Your search found 17 records
1 Kishore, A.; Verma, S. 2003. What determines pumping behaviour of tubewell owners: marginal cost or opportunity cost? IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 6/2003. 5p.
Tube wells ; Pumping ; Costs ; Water rates ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater irrigation / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G635 KIS Record No: H031800)
(0.79 MB)
Research highlight based on a paper titled ôPumping behaviour under different tariff regimes: The Anand surveyö
2 Kishore, A.; Sharma, A.; Scott, C. A. 2003. Power supply to agriculture: reassessing the options. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 7/2003. 7p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G635 KIS Record No: H031801)
(1,0008.53 KB)
Research highlight based on a paper titled ôIssues in energy-irrigation nexux: An overviewö
3 Mukherji, A.; Kishore, A.. 2003. Tubewell transfer in Gujarat: a study of the GWRDC approach. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). vi, 34p. (IWMI Research Report 069) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.022]
Tube wells ; Privatization ; Groundwater management ; Economic aspects ; Operations ; Maintenance ; Equity ; Farmers? attitudes ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Policy / India / Gujarat
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G635 MUK Record No: H032952)
(1.48MB)
In India public (government) tubewells were built with the intention of providing irrigation to all categories of farmers in a fair, equitable and affordable manner. However, most public tubewell programs across India have failed on all these counts. Efforts to transfer their management to water users too have met with little success. Nonetheless, the Gujarat Water Resources Development Corporation (GWRDC)-a state-owned public company-has achieved rare success in tubewell transfer by handing over management of around 60 percent of public tubewells in the Gujarat state to user groups. This study tries to identify the factors that helped in accelerating the transfer process and evaluate the performance of transferred tubewells against those owned by individuals and GWRDC. It also suggests some policy changes that can make the scheme function better and explores the replicability of the success achieved in Gujarat.
4 Shah, Tushaar; Scott, C.; Kishore, A.; Sharma, A. 2007. Energy-irrigation nexus in South Asia: improving groundwater conservation and power sector viability. In Giordano, Mark; Villholth, Karen G. (Eds.). The agricultural groundwater revolution: opportunities and threats to development. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.211-242. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 3)
Tube wells ; Energy consumption ; Costs ; Electricity supplies ; Groundwater irrigation ; Water policy ; Pumps ; Farmer-led irrigation ; Water rates / South Asia / India / Pakistan / Bangladesh / Nepal / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.6.3 G000 GIO Record No: H040049)
5 Shah, Tushaar; Scott, Christopher; Berkoff, J.; Kishore, A.; Sharma, A. 2007. The energy-irrigation nexus in South Asia: groundwater conservation and power sector viability. In Molle, Francois; Berkoff, J. (Eds.). Irrigation water pricing: the gap between theory and practice. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.208-232. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 4)
Tube well irrigation ; Groundwater irrigation ; Energy ; Electricity supplies ; User charges ; Water rates / South Asia / India / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.4 G000 MOL Record No: H040608)
6 Shah, Tushaar; Kishore, A.; Hemant, P. 2009. Monsoon failure: bracing for the 2009 drought. Pragati - The Indian National Interest Review, 30:20-22.
Rain ; Drought ; Rice ; Dairying ; Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater management ; Water storage / India / Gujarat / Andhra Pradesh / Bihar / Orissa / Rajasthan / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042331)
http://pragati.nationalinterest.in/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/pragati-issue30-sep2009-communityed.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042331.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042331.pdf
(0.18 MB)
7 Shah, Tushaar; Kishore, A.; Hemant, P. 2009. Will the impact of the 2009 drought be different from 2002? Economic and Political weekly, 44(37):11-14.
Drought ; Water scarcity ; Water shortage ; Rain ; Groundwater management ; Tube wells ; Rice ; Milk production ; Dairying ; Aquifers ; Water storage / India / Rajasthan / Andhra Pradesh / Gujarat / Karnataka / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H034806)
(0.80 MB)
Groundwater, which has emerged as India’s prime adaptive mechanism in times of drought, will play a crucial role this year since the aquifers were recharged in 2006-08. The impact of the drought of 2009 will therefore be less severe than the drought of 2002. Beyond the immediate response, we need to think long term. Instead of pumping money into dams and canals, Indian agriculture will be better off investing in “groundwater banking”. This involves storing surplus flood waters in aquifers which can be drawn upon in times of need.
8 Shah, Tushaar; Kishore, A.. 2012. Solar-powered pump irrigation and India’s groundwater economy: a preliminary discussion of opportunities and threats. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 26. 7p.
