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1 Bahinipati, C. S.. 2015. Determinants of farm-level adaptation diversity to cyclone and flood: insights from a farm household-level survey in Eastern India. Water Policy, 17(4):742-761. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.121]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmer participation ; Disaster risk management ; Cyclones ; Flooding ; Crop losses ; Farm income ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment ; Models ; Institutions ; Coastal area ; Surveys / Eastern India / Odisha / Balasore / Kendrapada / Jajpur
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047668)
(0.26 MB)
A large number of farmers’ livelihoods are susceptible to cyclones and floods, and farmers are taking up several adaptation mechanisms. Previous studies, therefore, have examined determinants of various adaptation options and provide policy suggestions to promote a specific one. However, options are undertaken at different points depending on the nature and intensity of extreme events. Hence, it is imperative to identify factors influencing farmers’ decisions to adopt an additional option, particularly during ex-ante and ex-post periods. This could assist policymakers to enhance various farm-level adaptation options. Using survey data from 285 farm households in cyclone-and flood-prone regions in eastern India, this study aims to assess the determinants of adaptation diversity. This study finds that the likelihood of undertaking adaptation diversity is high during the ex-post period, and cyclone-affected farmers are likely to adopt a higher number of adaptation measures. Further, size of household, farming experience, per capita income, agriculture as major source of income and crop loss compensation received are some of the important determinants. These findings emphasize the need for investments in scientific modeling for better prediction of extreme events and suggest restructuring the existing institutions to promote several farm-level adaptation measures.
2 Bahinipati, C. S.; Viswanathan, P. K. 2019. Incentivizing resource efficient technologies in India: evidence from diffusion of micro-irrigation in the dark zone regions of Gujarat. Land Use Policy, 86:253-260. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.04.017]
Microirrigation ; Technology ; Incentives ; State intervention ; Policies ; Farmers ; Groundwater ; Electricity ; Villages ; Towns / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049401)
(1.71 MB)
The Gujarat state government had banned further extraction of groundwater and new electricity connection for agricultural purposes in 57 sub-districts, where over-exploitation of groundwater was observed, in 2001, and these regions were demarcated as dark zone in 2003. The micro-irrigation adopted farmers in these regions are entitled to get additional 10 per cent subsidy since 2012, and concurrently, the ban on new electricity connection was also withdrawn. In particular, adoption of micro-irrigation is mandatory for availing new power connection. Both of them could lead to a large-scale diffusion, and as a result, reducing pressure on groundwater extraction. Although various agricultural interventions are being incentivized in India, there is limited studies with respect to assessing its’ impact on farmers’ adoption behaviour. This paper, therefore, aims to evaluate effect of the above said incentives (subsidy and power connection) on diffusion of micro-irrigation in the dark zone regions. Information on the diffusion of micro-irrigation, i.e., drip and sprinkler irrigation, between 2006-07 and 2014 were collected for 8073 villages and towns, combining both dark zone (treated sample) and its adjacent non dark zone talukas (control group). The empirical analysis was performed for three different samples: (i) full sample, (ii) villages along the administrative boundary line drawn between the dark zone and adjacent talukas, i.e., border villages, and (iii) pair-wise border villages; expected to get robust estimation in the latter two cases as there could be no significant difference with respect to hydrological scenario and cropping patterns. Employing ordinary Least Square fixed effects model, results reveal that these policies are positively influencing diffusion of micro-irrigation. A pecuniary benefits and power connection together, for example, enhance the likelihood of incremental adoption rate by 1.6 per cent to 1.8 per cent and area installed with micro-irrigation technologies between 0.7 per cent and 1.3 per cent. This study, henceforth, supports the continuation of present incentive policies to further heightening diffusion of such technologies, and this approach could be replicated in the case other resource efficient technologies as minimizing water and energy footprints are always a policy priority.
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