Your search found 11 records
1 Yapi, Y. G.; Briet, Olivier; Vounatsou, P. 2006. Prevalence of geohelminths in savanna and forest areas of Cote d’Ivoire. West African Journal of Medicine, 25(2):124-125.
Public health ; Diseases ; Soils ; Villages ; Savannas ; Forests ; Helminths ; Ascariasis ; Children / Ivory Coast
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 616.96 G204 YAP Record No: H038173)
2 Valentin, Christian; Rajot, J. L.; Mitja, D. 2004. Responses of soil crusting, runoff and erosion to fallowing in the sub-humid and semi-arid regions of West Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 104:287-302.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.45 G190 VAL Record No: H038190)
3 Folke, C.; Carpenter, S.; Walker, B.; Scheffer, M.; Elmqvist, T.; Gunderson, L.; Holling, C. S. 2004. Regime shifts, resilience, and biodiversity in ecosystem management. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution & Systematics, 35:557-580.
Ecosystems ; Biodiversity ; Lakes ; Wetlands ; Estuaries ; Coral reefs ; Fisheries ; Savannas ; Forests
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7489 Record No: H038264)
4 International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Thailand. Land Development Department (LDD); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); FAO. Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP); Khon Kaen University. Faculty of Agriculture. 2005. Management of tropical sandy soils for sustainable agriculture: a holistic approach for sustainable development of problem soils in the tropics. Proceedings of the First Symposium on Management of Tropical Sandy Soils for Sustainable Ariculture, Khon Kaen, Thailand, 27 November – 2 December 2005. Bangkok, Thailand: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP). 524p.
Soil management ; Sandy soils ; Tropical soils ; Semiarid soils ; Sustainable agriculture ; Poverty ; Food production ; Soil chemicophysical properties ; Planting ; Eucalyptus ; Savannas ; Groundnuts ; Rain ; Farmers ; Farming systems ; Irrigation methods ; Livestock ; Socioeconomic environment ; Clay minerals ; Fertilizers ; Paddy fields ; Water erosion ; Wind erosion ; Case studies ; Hydraulics ; Soil organic matter ; Agroecosystems ; Farm ponds ; Watersheds ; Coastal area ; Infiltration water / Asia / Southern Africa / Eastern Africa / Latin America / Sahel / Northern Burkina Faso / South Africa / West Africa / Cambodia / Vietnam / China / Australia / Malawi / Niger / Guam / Northeast Thailand / Southern Brazil / Ecuador / Hainan / Bình Thuan / Thua Thien Hue / Zululand / Mangodara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 630 G000 INT Record No: H046693)
(16.90 MB) (16.9 MB)
5 Bhatta, G. D.; Aggarwal, Pramod Kumar. 2016. Coping with weather adversity and adaptation to climatic variability: a cross-country study of smallholder farmers in South Asia. Climate and Development, 8(2):145-157. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1016883]
Climate change ; Adaptation ; Weather ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Rain ; Living standards ; Households ; Coastal area ; Savannas ; Food security ; Cropping patterns / South Asia / Nepal / Bangladesh / India / Terai / Bihar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046903)
Concerns over climate change and climatic variability are growing in South Asia because of the potential detrimental impacts of these phenomena on livelihoods. Such growing concerns demonstrate a need to assess how farmers simultaneously cope with extreme events and adapt to climatic variability. Based on household surveys of 2660 farm families conducted in Nepal’s Terai, coastal Bangladesh, and the Indian state of Bihar, this paper seeks to (1) explore farmers’ coping strategies under adverse weather events; (2) identify key adaptation measures used by farmers; and (3) explore the policy interventions required to adjust agriculture to climatic variability. The study reveals that migration is the most important coping strategy of the households in Bihar and coastal Bangladesh, while reliance on credit markets is the most important in Terai. Farmers in the areas with higher rainfall variability pursue a higher number of coping strategies compared to farmers in areas with lower rainfall variability. Food available months are also higher in areas with higher rainfall variability. Across all sites, the most frequently mentioned adaptive practices are changing cropping patterns and adoption of resilient crop varieties. A large number of farmers place emphasis on breeding crop varieties that tolerate adverse weather. Governments should implement a number of planned activities to cope with adverse events, with the aim that these activities would be synergistic with adaptation to climate change.
