Your search found 9 records
1 Gunatilleke, N.; Jayasuriya, M.; Weerakoon, D.; Gunatilleke, S.; Ranwala, S.; Perera, D.; Wattavidanege, J.; Manamendraarachchi, K.; De Silva, M. A. T.; Wijesinghe, L. 2014. Sri Lanka's forests: nature at your service. Commemorating the decade of biodiversity. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science (SLAAS). 155p.
Natural resources ; Forest resources ; Forest cover ; Forest ecology ; Forest degradation ; Forest conservation ; Plants ; Species ; Deforestation ; Vegetation ; Wild animals ; Biodiversity ; Environmental effects ; Human behaviour ; Archaeology ; Water resources ; Catchment areas ; Soil conservation / Sri Lanka / Sinharaja / Kanneliya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.75 G744 GUN Record No: H046774)
(0.49 MB)
2 Poffenberger, M. (Ed.) 2013. Cambodia's contested forest domain: the role of community forestry in the new millennium. Manila, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 304p. (Asian Studies)
Forest conservation ; Natural resources ; Sustainable forest management ; Community forestry ; Communities ; Ethnic groups ; Indigenous peoples ; Forest policy ; Legal aspects ; Deforestation ; Forest degradation ; Climate change ; Development projects ; Ecology ; Land use ; Living standards ; Lakes ; Fisheries ; Case studies / Cambodia / Tonle Sap Lake / Oddar Meanchey Province / Kompong Phluk / Ratanakiri
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 634.92 G700 POF Record No: H046819)
(0.38 MB)
3 Enters, T. 2014. Climate change mitigation and forests of Sri Lanka. Soba Parisara Prakashanaya, 23(2):33-35.
Climate change ; Forests ; REDD-plus ; Emission reduction ; Forest degradation ; Deforestation / Sri Lanka
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: P 8158 Record No: H047161)
(1.09 MB)
4 Seager, J.; Bechtel, J.; Bock, S.; Dankelman, I.; Fordham, M.; Gabizon, S.; Thuy Trang, N.; Perch, L.; Qayum, S.; Roehr, U.; Schoolmeester, T.; Steinbach, R.; Watts, M.; Wendland, C.; Aguilar, L.; Alvarez, I.; Araujo, K.; Basnett, B. S.; Bauer, J.; Bowser, G.; Caterbow, A.; Corendea, C.; Donners, A.; Dutta, S.; Halle, S.; halainen, M.; Ismawati, Y.; Joshi, D.; Kiwala, L.; Kolbeinsdottir, L.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2016. Global gender and environment outlook. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 233p.
Gender ; Women's participation ; Equity ; Environmental sustainability ; Environmental effects ; Environmental health ; Environmental policy ; Sustainable development ; Food production ; Food security ; Food policy ; Agricultural production ; Domestic water ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water use ; Water supply ; Drinking water ; Wastewater treatment ; Sanitation ; Hygiene ; Energy generation ; Energy management ; Energy consumption ; Renewable energy ; Marine areas ; Coastal area ; Rural communities ; Ecosystems ; Fisheries ; Living standards ; Pollutants ; Contamination ; Forest resources ; Forest degradation ; Forest management ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Disasters ; Conflict ; Health hazards ; Households ; Land ownership
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047666)
http://uneplive.unep.org/media/docs/assessments/gender_and_environment_outlook.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047666.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047666.pdf
(76.06 MB)
5 Amare, D.; Wondie, M.; Teketay, D.; Eshete, A.; Darr, D. 2017. Wood extraction among the households of Zege Peninsula, northern Ethiopia. Ecological Economics, 142:177-184. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.002]
Forest resources ; Deforestation ; Forest management ; Forest degradation ; Smallholders ; Living standards ; Market surveys ; Participation ; Socioeconomic environment ; Wood ; Households ; Income generation / Ethiopia / Zega Peninsula
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048462)
The dependence of smallholder farmers on forest resources for their sustenance and livelihoods is a major driver of deforestation and degradation of forest resources in tropical countries. Understanding the socio-economic drivers that aggravate the extraction and overexploitation of forest products is vital for designing effective forest conservation and restoration measures. This particularly holds with regard to the importance of two fundamentally opposing motivations of smallholder forest exploitation, which we label “wood extraction for need” vs. “wood extraction for greed”. This study was conducted at Zege peninsula in Northern Ethiopia to investigate the factors affecting the extraction and marketing of wood from the peninsula's primary dry Afromontane forest by smallholders. Data was collected using household survey, focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. Data analysis employed the Heckman two-steps econometric model. The predominant involvement of vulnerable households in forest exploitation suggests that wood extraction was driven by need and mainly served sustenance and safety net functions. In addition, we also found evidence of greed-driven forest exploitation. As a consequence of selective rule enforcement and nepotism, the forest enforcement committee was not effective in safeguarding the forest, there by contributing to increased wood extraction and marketing by community members for income generation. This suggests that, in order to protect the forest, interventions are needed that aim at creating alternative income opportunities for smallholders through improved production of non-timber forest products, enhanced market access and the provision of locally adapted technologies; as well as at increasing the integrity of law enforcement.
