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1 Radanielson, A. M.; Angeles, O.; Li, T.; Rahman, A. K.; Gaydon, D. 2015. Optimizing use of fresh and saline water for irrigation of boro rice in salt affected areas of Bangladesh using the crop model ORYZA v3. In Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.477-491.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047200)
(0.65 MB) (11.9 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051367)
(2.84 MB) (2.84 MB)
This study aimed to delineate the relationship between the socio-economic status of inhabitants and inequalities in access to water sources in urbanizing areas of developing countries. A total of 146 households in Quezon City, Metro Manila, were interviewed and classified into income quintiles: poor, low-income, middle-income, high-income and rich. The access rate to piped water decreased from 100% for the rich to 66% for the poor. More than 30% of the poor had to purchase water from water vendors due to their lack of access to piped water because of their socio-economic status, including land ownership. Per capita water consumption levels differed significantly across the income quintiles, from 93.4 liters-per-capita-per-day (LPCD) for the poor to 259.4 LPCD for the rich. This coincided with the high Gini coefficients in household income (G = 0.56) and the expenditure for water (G = 0.41). Per capita water consumption was linearly correlated with the logarithm of household income (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.67). Among the poor households, 10% consumed less than 50 LPCD, and 44.8% spent more than 4% of their income on water, with the maximum expenditure of 13.3%. The poor quintile's expenditure on water varied significantly, depending on their sources such as water vendors, piped water, or well water. Finally, 45% of the poor were exposed to contaminated water, compared to 13% of the rich. Our study offers policy implications for providing the urban poor with easier access to safely managed water sources such as piped water.
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