; Production costs ; Operating costs ; Marketing ; Cost benefit analysis ; Land use ; Urban areas ; Households / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ghana / Ouagadougou / Accra / Grand Nokoue
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H049802)
(1.47 MB)
Based on primary data from fecal sludge (FS) treatment plants in three West African urban regions (Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Greater Accra in Ghana, and Grand Nokoué in Benin), FS collection and treatment patterns were analyzed to identify possible scenarios for resource recovery (RR) through FS co-composting. FS collection was analyzed for up to 7 years, in part per day, month and season, as well as FS characteristics to understand peak flows, FS qualities and related variations to plan for appropriate RR technology and capacities.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
Overall, the FS volumes collected by vacuum trucks were not significantly affected by the calendar days, months or seasons. Commonly assumed increases during rainy months were, for example, only recorded in Ouagadougou. FS composition appeared highly variable with a pronounced difference in total solids between FS collected from households versus institutional sources, likely indicating that institutions are served more frequently.
The analyzed treatment plants appear to be exploited beyond their capacity. RR for reuse can turn sludge disposal from a cost into a source of revenue with co-benefits for farmers and the environment, thereby reducing the pressure on tipping fees. The probability of the added co-compost production being financially viable on its own was estimated for all the study sites, indicating an earliest breakeven point after 5 to 8 years.
11 Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Kumara, I. U.; Fernando, Sudarshana. 2020. Solid and liquid waste management and resource recovery in Sri Lanka: a 20 city analysis. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 83p.
Waste management ; Solid wastes ; Liquid wastes ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Resource management ; Urban areas ; Urban wastes ; Municipal wastewater ; Treatment plants ; Waste disposal ; Sewerage ; Septic tanks ; Faecal sludge ; Latrines ; Recycling ; Desludging ; Composting ; Waste landfills ; Water supply ; Municipal authorities ; Local authorities ; Households ; Sanitation ; Development projects / Sri Lanka / Anuradhapura / Badulla / Batticaloa / Colombo / Galle / Jaffna / Kaluthara / Kandy / Kilinochchi / Kurunegala / Mannar / Matale / Matara / Mullaithivu / Negombo / Nuwara Eliya / Puttalam / Ratnapura / Trincomalee / Vauniya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050009)
(16.1 MB)
12 Rao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209]
Resource recovery ; Resource management ; Reuse ; Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Business models ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Desludging ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Solid wastes ; Septic tanks ; Toilets ; Waste disposal ; Transport ; Treatment plants ; Urban areas ; Public-private partnerships ; Stakeholders ; Nongovernmental organizations ; Financial viability ; Funding ; Marketing ; Pricing ; Investment ; Operating costs ; Cost recovery ; Benefits ; Profitability ; Risk ; Technology ; Government procurement ; Taxes ; Energy recovery ; Nutrients ; Biogas ; Composting ; Households ; Case studies / India / Tamil Nadu / Gujarat / Telangana / Bihar / Kerala / Maharashtra / Rajasthan / Delhi / Uttar Pradesh / Odisha / Jammu and Kashmir / Karnataka / West Bengal / Panaji / Goa / Chennai
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H050010)
(9.13 MB)
Globally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed.
In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.
