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1 Lokgariwar, C.; Chopra, R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Bharati, Luna; O’Keeffe, J. 2014. Including cultural water requirements in environmental flow assessment: an example from the upper Ganga river, India. Water International, 39(1):81-96. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.863684]

Water requirements ; Environmental flows ; Assessment ; Riparian zones ; Communities ; River basins ; Hydrology ; Hydraulics ; Surveys / India / Ganga River

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046811)

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02508060.2013.863684
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046811.pdf

(0.63 MB) (642.57 KB)

The rituals of riparian communities are frequently linked to the flow regimes of their river. These dependencies need to be identified, quantified and communicated to policy makers who manage river flows. This paper describes the first attempt to explicitly evaluate the flows required to maintain the cultural and spiritual activities in the upper Ganga River basin. Riparian dwellers and visitors were interviewed and the responses analyzed to obtain an overview of the needs and motivations for cultural flows. The approach enhances the overall concept of environmental flow assessment, especially in river basins where spiritual values ascribed to rivers are high.

2 Anderson, E. P.; Jackson, S.; Tharme, R. E.; Douglas, M.; Flotemersch, J. E.; Zwarteveen, M.; Lokgariwar, C.; Montoya, M.; Wali, A.; Tipa, G. T.; Jardine, T. D.; Olden, J. D.; Cheng, L.; Conallin, J.; Cosens, B.; Dickens, Chris; Garrick, D.; Groenfeldt, D.; Kabogo, J.; Roux, D. J.; Ruhi, A.; Arthington, A. H. 2019. Understanding rivers and their social relations: a critical step to advance environmental water management. WIREs Water, 6(6):1-21. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1381]

Rivers ; Environmental flows ; Water management ; Human relations ; Social conditions ; Freshwater ; Water allocation ; Water governance ; Indigenous peoples ; Living standards ; Cultural values ; Ecological factors ; Ecosystems ; Declarations ; Case studies / Honduras / India / Canada / New Zealand / Australia / Patuca River / Ganga River / Athabasca River / Murray-Darling Basin / Kakaunui River / Orari River

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049329)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wat2.1381
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049329.pdf

(3.57 MB) (3.57 MB)

River flows connect people, places, and other forms of life, inspiring and sustaining diverse cultural beliefs, values, and ways of life. The concept of environmental flows provides a framework for improving understanding of relationships between river flows and people, and for supporting those that are mutually beneficial. Nevertheless, most approaches to determining environmental flows remain grounded in the biophysical sciences. The newly revised Brisbane Declaration and Global Action Agenda on Environmental Flows (2018) represents a new phase in environmental flow science and an opportunity to better consider the co-constitution of river flows, ecosystems, and society, and to more explicitly incorporate these relationships into river management. We synthesize understanding of relationships between people and rivers as conceived under the renewed definition of environmental flows. We present case studies from Honduras, India, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia that illustrate multidisciplinary, collaborative efforts where recognizing and meeting diverse flow needs of human populations was central to establishing environmental flow recommendations. We also review a small body of literature to highlight examples of the diversity and interdependencies of human-flow relationships—such as the linkages between river flow and human well-being, spiritual needs, cultural identity, and sense of place—that are typically overlooked when environmental flows are assessed and negotiated. Finally, we call for scientists and water managers to recognize the diversity of ways of knowing, relating to, and utilizing rivers, and to place this recognition at the center of future environmental flow assessments.