6 Yira, Y.; Diekkruger, B.; Steup, G.; Bossa, A. Y. 2016. Modeling land use change impacts on water resources in a tropical West African catchment (Dano, Burkina Faso). Journal of Hydrology, 537:187-199. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.052]
Land use ; Land cover change ; Water resources ; Hydrology ; Models ; Water balance ; Groundwater ; Water levels ; Flow discharge ; Catchment areas ; Soil moisture ; Evapotranspiration ; Farmland ; Savannas ; Tropical zones ; Maps / West Africa / Burkina Faso / Dano
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047556)
(0.85 MB)
This study investigates the impacts of land use change on water resources in the Dano catchment, Burkina Faso, using a physically based hydrological simulation model and land use scenarios. Land use dynamic in the catchment was assessed through the analysis of four land use maps corresponding to the land use status in 1990, 2000, 2007, and 2013. A reclassification procedure levels out differences between the classification schemes of the four maps. The land use maps were used to build five land use scenarios corresponding to different levels of land use change in the catchment. Water balance was simulated by applying the Water flow and balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) using observed discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater level for model calibration and validation. Model statistical quality measures (R2 , NSE and KGE) achieved during calibration and validation ranged between 0.6 and 0.9 for total discharge, soil moisture, and groundwater level, indicating a good agreement between observed and simulated variables. After a successful multivariate validation the model was applied to the land use scenarios. The land use assessment exhibited a decrease of savannah at an annual rate of 2% since 1990. Conversely, cropland and urban areas have increased. Since urban areas occupy only 3% of the catchment it can be assumed that savannah was mainly converted to cropland. The conversion rate of savannah was lower than the annual population growth of 3%. A clear increase in total discharge (+17%) and decrease in evapotranspiration ( 5%) was observed following land use change in the catchment. A strong relationship was established between savannah degradation, cropland expansion, discharge increase and reduction of evapotranspiration. The increase in total discharge is related to high peak flow, suggesting (i) an increase in water resources that are not available for plant growth and human consumption and (ii) an alteration of flood risk for both the population within and downstream of the catchment.
7 Falkenmark, M. 2017. Water and human livelihood resilience: a regional-to-global outlook. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 33(2):181-197. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2016.1190320]
Water resources ; Living standards ; Freshwater ; Groundwater ; Resilience ; Water governance ; Precipitation ; Rain ; Flow discharge ; Environmental effects ; Ecosystems ; Savannas ; Landscape conservation ; Food production ; Land use ; Hydrological cycle ; Ecological factors / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048016)
(1.67 MB)
This article addresses the need to profoundly expand the way we think about freshwater. Stressing water’s role as the bloodstream of the biosphere, the article highlights water’s functions in sustaining life on the planet (control, state and moisture feedback functions), the role of water partitioning changes in inducing non-linear change at multiple scales, and humanity’s influence on a social-ecological system’s capacity to adapt and continue to function. It reviews water’s roles during its journey through the upper layers of the land mass, different types of water–ecosystem interactions, and water’s roles in landscape-scale resilience building.
