Your search found 10 records
1 Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.) 2015. Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 600p.
Coastal area ; Surface water ; Water resources ; Water requirements ; Water use ; Water governance ; Water management ; Climate change ; Crop production ; Cropping systems ; Rice ; Oil crops ; Wheat ; Mustard ; Seasonal cropping ; Farming systems ; Farmers ; Groundwater irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Soil salinity ; Salt water intrusion ; Aquifers ; Bacteriological analysis ; Ecosystems ; Community involvement ; Rural communities ; Women ; Food production ; Households ; Living standards ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Shrimp culture ; Diversification ; Land productivity ; Watermelons ; Pumps ; Incentives / Bangladesh / Barisal / West Bengal / Khulna / Ganges Coastal Zone / Sundarbans Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047106)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/66389/Revitalizing%20the%20Ganges%20Coastal%20Zone%20Book_Low%20Version.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047106.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047106.pdf
(10.00 MB) (11.91 MB)
2 Kabir, M. P.; Islam, M. A.; Akber, M. A. 2015. Bacteriological assessment of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) water in southwest coastal areas of Bangladesh. In Humphreys, E.; Tuong, T. P.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Pukinskis, I.; Phillips, M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the CPWF, GBDC, WLE Conference on Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone: Turning Science into Policy and Practices, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 21-23 October 2014. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). pp.82-88.
Groundwater recharge ; Aquifers ; Coastal area ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Domestic water ; Water storage ; Water purification ; Bacteriological analysis ; Biological contamination ; Chemicophysical properties ; Wells ; Ponds / Southwest Bangladesh / Khulna / Bagerhat / Dacope / Batiaghata / Mongla
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047196)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/66389/Revitalizing%20the%20Ganges%20Coastal%20Zone%20Book_Low%20Version.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047196.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047196.pdf
(0.27 MB) (11.9 MB)
3 Khadse, G. K.; Patni, P. M.; Labhasetwar, P. K. 2016. Water quality assessment of Chenab River and its tributaries in Jammu Kashmir (India) based on WQI [Water Quality Index]. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(2):121-126. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0046-7]
Water quality ; Water pollution ; Assessment ; Rivers ; Tributaries ; Bacteriological analysis ; Chemicophysical properties ; Faecal coliforms ; pH ; Turbidity ; Dissolved oxygen ; Nitrates ; Total dissolved solids ; Phosphates / India / Jammu and Kashmir / Chenab River
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047910)
(1.06 MB)
An assessment of the water quality has been carried out to explore the water quality index (WQI) of Chenab river and its tributaries in Jammu Kashmir (India). Fourteen water samples from Chenab river and its tributaries at various locations were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Nine parameters i.e. BOD, DO, fecal coliforms, nitrate, pH, temperature change, TDS, total phosphate and turbidity were considered for calculating the WQI based on National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) information system. The WQI showed good water quality, except Bichleri stream water indicating that water of Chenab river and its tributaries are least polluted and is suitable for drinking after conventional treatment. The WQI rating of Bichleri stream water is medium as it carries wastewater and may not be useful for domestic use without treatment.
