Your search found 6 records
1 Petropoulos, G. P. 2014. Remote sensing of energy fluxes and soil moisture content. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press. 506p.
Remote sensing ; Energy balance ; Soil moisture ; Soil properties ; Hydrology ; Models ; Climate change ; Heat ; Flooding ; Agroecosystems ; Spatial distribution ; Evapotranspiration ; Radar ; Satellite observation ; Environmental factors ; Land use ; Vegetation ; Measurement ; Case studies ; Solar radiation ; Water balance / Brazil
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.52530287 G000 PET Record No: H046471)
(0.44 MB)
2 Ortiz, R.; Jarvis, A.; Fox, P.; Aggarwal, Pramod; Campbell, B. M. 2014. Plant genetic engineering, climate change and food security. 27p. (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Working Paper 72)
Plant genetics ; Climate change ; Adaptation ; Food security ; Emission reduction ; Agriculture ; Drought ; Salinity ; Heat ; Public health ; Human nutrition ; Crops ; Environmental effects ; Farming systems ; Living standards
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046809)
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/41934/CCAFS%20WP%2072.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046809.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046809.pdf
(1.58 MB) (1.58 MB)
This paper explores whether crop genetic engineering can contribute to addressing food security, as well as enhancing human nutrition and farming under a changing climate. The review is based on peer-refereed literature, using results to determine the potential of this gene technology. It also provides a brief summary of issues surrounding this genetic enhancement approach to plant breeding, and the impacts on farming, livelihoods, and the environment achieved so far. The genetic engineering pipeline looks promising, particularly for adapting more nutritious, input-efficient crops in the development of the world’s farming systems.
3 Mekonnen, M. M.; Gerbens-Leenes, P. W.; Hoekstra, A. Y. 2015. The consumptive water footprint of electricity and heat: a global assessment. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 1(3):285-297. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00026b]
Water footprint ; Water use ; Energy generation ; Water power ; Electricity generation ; Heat ; Energy sources ; Renewable energy ; Geothermal energy ; Nuclear energy ; Fossil fuels ; Fuel consumption ; Supply chain ; Water scarcity
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047596)
(2.12 MB)
Water is essential for electricity and heat production. This study assesses the consumptive water footprint (WF) of electricity and heat generation per world region in the three main stages of the production chain, i.e. fuel supply, construction and operation. We consider electricity from power plants using coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, uranium or biomass as well as electricity from wind, solar and geothermal energy and hydropower. The global consumptive WF of electricity and heat is estimated to be 378 billion m3 per year. Wind energy (0.2–12 m3 TJe -1 ), solar energy through PV (6–303 m3 TJe -1 ) and geothermal energy (7–759 m3 TJe -1 ) have the smallest WFs, while biomass (50 000–500 000 m3 TJe -1 ) and hydropower (300–850 000 m3 TJe -1 ) have the largest. The WFs of electricity from fossil fuels and nuclear energy range between the extremes. The global weighted-average WF of electricity and heat is 4241 m3 TJe -1 . Europe has the largest WF (22% of the total), followed by China (15%), Latin America (14%), the USA and Canada (12%), and India (9%). Hydropower (49%) and firewood (43%) dominate the global WF. Operations (global average 57%) and fuel supply (43%) contribute the most, while the WF of construction is negligible (0.02%). Electricity production contributes 90% to the total WF, and heat contributes 10%. In 2012, the global WF of electricity and heat was 1.8 times larger than that in 2000. The WF of electricity and heat from firewood increased four times, and the WF of hydropower grew by 23%. The sector's WF can be most effectively reduced by shifting to greater contributions of wind, PV and geothermal energy.