6 Golub, A.; Lubowski, R.; Piris-Cabezas, P. 2017. Balancing risks from climate policy uncertainties: the role of options and reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Ecological Economics, 138:90-98. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.03.013]
Climate change ; Policy ; Uncertainty ; Risk reduction ; Emission reduction ; Deforestation ; Forest degradation ; REDD-plus ; Carbon markets ; Prices ; Costs ; Private enterprises ; Regulations ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048471)
(0.64 MB)
Progressively adjusting climate policies will entail adjustment costs for society. This paper develops a conceptual model and numerical example that illustrate the risk associated with exposure to the high costs of complying with future emissions controls and how this risks trades off against that from potentially premature investment into abatement. We then highlight the potentially unique role of tropical forest protection in helping to manage these risks by providing a cost-effective “buffer” of near term emissions reductions at a globally significant scale. This buffer would provide insurance against the risk of suddenly tightening targets, as well as providing other critical environmental benefits. We further examine how a version of a private finance instrument in the form of long-dated ‘call’ options on verified reductions in emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (i.e. REDD +) can help to operationalize this risk-hedging buffer creation. Options on REDD + could aid both regulated businesses and tropical nations to manage their respective risks. REDD + options could deliver sufficient abatement to significantly hedge exposure of regulated entities to potential corrections in climate policy while channeling financial resources to defer deforestation even as climate policies continue to evolve.
7 Stavi, I. 2022. Rio (1992) to Glasgow (2021): three decades of inadequate mitigation of climate change and its slow onset effects. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10:999788. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788]
Climate change mitigation ; Global warming ; Land degradation ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Soil salinization ; Forest degradation ; Sea level ; Coral bleaching ; Desertification ; Environmental pollution ; Ecosystem services ; Biodiversity ; Flooding ; Vegetation ; Small Island Developing States
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051510)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.999788/pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051510.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051510.pdf
(3.32 MB) (3.32 MB)
This study reviews the global increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), alongside the accelerated climatic change and its slow onset effects (or events) between 1992 and 2021. The establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, and the simultaneous UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, generated the international efforts to tackle climatic change. Over the years, the UNFCCC-Conference of the Parties (COP) has led the efforts in climate change mitigation and adaptation, with many sequential meetings across the world. Three decades later, at the COP26 meeting in Glasgow in 2021, it is evident that climate change impacts have substantially worsened. Despite some uncertainties, it seems that over the last three decades, the climate change slow onset events, including 1) increasing temperatures, 2) glacial retreat, 3) sea level rise, 4) ocean acidification, 5) soil salinization, 6) land and forest degradation, 7) loss of biodiversity, and 8) desertification, have substantially exacerbated. Simultaneously, other (non-GHGs related) anthropogenic impacts, including habitat fragmentation, land-use and sea-use change and misuse, species overexploitation, environmental pollution, infrastructure constructions, and urbanization, have considerably increased. With the aim of achieving the Shared Socio-Economic Pathways 1.9 (SSP1-1.9) or SSP1-2.6 ultimate goals—keeping global warming in 2,100 below 1.5°C or 2.0°C, respectively, compared to preindustrial levels—it may still be possible to avoid climate change’s irreversible tipping points. To reach this target, policymaking must become more decisive and proactive, with continuous risks assessment, frequent monitoring of outcomes and their compatibility to goals, implementing practical legislation tools, and assigning specific financial instruments, aimed at effectively tackling climate change slow onset events and related environmental issues. Substantial efforts should be invested in boosting climate change mitigation, while simultaneously targeting effective climatic change adaptation measures and promoting environmental conservation and restoration. Relying on tools such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will sustain provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services, thus improving water-, food-, environmental-, energy-, economic-, health-, and governance-security, while lessening the risks of social unrest, violent conflicts, mass migration, and other humanitarian catastrophes.
