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1 Mersha, A. N.; de Fraiture, C.; Mehari, A.; Masih, I.; Alamirew, T. 2016. Integrated water resources management: contrasting principles, policy, and practice, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Water Policy, 18(2):335-354. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.049]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water policy ; River basins ; Water authorities ; Institutional reform ; Strategies ; Planning ; Water users ; Stakeholders ; Regulations ; Environmental effects / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047559)
(0.60 MB)
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been a dominant paradigm for water sector reform worldwide over the past two decades. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy, legislations, and strategy per IWRM core principles. However, considerable constraints are still in its way of realization. This paper investigates the central challenges facing IWRM implementation in the Awash Basin analyzing the discrepancy between IWRM principles, the approach followed in Ethiopia and its practice in the Awash Basin. A decade and a half since its adoption, the Ethiopian IWRM still lacks a well-organized and robust legal system for implementation. Unclear and overlapping institutional competencies as well as a low level of stakeholders’ awareness on policy contents and specific mandates of implementing institutions have prevented the Basin Authority from fully exercising its role as the prime institute for basin level water management. As a result, coordination between stakeholders, a central element of the IWRM concept, is lacking. Insufficient management instruments and planning tools for the operational function of IWRM are also among the major hurdles in the process. This calls for rethinking and action on key elements of the IWRM approach to tackle the implementation challenges.
2 Beekma, J.; Bird, J.; Mersha, A. N.; Reinhard, S.; Prathapar, S. A.; Rasul, G.; Richey, J.; Van Campen, J.; Ragab, R.; Perry, C.; Mohtar, R.; Tollefson, L.; Tian, F. 2021. Enabling policy environment for water, food and energy security. Irrigation and Drainage, 18p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.2560]
Water security ; Food security ; Energy consumption ; Nexus ; Policies ; Water supply ; Water productivity ; Groundwater ; Water use ; Agriculture ; Greenhouses ; Solar energy ; Technology ; Innovation ; Socioeconomic development ; Sustainable development ; Governance ; Markets ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050156)
(1.35 MB)
The complexity of water, food and energy security is analysed from the perspectives of (i) water and food and (ii) water and energy and their interconnectivity and focuses ultimately on water as a primary input into processes, the entry point for participants of the Third World Irrigation Forum.
The paper provides an overview of trends in water, food and energy security, highlights the interconnectivity between the various elements and introduces the water–food–energy nexus as a tool for improving productivity and sector policies, avoiding unintended consequences on other sectors. Invariably, there will be trade-offs and the challenge is to find combinations of measures that have a net positive outcome. In order to quantify security in the three elements and the trade-offs between them, emerging modelling approaches for the nexus are discussed.
Sub-theme 3 of the forum focuses on productivity and technology interventions1 and sub-theme 2 on stakeholder interaction. The combination of modelling, technology innovations and stakeholder participation in a water–food–energy nexus approach leads to better understanding of linkages and more robust policies and is used to derive recommendations for an enabling policy environment.
The paper provides an overview of trends in water, food and energy security, highlights the interconnectivity between the various elements and introduces the water–food–energy nexus as a tool for improving productivity and sector policies, avoiding unintended consequences on other sectors. Invariably, there will be trade-offs and the challenge is to find combinations of measures that have a net positive outcome. In order to quantify security in the three elements and the trade-offs between them, emerging modelling approaches for the nexus are discussed.
Sub-theme 3 of the forum focuses on productivity and technology interventions1 and sub-theme 2 on stakeholder interaction. The combination of modelling, technology innovations and stakeholder participation in a water–food–energy nexus approach leads to better understanding of linkages and more robust policies and is used to derive recommendations for an enabling policy environment.
3 Mersha, A. N.; de Fraiture, C.; Masih, I.; Alamirew, T. 2021. Dilemmas of integrated water resources management implementation in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia: irrigation development versus environmental flows. Water and Environment Journal, 35(1):402-416. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12638]
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Environmental flows ; Irrigation ; River basins ; Food security ; Sustainable development ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Water use ; Water allocation ; Stakeholders ; Policies ; Institutions ; Legal aspects ; Social aspects ; Political aspects ; Awareness ; Ecosystems / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050256)
(2.08 MB)
Environmental flows allocation is an intrinsic part of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). This paper analyses socio-political issues and effects of environmental flows integration on water availability under the context of increased agricultural intensification in an effort to tackle food insecurity. Lack of appropriate framework comprising the procedural requirements and strategic directions as well as prevalence of politically motivated ad hoc development programmes are among major challenges identified. Introducing environmental flows to a perceived satisfactory level would result in a significant increase of unmet irrigation water demand, yet, “productivity first” norm overtakes. This is presumed to be due to skewed focus on irrigation expansion and low awareness on the possible consequences. The particular challenges highlighted generally unveil the inherent contradictions in the IWRM concept putting its claim that the set of principles and entire course stand universally accepted as a means to balance socio-economic and environmental outcomes under question.
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