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1 van Koppen, Barbara; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; van Eeden, A.; Manzungu, E.; Sumuni, P. M.. 2016. Winners and losers of IWRM [Integrated Water Resources Management] in Tanzania. Water Alternatives, 9(3):588-607.

Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water policy ; Water use ; Water power ; River basin management ; Taxes ; Rural areas ; Suburban areas ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Poverty ; State intervention ; Multiple use ; Infrastructure ; Equity ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / Tanzania / Pangani River Basin / Rufiji River Basin / Wami-Ruvu River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047791)

http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol9/v9issue3/328-a9-3-11/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047791.pdf

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This paper focuses on the application of the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Tanzania. It asks: how did IWRM affect the rural and fast-growing majority of smallholder farmers' access to water which contributes directly to poverty alleviation and employment creation in a country where poverty and joblessness are high? Around 1990, there were both a strong government-led infrastructure development agenda and IWRM ingredients in place, including cost-recovery of state services aligning with the Structural Adjustment Programmes, water management according to basin boundaries and the dormant colonial water rights (permits) system. After the 1990s, the World Bank and other donors promoted IWRM with a strong focus on hydroelectric power development, River Basin Water Boards, transformation of the water right system into a taxation tool, and assessment of environmental flows. These practices became formalised in the National Water Policy (2002) and in the Water Resources Management Act (2009). Activities in the name of IWRM came to be closely associated with the post-2008 surge in large-scale land and water deals. Analysing 25 years of IWRM, the paper identifies the processes and identities of the losers (smallholders and – at least partially – the government) and the winners (large-scale water users, including recent investors). We conclude that, overall, IWRM harmed smallholders' access to water and rendered them more vulnerable to poverty and unemployment.

2 van Koppen, Barbara; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; van Eeden, A.; Manzungu, E.; Sumuni, P. M.. 2017. Winners and losers of IWRM in Tanzania. In Mehta, L.; Derman, B.; Manzungu, E. (Eds.). Flows and practices: the politics of integrated water resources management in eastern and southern Africa. Harare, Zimbabwe: Weaver Press. pp.251-276.

Integrated management ; Water resources development ; Water management ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water use ; Water power ; Multiple use ; Legislation ; Business management ; Taxation ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Poverty ; Employment ; Infrastructure ; River basins / Tanzania / Pangani River Basin / Rufuji River Basin / Wami River Basin

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7 G154 MEH Record No: H048284)