8 Girma, G.; Melka, Y.; Haileslassie, Amare; Mekuria, Wolde. 2023. Participatory forest management for improving livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation: lesson drawn from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, 5:100205. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crsust.2022.100205]
Sustainable forest management ; Participatory approaches ; Sustainable livelihoods ; Forest degradation ; Environmental degradation ; Climate change adaptation ; Institutions ; Households ; Local communities / Ethiopia / Central Rift Valley / Heban Arsi
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051657)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666049022000834/pdfft?md5=64d4b84e7067f0e85050e1e4a186993b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666049022000834-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051657.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051657.pdf
(3.23 MB) (3.23 MB)
The study was conducted in Heban Arsi district, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia to investigate the contribution of participatory forest management (PFM) to improving household’s livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation. Data were gathered using household surveys, observation, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. During the entire study, 231 households (131 from PFM; 100 form non-PFM households), 35 key informants (25 from PFM; 10 from non-PFM) and 10 focus groups (6 from PFM; 4 from non-PFM) were involved. The livelihood assets framework was used to organize and analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed using topic coding and building categories, themes, and patterns of relationships. The introduction of PFM significantly (P < 0.05) improved the overall natural (index value of 0.72 and 0.58 for PFM and non-PFM, respectively), financial (0.73 and 0.61), physical (0.49 and 0.37), human (0.62 and 0.57) and social (0.77 and 0.59) livelihood asset values of local communities and contributed to the mitigation of forest degradation. On average, households involved in PFM displayed a 61.6%, 45.7%, 30.8% and 24.2% improvements in natural, financial, physical, and social assets, respectively. Households engaged in PFM showed a 37.4% improvement on the overall livelihood assets value, suggesting that PFM households displayed better livelihood assets compared to non-PFM households. However, the overall contribution of PFM to the livelihood assets showed skewed structure, suggesting that the improvements deviate from sustainability. The existing institutional structure including bylaws contributed a lot to strengthen PFM. Yet, it is crucial to strengthening the protection of forestlands through improving rule enforcement and commitments of both formal and informal institutions in managing forest resources. Also, sustaining the extraction of wood and non-wood forest products and the benefits from as well as integration of other interventions in PFM areas such as the provision of improved cook stoves and solar PV could help reduce forest degradation, improve the sense of ownership among local communities and sustain PFM activities. Further, expanding capacity building trainings and improving access to market could play a great role to sustainably manage forest resources through increasing the participation of local communities in decision making processes.
9 Chen, S.; Olofsson, P.; Saphangthong, T.; Woodcock, C. E. 2023. Monitoring shifting cultivation in Laos with landsat time series. Remote Sensing of Environment, 288:113507. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113507]
Shifting cultivation ; Monitoring ; Landsat ; Swidden agriculture ; Forest degradation ; Deforestation ; Time series analysis ; Vegetation ; Landscape ; Land cover ; Land use ; REDD-plus / South East Asia / Lao People's Democratic Republic
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051717)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425723000585/pdfft?md5=3aec6f58a6fd04b9adde4b597b332649&pid=1-s2.0-S0034425723000585-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051717.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051717.pdf
(17.30 MB) (17.3 MB)
Shifting cultivation is an agricultural practice in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned, and vegetation is allowed to regenerate during fallow periods. Shifting cultivation is usually associated with cutting and burning forests and thus it is an important driver of forest disturbance in the tropics. However, studies of shifting cultivation are limited, and current area estimates of shifting cultivation are highly uncertain. Although Southeast Asia is a hotspot of shifting cultivation, there are no national maps of shifting cultivation in Southeast Asia at moderate or high resolution (less than or equal to 30 m). Monitoring shifting cultivation is challenging because it is highly dynamic, small-scale and results in complex post-disturbance landscapes. In this study, we monitored shifting cultivation using Landsat time series on Google Earth Engine for the entire country of Laos from 1991 to 2020. First, CCDC-SMA (Continuous Change Detection and Classification - Spectral Mixture Analysis) was used to detect forest disturbances. Then, these disturbances were attributed by combining time series analysis, object-based image analysis (OBIA), and post-disturbance land cover classification. Forest disturbances were assigned to Shifting cultivation, New plantation, Deforestation, Severe Drought, and Subtle Disturbance annually from 1991 to 2020 at a 30-m resolution. The major forest disturbances in 1991–2020 were mapped with an overall accuracy of 85%. Shifting cultivation is mapped with a producer's accuracy of 88% and a user's accuracy of 80%. The margin of error of the sampling-based area estimates of Shifting cultivation is 5.9%. Shifting cultivation is the main land use in Laos, accounting for 32.9% ± 1.9% of Laos over the past 30 years. To study changes in shifting cultivation over time, the area of shifting cultivation was estimated at 5-year intervals between 1991 and 2020 with all margins of error <17%. Results show that the area of slash-and-burn activities in Laos increased in 2015–2020. Our study provides an effective approach for monitoring shifting cultivation, which can be potentially applied into other regions. Our results not only provide valuable information for land management in Laos, but also can support analysis of spatial-temporal patterns of shifting cultivation and estimation of carbon emissions associated with shifting cultivation for REDD+ reporting.
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