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1 Cofie, Olufunke; Nikiema, Josiane; Impraim, Robert; Adamtey, N.; Paul, Johannes; Kone, D. 2016. Co-composting of solid waste and fecal sludge for nutrient and organic matter recovery. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 47p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 03) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2016.204]
Resource recovery ; Environmental effects ; Nutrients ; Solid wastes ; Recycling ; Composting ; Faecal coliforms ; Sewage sludge ; Urbanization ; Urban wastes ; Food wastes ; Waste management ; Developing countries ; Farmyard manure ; Excreta ; Soil organic matter ; Organic wastes ; Organic fertilizers ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Sanitation ; Moisture content ; Temperature ; pH ; Microorganisms ; Aeration ; Pathogens ; Emission ; Livestock ; Heavy metals
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047536)
(3 MB)
Biological treatment, composting, in particular, is a relatively simple, durable and inexpensive alternative for stabilizing and reducing biodegradable waste. Co-composting of different waste sources allows to enhance the compost nutrient value. In particular, integration of ‘biosolids’ from the sanitation sector as potential input material for co-composting would provide a solution for the much needed treatment of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems, and make use of its high nutrient content. This research paper elaborates in detail the main parameters that govern the co-composting process as well as factors that control the production of a safe and valuable quality compost. It further explains technological options to tailor the final product to crop and farmer needs.
2 Zvimba, J. N.; Musvoto, E. V. 2020. Modelling energy efficiency and generation potential in the South African wastewater services sector. Water Science and Technology, 81(5):876-890. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.157]
Wastewater treatment plants ; Energy generation ; Energy consumption ; Energy conservation ; Sewage sludge ; Aeration ; Technology ; Costs ; Investment ; Modelling ; Strategies ; Forecasting ; Case studies / South Africa / Pretoria / Johannesburg
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI HQ Record No: H049762)
(0.92 MB)
About 55% of energy used in the South African water cycle is for wastewater treatment, with the bulk of this energy associated with aeration in biological processes. However, up to 15% of wastewater energy demand can be offset by energy generation from sludge (power and/or combined heat and power), while best practices adoption can deliver energy efficiency gains of between 5% and 25% in the water cycle. Advanced process modelling and simulation has been applied in this study as a tool to evaluate optimal process and aeration control strategies. This study further applied advanced modelling to investigate and predict the potential energy consumption and consumption cost pattern by the South African wastewater sector resulting from implementation of optimal process and aeration energy use reduction strategies in support of sustainable municipal wastewater management. Aeration energy consumption and cost savings of 9–45% were demonstrated to be achievable through implementation of energy conservation measures without compromising final effluent regulatory compliance. The study further provided significant potential future energy savings as high as 50% and 78% through implementation of simple and complex aeration energy conservation measures respectively. Generally, the model-predicted energy savings suggest that adoption of energy efficiency should be coupled with electricity generation from sludge in order to achieve maximum energy consumption and cost savings within the South African wastewater services sector.
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