Your search found 5 records
1 Lanka Jalani; Capacity Building Network, Sri Lanka (CapNet); Network of Women Professionals, Sri Lanka (NetWWater) 2006. Proceedings of the National Dialogue on River Sand and Clay Mining, Sri Lanka Foundation Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 24 April 2006. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Lanka Jalani; Capacity Building Network, Sri Lanka (CapNet); Network of Women Professionals, Sri Lanka (NetWWater). 53p.
Rivers ; Sand ; Clay ; Mining ; Economic aspects ; Costs ; Labour costs ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Sustainability ; Governmental interrelations ; Living standards ; Legal aspects / Sri Lanka / Maha Oya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 622.3622 G744 LAN Record No: H046178)
(0.48 MB)
2 Katic, Pamela G. 2014. Improving West African rice production with agricultural water management strategies. In Grafton, R. Q.; Wyrwoll, P.; White, C.; Allendes, D. (Eds.). Global water: issues and insights. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University (ANU Press). pp.27-31.
Agricultural production ; Agricultural policy ; Rice ; Water management ; Irrigation systems ; Prices ; Labour costs ; Farmers / West Africa / Ghana / Burkina Faso / Niger
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046532)
http://press.anu.edu.au/apps/bookworm/view/Global+Water%3A+Issues+and+Insights/11041/ch02.5.xhtml#toc_marker-11
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046532.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046532.pdf
(0.13 MB)
3 Jampani, Mahesh; Amerasinghe, Priyanie; Pavelic, Paul. 2015. An integrated approach to assess the dynamics of a peri-urban watershed influenced by wastewater irrigation. Journal of Hydrology, 523:427-440. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.001]
Suburban agriculture ; Watersheds ; Land use ; Hydrology ; Socioeconomic environment ; Farmers ; Wastewater irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water use ; Water quality ; Leaf vegetables ; Aquifers ; Nutrients ; Labour costs ; Irrigated land ; Canal irrigation ; Rice ; Health hazards / India / Hyderabad
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047066)
(3.38 MB)
In many urban and peri-urban areas of India, wastewater is under-recognized as a major water resource. Wastewater irrigated agriculture provides direct benefits for the livelihoods and food security of many smallholder farmers. A rapidly urbanizing peri-urban micro-watershed (270 ha) in Hyderabad was assessed over a 10-year period from 2000 to 2010 for changes in land use and associated farming practices, farmer perceptions, socio-economic evaluation, land-use suitability for agriculture and challenges in potential irrigated area development towards wastewater use. This integrated approach showed that the change in the total irrigated area was marginal over the decade, whereas the built-up area within the watershed boundaries doubled and there was a distinct shift in cropping patterns from paddy rice to paragrass and leafy vegetables. Local irrigation supplies were sourced mainly from canal supplies, which accounted for three-quarters of the water used and was largely derived from wastewater. The remainder was groundwater from shallow hard-rock aquifers. Farmer perception was that the high nutrient content of the wastewater was of value, although they were also interested to pay modest amounts for additional pre-treatment. The shift in land use towards paragrass and leafy vegetables was attributed to increased profitability due to the high urban demand. The unutilised scrubland within the watershed has the potential for irrigation development, but the major constraints appear to be unavailability of labour and high land values rather than water availability. The study provides evidence to support the view that the opportunistic use of wastewater and irrigation practices, in general, will continue even under highly evolving peri-urban conditions, to meet the livelihood needs of the poor driven by market demands, as urban sprawl expands into cultivable rural hinterlands. Policy support is needed for enhanced recognition of wastewater for agriculture, with flow-on benefits including improved public health and protection of ecosystem services.
4 Manasboonphempool, A.; Milan, Florence M.; Zeller, M. 2015. Transaction costs of farmers’ participation in forest management: policy implications of payments for environmental services schemes in Vietnam. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 116(2):199-211.
Forest management ; Forest plantations ; Farmer participation ; Environmental services ; Remuneration ; Households ; Transaction costs ; Highlands ; Gender ; Labour costs ; Developed countries ; Land tenure ; Community forestry / Vietnam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047505)
http://www.jarts.info/index.php/jarts/article/download/2015092949079/856
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047505.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047505.pdf
(0.19 MB)
Recent research on payments for environmental services (PES) has observed that high transaction costs (TCs) are incurred through the implementation of PES schemes and farmer participation. TCs incurred by households are considered to be an obstacle to the participation in and efficiency of PES policies. This study aims to understand transactions related to previous forest plantation programmes and to estimate the actual TCs incurred by farmers who participated in these programmes in a mountainous area of northwestern Vietnam. In addition, this study examines determinants of households’ TCs to test the hypothesis of whether the amount of TCs varies according to household characteristics. Results show that average TCs are not likely to be a constraint for participation since they are about 200,000 VND (USD 10) per household per contract, which is equivalent to one person’s average earnings for about two days of labour. However, TCs amount to more than one-third of the programmes’ benefits, which is relatively high compared to PES programmes in developed countries. This implies that rather than aiming to reduce TCs, an appropriate agenda for policy improvement is to balance the level of TCs with PES programme benefits to enhance the overall attractiveness of afforestation programmes for smallholder farmers. Regression analysis reveals that education, gender and perception towards PES programmes have significant effects on the magnitude of TCs. The analyses also points out the importance of local conditions on the level of TCs, with some unexpected results.
5 Pande, S.; Savenije, H. H. G. 2016. A sociohydrological model for smallholder farmers in Maharashtra, India. Water Resources Research, 52(3):1923-1947. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017841]
Smallholders ; Farmers ; Social aspects ; Hydrology ; Models ; Water storage ; Capital allocation ; Income ; Living standards ; Labour costs ; Remuneration ; Expenditure ; Agricultural prices ; Cotton ; Sugarcane ; Soil fertility ; Fertilizer application ; Irrigation ; Livestock production ; Grasslands ; Fodder / India / Maharashtra / Marathwada
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047760)
(1.81 MB)
We present a sociohydrological model that can help us to better understand the system dynamics of a smallholder farmer. It couples the dynamics of the six main assets of a typical smallholder farmer: water storage capacity, capital, livestock, soil fertility, grazing access, and labor. The hydroclimatic variability, which is a main driver and source of uncertainty of the smallholder system, is accounted for at subannual scale. The model incorporates rule-based adaptation mechanisms of smallholders (for example, adjusting expenditures on food and fertilizers and selling livestocks) when farmers face adverse sociohydrological conditions, such as low annual rainfall, occurrence of dry spells, or variability of input or commodity prices. We have applied the model to analyze the sociohydrology of a cash crop producing smallholder in Maharashtra, India, in a semisynthetic case study setting. Of late, this region has witnessed many suicides of farmers who could not extricate themselves out of the debt trap. These farmers lacked irrigation and were susceptible to fluctuating commodity prices and climatic variability. We studied the sensitivity of a smallholder’s capital, an indicator of smallholder well-being, to two types of cash crops (cotton and sugarcane), water storage capacity, availability of irrigation, initial capital that a smallholder starts with, prevalent wage rates, and access to grazing. We found that (i) smallholders with low water storage capacities and no irrigation are most susceptible to distress, (ii) a smallholder’s well-being is low at low wage rates, (iii) wage rate is more important than absolution of debt, (iv) well-being is sensitive to water storage capacity up to a certain level, and (v) well-being increases with increasing area available for livestock grazing. Our results indicate that government intervention to absolve the debt of farmers or to invest in local storage to buffer rainfall variability may not be enough. In addition, alternative sources of income may need to be provided, for instance by ensuring minimum wages or by providing more access to grazing areas.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