8 Asante, W. A.; Acheampong, E.; Kyereh, E.; Kyereh, B. 2017. Farmers’ perspectives on climate change manifestations in smallholder cocoa farms and shifts in cropping systems in the forest-savannah transitional zone of Ghana. Land Use Policy, 66:374-381. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.05.010]
Climate change adaptation ; Farmers attitudes ; Cropping systems ; Farming systems ; Theobroma cacao ; Forests ; Savannas ; Agroecological zones ; Land use ; Landscape ; Smallholders ; Living standards ; Indicators ; Strategies / Ghana / Brong Ahafo Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048312)
(0.55 MB)
The study was conducted to explore actual manifestations of climate change in smallholder cocoa farms to aid extension response to climate impacts, and to understand the reasons for a renewed interest in cocoa production in the forest-savanna agro ecological landscape in Ghana, in spite of unfavorable climatic conditions. Two hundred cocoa farmers were interviewed in nine cocoa farming communities. Selected farms were also visited to document on-farm manifestation of climate impacts as well as innovations and strategies farmers are employing to respond to the adverse impacts of climate change on their cocoa systems. The results revealed various manifestations of climate impacts on cocoa farms which included, increased incidence of pests and diseases, wilting of cocoa leaves, high mortality of cocoa seedlings which affected expansion and farm rehabilitation, and wilting of cherelles resulting in low yield. The farmers maintained that their response to the immediate impacts of climate on cocoa was a shift to cereals due to the unpredictable climatic patterns and the shortened duration of rainfall. However, a combination of storage and supply chain challenges and low returns from cereal production, coupled with land scarcity in the Western Region, where most of them are migrant farmers accounted for their decision to return to cocoa production lately. It was observed, among other adaptive responses, that some farmers plant about three times the plantain suckers they usually plant, to provide a dense temporary shade over cocoa seedlings, and resort to planting more cocoa seedlings randomly per unit area on new farms, contrary to recommended planting approach, as a form of insurance against seedling mortality. More importantly, a community-based fire response system was identified to be a major safeguard mechanism to the threat of fire. Clearly, the farmers are not replanting cocoa in the forest-savanna agro ecological landscape because it is more productive than cereals, but they believe that a low yielding cocoa is far better than a productive cereal cropping systems that offer low returns when compared to cocoa. The study brings out the sustainable livelihood challenges of the rural farmer within the context of a changing climate for appropriate policy response.
9 Aynekulu, E.; Mekuria, Wolde; Tsegaye, D.; Feyissa, K.; Angassa, A.; de Leeuw, J.; Shepherd, K. 2017. Long-term livestock exclosure did not affect soil carbon in southern Ethiopian rangelands. Geoderma, 307:1-7. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.07.030]
Grassland management ; Rangelands ; Carbon sequestration ; Soil sampling ; Soil properties ; Land degradation ; Ecosystem services ; Dry season ; Semiarid zones ; Savannas / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048465)
Controlled grazing management is considered as an effective strategy to enhance soil carbon sequestration, but empirical evidences are scarce. Particularly, the role of livestock exclusion related to soil carbon sequestration is not well understood in arid and semiarid savannas of Africa. We investigated the effectiveness of long-term (14–36 years old) exclosures in enhancing soil carbon in the semiarid savanna, southern Ethiopia. We tested for differences in soil carbon content between exclosures and adjacent open-grazed rangelands, while accounting for effects of age of exclosures and soil depths. We collected soil samples at two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm depths) from 96 plots from 12 exclosure and adjacent open grazing sites. We found no significant differences (P > 0.05) between exclosures and adjacent open-grazed rangelands in soil carbon content in both soil depths. The age chronosequence further suggested a weak non-linear trend in increasing soil carbon content with increasing duration of exclosures. These results thus challenge the opinion that controlled grazing enhances soil carbon sequestration in semiarid savannas. However, we remain cautious in regard to the conclusiveness of these findings given the paucity of information regarding other confounding factors which may disentangle the effects of the exclosure, and most importantly in the absence of soil data prior to exclosures.