4 Woldetsadik, D.; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, B.; Itanna, F.; Erko, B.; Gebrekidan, H. 2017. Microbiological quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) irrigated with wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and effect of green salads washing methods. International Journal of Food Contamination, 4:1-9. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550-017-0048-8]
Microbiological analysis ; Leaf vegetables ; Lettuces ; Wastewater irrigation ; Faecal coliforms ; Helminths ; WHO ; Contamination ; Irrigation water ; Risk reduction ; Bacteriological analysis ; Farmland ; Wastewater treatment ; Households ; Water pollution ; Water use / Ethiopia / Addis Ababa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047981)
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs40550-017-0048-8.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047981.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047981.pdf
(561 KB)
Background: In Addis Ababa, where irrigation water for vegetable production is commonly derived from the highly polluted Akaki river, information on microbial contamination of water and irrigated vegetable is scanty. An assessment was done to determine the microbiological quality of irrigation water and lettuce harvested from 10 urban farming sites of Addis Ababa. The efficacy of 5 lettuce washing methods were also assessed. A total of 210 lettuce and 90 irrigation water samples were analyzed for faecal coliform and helminth eggs population levels. Results: The mean faecal coliform levels of irrigation water ranged from 4.29-5.61 log10 MPN 100 ml-1, while on lettuce, the concentrations ranged from 3.46-5.03 log10 MPN 100 g-1. Helminth eggs and larvae were detected in 80% of irrigation water and 61% of lettuce samples. Numbers ranged from 0.9-3.1 eggs 1000 ml-1 and 0.8-3.7 eggs 100 g-1 wet weight for irrigation water and lettuce, respectively. The helminth eggs identified included those of Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Taenia and Strongloyides larvae. Ascaris lumbricoides and Hookworm were most prevalent in both irrigation water and lettuce samples. Compared with the WHO recommendations and international standards, the faecal coliform and helminth eggs levels in irrigation water and lettuce samples exceeded the recommended levels. Irrespective of the tested washing methods, faecal coliform and helminth eggs levels were somehow reduced. Among the washing methods, potable tap water washing - rinsing (2 min) followed by dipping in 15 000 ppm vinegar solution for a minute supported the highest faecal coliorm reduction of 1.7 log10 units, whereas lowest reduction of 0.8 log10 units was achieved for the same procedure without vinegar. Conclusion: Compared with international standards, both faecal coliform and helminth eggs levels exceeded recommended thresholds in water and lettuce, but still in a potential risk range which can be easily mitigated if farmers and households are aware of the potential risk. Aside preventing occupational exposure, potential risk reduction programs should target households which have so far no guidance on how best to wash vegetables. The result of the present study suggest that the vinegar based washing methods are able to reduce faecal coliform towards low level while the physical washing with running water may help to substantially decrease potential risk of helminth parasitic infections.
5 Akoto, O.; Gyamfi, O.; Darko, G.; Barnes, V. R. 2017. Changes in water quality in the Owabi Water Treatment Plant in Ghana. Applied Water Science, 7(1):175-186. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0232-4]
Water quality ; Waste water treatment plants ; Drinking water ; Water pollution ; Health hazards ; Chemicophysical properties ; Nutrients ; Bacteriological analysis ; Faecal coliforms ; Contamination ; WHO ; Guidelines ; Correlation analysis ; Reservoirs ; Heavy metals / Ghana / Kumasi / Owabi Water Treatment Plant
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048096)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0232-4.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048096.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048096.pdf
(0.47 MB) (480 KB)
The study was conducted on the status of the quality of water from the Owabi water treatment plant that supplies drinking water to Kumasi, a major city in Ghana, to ascertain the change in quality of water from source to point-of-use. Physico-chemical, bacteriological water quality parameters and trace metal concentration of water samples from five different treatment points from the Owabi water treatment plant were investigated. The raw water was moderately hard with high turbidity and colour that exceeds the WHO guideline limits. Nutrient concentrations were of the following order: NH3\NO2 -\- NO3 -\PO4 3-\SO4 2- and were all below WHO permissible level for drinking water in all the samples at different stages of treatment. Trace metal concentrations of the reservoir were all below WHO limit except chromium (0.06 mg/L) and copper (0.24 mg/L). The bacteriological study showed that the raw water had total coliform (1,766 cfu/100 mL) and faecal coliform (257 cfu/100 mL) that exceeded the WHO standard limits, rendering it unsafe for domestic purposes without treatment. Colour showed strong positive correlation with turbidity (r = 0.730), TSS (r C 0.922) and alkalinity (0.564) significant at p\0.01. The quality of the treated water indicates that colour, turbidity, Cr and Cu levels reduced and fall within the WHO permissible limit for drinking water. Treatment process at the water treatment plant is adjudged to be good.