13 Ulrich, Andreas; Ekasanti, Prawisti; Jayathilake, Nilanthi; Taron, Avinandan. 2020. Catalog of technical options for fecal sludge management in Bangladesh. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 140p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Technological changes ; Value chains ; Waste treatment ; Treatment plants ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Transport ; Septic tanks ; Anaerobic digesters ; Heat treatment ; Pumps ; Composting ; Pelleting ; Legislation ; Planning ; Maintenance ; Costs ; Sanitation ; Sustainable Development Goals / Bangladesh
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050042)
(13.4 MB)
14 Cheng, F.; Dai, Z.; Shen, S.; Wang, S.; Lu, X. 2021. Characteristics of rural domestic wastewater with source separation. Water Science and Technology, 83(1):233-246. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.557]
Wastewater treatment ; Domestic water ; Rural areas ; Pollutant load ; Waste management ; Water reuse ; Sewage ; Septic tanks ; Villages ; Households / China / Taihu Lake Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050161)
(0.62 MB)
Rural domestic wastewater (RDW), one of the non-point pollution sources, has become a significant object related to sanitation improvement and water pollution control in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Current research on RDW characteristics and management with source separation is limited. In this study, a source-separated investigation into the characteristics of RDW was conducted, and the management suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the average RDW production coefficient was 94.1 ± 31.6 (range: 71.8–143.0) liters per capita (person) per day. Household-level wastewater generation peaked two or three times daily, and the synchronous fluctuation could cause hydraulic loading shocks to treatment facilities. The population equivalents of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in RDW were 78.7, 3.7, 4.12, and 0.8 g/(cap·d), respectively. Blackwater from water closet source accounted for 30.4% of the total wastewater amount, contributing 93.0%, 81.7%, and 67.3% to loads of NH4+-N, TN, and TP, respectively. Graywater from the other sources with low nutrient-related pollutant concentrations and loads, accounting for 69.6% of the total wastewater amount, was a considerable alternative water resource. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics indicated that GW and BW had the potential of being reused in relation to water and nutrients, respectively.
15 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 2020. Faecal sludge management in Africa: socioeconomic aspects and human and environmental health implications. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 64p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Socioeconomic aspects ; Environmental health ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Wastewater treatment ; Waste disposal ; Recycling ; Treatment plants ; Excreta ; Pathogens ; Septic tanks ; Pit latrines ; Sanitation ; Value chains ; Trends ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Good practices ; Technology ; Business models ; Gender ; Women ; Inclusion ; Institutions ; Legal aspects / Africa South of Sahara / West Africa / East Africa / North Africa / Southern Africa / Senegal / Burkina Faso / Uganda / South Africa / Mozambique / Benin / Ghana / Dakar / Ouagadougou / Kampala / Durban / Maputo
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050374)
https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/34350/FSM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050374.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050374.pdf
(12.10 MB) (12.1 MB)
16 Ulrich, Andreas; Taron, Avinandan; Jayathilake, Nilanthi. 2019. Assessment of the FSM value-chain in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 123p.
Faecal sludge ; Waste management ; Value chains ; Assessment ; Resource recovery ; Reuse ; Business models ; Wastewater treatment ; Treatment plants ; Infrastructure ; Septic tanks ; Feasibility studies ; Financial analysis ; Institutions ; Sustainability ; Composting / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050832)
https://waterdata.iwmi.org/applications/sanitaion/reports/FSM-AssessmentSriLanka_IWMI_WB2019.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050832.pdf
(4.41 MB) (4.41 MB)
17 Anigrou, Y.; Bahlami, A.; El Khlif, M. 2022. Methodology for an ecological solution of subsurface flow constructed wetlands used in the treatment of greywater. Water Practice and Technology, 17(12):2581-2597. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2022.150]
Wastewater treatment ; Wetlands ; Ecological factors ; Evapotranspiration ; Methodology ; Water treatment ; Drinking water ; Water balance ; Septic tanks ; Pollutants ; Clogging ; Vegetation / Morocco / Bangladesh / India / Italy / Tunisia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051593)
https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article-pdf/17/12/2581/1155668/wpt0172581.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051593.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051593.pdf
(0.82 MB) (840 KB)
Hammams or public baths continue to consume substantial quantities of drinking water up to 120 m3/day and discharge equivalent quantities of greywater. These hammams thus become an important source of this greywater, which can be easily treated using constructed wetlands (CWs). In this context, the present study proposes to practitioners a general method for sizing subsurface flow (SSF) CWs for the treatment of greywater discharged from hammams. It is oriented to simple applications such as irrigation, car washing and toilet flushing. Due to the complexity of quantifying the evapotranspiration (ET) of the treated water at the CWs, a practical and flexible method is presented here to calculate ET. In the end, a case study of a Moroccan hammam has been treated and discussed. It provides the designers of SSF CWs with a concrete example of the application of the proposed methodology.
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