4 Im, E.-S.; Pal, J. S.; Eltahir, E. A. B. 2017. Deadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia. Science Advances, 3(8):1-7. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1603322]
Climate change ; Environmental temperature ; Heat ; Waves ; Forecasting ; Farmland ; Population density ; Public health ; Experimental design ; Models ; Spatial distribution / South Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048294)
http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/8/e1603322.full.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048294.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048294.pdf
(2.97 MB) (2.97 MB)
The risk associated with any climate change impact reflects intensity of natural hazard and level of human vulnerability. Previous work has shown that a wet-bulb temperature of 35°C can be considered an upper limit on human survivability. On the basis of an ensemble of high-resolution climate change simulations, we project that extremes of wet-bulb temperature in South Asia are likely to approach and, in a few locations, exceed this critical threshold by the late 21st century under the business-as-usual scenario of future greenhouse gas emissions. The most intense hazard from extreme future heat waves is concentrated around densely populated agricultural regions of the Ganges and Indus river basins. Climate change, without mitigation, presents a serious and unique risk in South Asia, a region inhabited by about one-fifth of the global human population, due to an unprecedented combination of severe natural hazard and acute vulnerability.
5 Zhang, X.; Gu, X.; Slater, L. J.; Dembele, Moctar; Tosunoglu, F.; Guan, Y.; Liu, J.; Zhang, X.; Kong, D.; Xie, F.; Tang, X. 2023. Amplification of coupled hot-dry extremes over eastern monsoon China. Earth's Future, 11(12):e2023EF003604. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003604]
Extreme weather events ; Monsoons ; Dry spells ; Heat ; Air temperature ; Humidity ; Precipitation / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052480)
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023EF003604
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052480.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052480.pdf
(10.40 MB) (10.4 MB)
High air temperatures and low atmospheric humidity can result in severe disasters such as flash droughts in regions characterized by high humidity (monsoon regions). However, it remains unclear whether responses of hot extremes to warming temperature are amplified on dry days as well as the response of dry extremes on hot days. Here, taking eastern monsoon China (EMC) as a typical monsoon region, we find a faster increase in air temperature on drier summer days, and a faster decrease in atmospheric humidity on hotter days, indicating “hotter days get drier” and “drier days get hotter” (i.e., coupling hotter and drier extremes), especially in southern EMC. The southern EMC is also a hotspot where the coupling hot-dry extremes has become significantly stronger during the past six decades. The stronger hot-dry coupling in southern EMC is associated with anomalies in large-scale circulations, such as reduced total cloud cover, abnormal anticyclones in the upper atmosphere, intense descending motion, and strong moisture divergence over this region. Land-atmosphere feedback enhance the hot-dry coupling in southern EMC by increasing land surface dryness (seen as a decrease in the evaporation fraction). The decreasing evaporation fraction is associated with drying surface soil moisture, controlled by decreases in pre-summer 1-m soil moisture and summer-mean precipitation. Given hot extremes are projected to increase and atmospheric humidity is predicted to decrease in the future, it is very likely that increasing hot-dry days and associated disasters will be witnessed in monsoon regions, which should be mitigated against by adopting adaptive measures.
6 Sahana, V.; Suresh, N.; Mondal, A.; Mishra, T. 2023. Heat wave hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment for India [Abstract only]. Paper presented at the American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting 2023 (AGU23), San Francisco, CA, USA and Online, 11-15 December 2023. 2p.
Temperature ; Heat ; Vulnerability ; Risk assessment ; Weather hazards ; Climate change ; Public health / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052503)
https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm23/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/1399306
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052503.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052503.pdf
(0.39 MB)
Global warming and rising temperatures have increased the occurrence and severity of heat waves across the globe. In India, the heatwave situation could break human survivability, thus jeopardizing food security, public health, as well as economic productivity of the country. With the growing population and as a developing economy, heatwave risk assessment in India is at most important and the analysis must account for changing climate and socio-economic conditions for planning effective heat wave mitigation and adaptation policies. We present a comprehensive district-level analysis of heatwave risk assessment considering the hazard and vulnerability aspects with a focus on regions that are prone to pre-monsoon heatwaves. The heatwave magnitude index is used to compute heatwave hazard at a pentad scale (5 years). Further, the robust aggregation method - Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used for heatwave vulnerability assessment. Health, infrastructure, technological, financial, social and exposure indicators from National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS) and other remote sensing datasets are used for mapping heatwave vulnerability. In addition, the study identifies the hotspots of heatwave risk and their driving factors to decipher the individual roles in enhancing the risk of heatwaves and associated impacts such as mortality and health degradation. Therefore, our analysis can inform the climate and heat action plans of municipalities and corporations.
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