6 Abera, B.; Bezabih, B.; Hailu, D. 2017. Microbial quality of community drinking water supplies: a ten year (2004-2014) analyses in West Amhara, Ethiopia. Sustainability of Water Quality and Ecology, 9-10:22-26. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swaqe.2016.06.001]
Drinking water ; Water quality ; Biological contamination ; Faecal coliforms ; Escherichia coli ; Communities ; Water supply ; Bacteriological analysis ; Chlorination / Ethiopia / West Amhara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048430)
(0.32 MB)
Access to safe drinking water is an important public health and development issue at national, regional and local levels. Community drinking water supplies such as piped water, dug wells and springs are the predominant sources in rural villages and towns in Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis was conducted on microbial quality of community drinking water sources that had been processed from 2004–2014. Water samples were collected from 36 districts in west Amhara region. As per standard operational procedures, bacteriological analyses had been performed using multiple tube fermentation technique. A total of 1030 drinking water samples from (tap water n = 680), wells (n = 198), spring (n = 128) and reservoir (n = 24) were analyzed for microbial qualities. Overall, 29.0% (95% CI: 26.3–31.8%) and 44.7% (95% CI: 41.7–47.7%) of water samples had Escherichia coli and total coliforms (TC), respectively. Furthermore, 52.0%, 43.0%, and 20.2% of water samples from wells, spring and tap water were positive for E. coli. For faecal coliforms, 72.1% of drinking water supplies complied with World Health Organization and Ethiopian Standards. Tap water samples were 3.8 times less likely to be faecal contaminated than water samples from dug wells and spring water sources (OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.8–5.1, P = 0.001). This ten year trend analyses showed that microbial qualities of community drinking water supplies were not to the standards. This study reinforces the need to monitor microbial quality and chlorine treatment of community water supplies.
7 Amin, R.; Zaidi, M. B.; Bashir, S.; Khanani, R.; Nawaz, R.; Ali, S.; Khan, S. 2019. Microbial contamination levels in the drinking water and associated health risks in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(2):319-328. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.147]
Drinking water ; Biological contamination ; Health hazards ; Public health ; Water quality ; Groundwater ; Water supply ; Water use ; Waterborne diseases ; Microbiological analysis ; Bacteriological analysis ; Coliform bacteria ; Faecal coliforms / Pakistan / Karachi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049302)
(0.40 MB)
The current study aimed to assess the microbial quality of municipal (tap) and ground (borehole) water in Karachi, Pakistan. A health survey was also conducted to assess possible health risks of the drinking water. Fifty water samples (n = 25 each of tap and ground water) were collected from various locations of five administrative districts of Karachi for bacteriological analysis. In addition, a survey was conducted to assess the impact of drinking water on the health of city residents. Microbiological analysis results showed the presence of total coliform in 48 out of 50 (96%) tested samples. The total viable plate count at 37 °C was >200 CFU/ml in the majority of the collected samples which exceeded the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. To evaluate the health risk of contaminated water, a total of 744 residents were interviewed. The information acquired from this field work revealed a high prevalence of waterborne diseases in the order of diarrhea and vomiting > skin problems > malaria > prolonged fever > eye problems and jaundice. To solve water and environmental problems, awareness and regular monitoring programs of water management and safe disposal of waste have been suggested.
8 Ali, R.; Bunzli, M.-A.; Colombo, L.; Khattak, S. A.; Pera, S.; Riaz, M.; Valsangiacomo, C. 2019. Water quality before and after a campaign of cleaning and disinfecting shallow wells: a study conducted during and after floods in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 9(1):28-37. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.272]
Water quality ; Drinking water ; Biological contamination ; Faecal coliforms ; Wells ; Disinfection ; Bacteriological analysis ; Chemical contamination ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Health hazards ; Flooding / Pakistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049305)
https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article-pdf/9/1/28/583088/washdev0090028.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049305.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049305.pdf
(0.43 MB) (444 KB)
This study reports on a water quality assessment of the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene program implemented by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation in the districts of Charsadda and Nowshera in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in the aftermath of the severe flood of 2010. During emergency operations, over 4,500 shallow wells were cleaned using the standard protocol suggested by the World Health Organization. Bacteriological analysis and chemical-physical parameters such as temperature, conductivity, turbidity and pH were tested before and after cleaning. Four to five years after the emergency operation, in 2014–15, a set of 105 representative wells was analyzed again, considering the same parameters and looking for additional contaminants (pesticides, arsenic and fluoride). The post-flood well-cleaning campaign was effective in the immediate reduction of fecal contamination of water (from 85% to 20% as measured 7–30 days after cleaning); however in the following months/years the rate of fecal contamination rose again (up to 62% of all measured domestic wells, n = 105). Along with laboratory analysis data, this study investigated the source of contamination of shallow wells and identified human practices in several cases. This information was useful for the design of future SDC interventions in the WASH sector.