10 Chapungu, L.; Nhamo, Luxon; Gatti, R. C. 2020. Estimating biomass of savanna grasslands as a proxy of carbon stock using multispectral remote sensing. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 17:100275. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2019.100275]
Carbon stock assessments ; Savannas ; Grasslands ; Biomass ; Estimation ; Remote sensing ; Climate change ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Ecosystems ; Satellite imagery ; Landsat ; Models / Zimbabwe / Mashonaland / Shamva / Bindura
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049412)
(1.70 MB)
Limited research has been done to estimate the root biomass (belowground biomass) of savanna grasslands. The advent of remote sensing and related products have facilitated the estimation of biomass in terrestrial ecosystems, providing a synoptic overview on ecosystems biomass. Multispectral remote sensing was used in this study to estimate total biomass (belowground and aboveground) of selected tropical savanna grassland species. Total biomass was estimated by assessing the relationship between aboveground and belowground biomass, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and belowground biomass, and NDVI and total biomass. Results showed a positive significant relationship (p ¼ 0.005) between belowground and aboveground biomass. NDVI was significantly correlated (p ¼ 0.0386) to aboveground biomass and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 18.97 whilst the model BIAS was 0.019, values within acceptable ranges. A significant relationship (p ¼ 0) was found between belowground biomass and NDVI and the RMSE was 5.53 and the model BIAS was 0.0041. More so, a significant relationship (p ¼ 0.054) was observed between NDVI and total biomass. The positive relationships between NDVI and total grass biomass and the lack of bias in the model provides an opportunity to routinely monitor carbon stock and assess seasonal carbon storage fluctuations in grasslands. There is great potential in the ability of remote sensing to become an indispensable tool for assessing, monitoring and inventorying carbon stocks in grassland ecosystems under tropical savanna conditions.
11 Jena, S.; Panda, R. K.; Ramadas, M.; Mohanty, B. P.; Samantaray, A. K.; Pattanaik, S. K. 2021. Characterization of groundwater variability using hydrological, geological, and climatic factors in data-scarce tropical savanna region of India. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 37:100887. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100887]
Groundwater ; Hydrogeology ; Climatic factors ; Land use ; Land cover ; Savannas ; Aquifers ; River basins ; Rain ; Geomorphology ; Topography / India / Odisha
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050697)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581821001166/pdfft?md5=5803ba8adba3ab6a18c6c2bf86c59a78&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581821001166-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050697.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050697.pdf
(12.60 MB) (12.6 MB)
Study Region: State of Odisha, a data-scarce tropical savanna region in eastern India.
Study Focus: This study evaluated the temporal variability in depth to groundwater (DTW) in the study region with heavily stressed aquifers during 1995–2015 using the modified Mann Kendall test. Subsequently, Shannon’s entropy assessed spatial variability in DTW and determined the dominant Hydrological, Geological, and Climatological (HGC) factor regulating the observed spatio-temporal variability taking land use/ land cover (LULC), geomorphology, lithology, topography, and rainfall as HGC factors.
New Hydrological Insights: The overall and seasonal trend analysis revealed that the study region possessed both rising and declining trends with a slightly higher percentage of wells with a rising trend. The spatial distribution of trends and the associated magnitude accentuated the unforeseen groundwater temporal variability and higher-order susceptibility of DTW to rising and declining trends. The marginal entropy revealed the higher-order spatial variability associated with deeper DTW and vice versa. Evaluation of the HGC factors revealed that LULC could explain the maximum variability in the DTW as a dominant HGC factor. It was found that the impact of LULC features on DTW variability is not straightforward, necessitating impact assessment studies in the location with significant to highly significant trends. This formulated approach can immensely contribute to the planning and management in attaining groundwater sustainability in data-scarce regions.
Study Focus: This study evaluated the temporal variability in depth to groundwater (DTW) in the study region with heavily stressed aquifers during 1995–2015 using the modified Mann Kendall test. Subsequently, Shannon’s entropy assessed spatial variability in DTW and determined the dominant Hydrological, Geological, and Climatological (HGC) factor regulating the observed spatio-temporal variability taking land use/ land cover (LULC), geomorphology, lithology, topography, and rainfall as HGC factors.
New Hydrological Insights: The overall and seasonal trend analysis revealed that the study region possessed both rising and declining trends with a slightly higher percentage of wells with a rising trend. The spatial distribution of trends and the associated magnitude accentuated the unforeseen groundwater temporal variability and higher-order susceptibility of DTW to rising and declining trends. The marginal entropy revealed the higher-order spatial variability associated with deeper DTW and vice versa. Evaluation of the HGC factors revealed that LULC could explain the maximum variability in the DTW as a dominant HGC factor. It was found that the impact of LULC features on DTW variability is not straightforward, necessitating impact assessment studies in the location with significant to highly significant trends. This formulated approach can immensely contribute to the planning and management in attaining groundwater sustainability in data-scarce regions.
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