9 Kothari, V.; Vij, S.; Sharma, S.; Gupta, N. 2021. Correlation of various water quality parameters and water quality index of districts of Uttarakhand. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 9:100093. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2020.100093]
Water quality ; Water properties ; Parameters ; Drinking water ; Biological contamination ; Bacteriological analysis ; Faecal coliforms ; Villages / India / Uttarakhand / Tehri Garhwal / Nainital / Chamoli / Rudraprayag / Bageshwar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050389)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665972720300775/pdfft?md5=6f19a810a80dd5bfe6ed56d75e3ab724&pid=1-s2.0-S2665972720300775-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050389.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050389.pdf
(0.50 MB) (508 KB)
This study is based on hydrogeochemical and biological parameters and calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess water quality of a rural tract in five districts of Garhwal and Kumaon district of Uttarakhand, India. The drinking water quality parameters are pH, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Turbidity, Iron (Fe), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulphate (SO4), Nitrate (NO3), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Arsenic (As), conductivity, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Total Residual Chlorine. It was observed that the physicochemical properties were as per BIS standards and found suitable for drinking purposes. However Bacteriological parameters i.e. Total coliform and Fecal coliform of some sampling sites ranged from 20 to 300 CFU/100 ml, which were higher than permissible limit (0 CFU/100 ml) as per BIS standards. Statistical analysis had been used to calculate the correlation coefficient of different parameters with WQI and the study showed significant linear relationship and the high correlation coefficient between different pairs of water quality parameters. The correlation matrix shows that total iron concentration, total coliform, and faecal coliform have a significant effect on Water quality index. Among these parameters, TDS has the highest correlation with conductivity, sulphate, and chloride ion concentration whereas turbidity significantly correlates with the presence of nitrate in drinking water.
10 Amuah, E. E. Y.; Amanin-Ennin, P.; Antwi, K. 2022. Irrigation water quality in Ghana and associated implications on vegetables and public health. A systematic review. Journal of Hydrology, 604:127211. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127211]
Irrigation water ; Water quality ; Vegetables ; Public health ; Pollutants ; Wastewater ; Pesticides ; Bacteriological analysis ; Heavy metals ; Sanitation ; Peri-urban agriculture / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050787)
(15.20 MB)
The use of contaminated water for irrigation is a major global concern. This study then reviews the impacts of irrigation water on vegetables in peri- and urban areas and the associated public health implications, and emerging contaminats in irrigation water in Ghana. Considering the quality of irrigation water, loads of enteric bacteria have been reported reaching 538 mpn/ml and 940 mpn/ml. Though total and fecal coliforms and E. coli have been detected in irrigable water in Ghana, Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura were observed in vegetables. Lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, alpha-endosulfan, endrin, 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p-DDE), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) are the dominant pesticides detected in water used for irrigation. The presence of Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, Ni, and Mn have been reported in irrigatable water. Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) that require extensive research in irrigation water are antibiotics, viruses (norovirus and adenovirus), and estrogens. Since untreated wastewater is predominantly used for irrigation in some parts of Ghana, high levels of Hg and Cd have been detected. Findings from this review indicate that the safety of vegetables sold in Ghana are largely dependent on the quality of water used for irrigation.
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