Solar energy ; Pumping ; Groundwater ; Water governance ; Economic aspects ; Irrigated farming / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045438)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/iwmi-tata/PDFs/2012_Highlight-26.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/h045438.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/h045438.pdf
(6.61 MB) (1.43MB)
9 Kishore, A.; Lamba, Sneha; Shah, Tushaar; Tewari, N. P. 2012. How do some small farmers become prosperous?: some observations and questions. IWMI-Tata Water Policy Research Highlight, 48. 5p.
Smallholders ; Case studies ; Farmers ; Crop production ; Risks ; Non governmental organizations / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 48. 5p. Record No: H045497)
(1.11MB)
10 Kishore, A.; Shah, Tushaar; Tewari, N. P. 2014. Solar irrigation pumps: farmers’ experience and state policy in Rajasthan [India]. Economic and Political Weekly, 49(10):55-62.
Solar energy ; Drip irrigation ; Pumps ; Farmers ; State intervention ; Subsidies ; Prices ; Water use efficiency / India / Rajasthan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046323)
(0.24 MB)
11 Kishore, A.; Birthal, P. S.; Joshi, P. K.; Shah, Tushaar; Saini, A. 2016. Patterns and drivers of dairy development in India: insights from analysis of household and district-level data. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 29(1):1-14. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-0279.2016.00014.8]
Dairy production ; Milk production ; Households ; Smallholders ; Urbanization ; Crop production ; Crop management ; Diversification ; Farmers ; Bovines ; Cattle ; Buffaloes ; Groundwater irrigation ; Land ownership ; Population density ; Fertilizer application ; Economic growth / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047946)
Traditionally, Indian farmers kept bovines, especially cattle, for draught purposes in agriculture and transportation with milk as an adjunct. However, with increasing farm mechanization and rising demand for milk, the bovine functions have shifted more towards dairying. While bovine population has been increasing, the chronic scarcity of feed and fodder reinforces the need for optimization of bovine population for sustainable growth of dairying. In this paper, using district-level data from 1997 to 2007, we show that this transformation from draught to dairying is underway in some parts of the country, and further using household-level data, we find that smallholders have contributed disproportionately more to this transformation. This transformation or intensification of dairying is demand-driven with urbanization having a strong positive influence on dairy development. On the supply-side, factors like farm mechanization, improved access to groundwater irrigation and crop diversification away from cereals, are associated with a shift in the bovine economy from draught to dairying.
12 Kishore, A.; Joshi, P. K.; Pandey, D. 2017. Harnessing the sun for an evergreen revolution: a study of solar-powered irrigation in Bihar, India. Water International, 42(3):291-307. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2017.1312085]
Solar energy ; Pumps ; Groundwater irrigation ; Tube wells ; Public sector ; Renewable energy ; Energy generation ; Photovoltaic systems ; Irrigated farming ; Seasonal cropping ; Rice ; Transplanting ; Wheat ; Crop yield ; Irrigated land ; Drought ; Water user associations ; Farmers ; Irrigation rates ; Costs ; Performance evaluation / India / Bihar / Nalanda
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048091)
(1.54 MB)
In 2012, the government of Bihar revived 34 non-functioning public tubewells using solar panels. The performance of 16 of these wells over 12 months was tracked and analyzed using data from tubewell operators and 240 farmers. Access to affordable irrigation from solar pumps led to a 9–10% increase in productivity of rice and wheat. Furthermore, in a severe drought, farmers could grow paddy in the entire area irrigated by solar pumps, when nearly 40% of other land was left fallow. Solar pumps can help increase crop productivity, reduce the cost of irrigation, and make agriculture more resilient to climate change.
13 Abhishek; Bhamoriya, V.; Gupta, P.; Kaushik, M.; Kishore, A.; Kumar, R.; Sharma, A.; Verma, S. 2020. India’s food system in the time of COVID-19. Economic and Political Weekly, 55(15):12-14.
Food systems ; Food supply chains ; Coronavirus disease ; Financial situation ; Markets ; Economic aspects ; Labour / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049665)
(0.25 MB)
India’s complete lockdown has caused unnecessary disruptions in the food supply chain, with the scarcity of labour making it even worse. A sharp decline in demand is imminent with the fi nancial sector being in a freeze and incomes having shrunk for everyone, except for the small salaried class. Consumer sentiment and business outlook on recovery are bleak. While ensuring the free movement of essential goods and availability and safety of labour can mitigate the immediate disruptions in the supply chain, unclogging the financial sector and restoring optimism in the market will take time and heroic efforts from the government.
14 Mukherji, Aditi; Kishore, A.; Rashid, S. 2022. Regional developments: South Asia. In International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 2022 Global food policy report: climate change and food systems. Washington, DC, USA: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). pp.128-132. (Global Food Policy Report)
Climate change adaptation ; Climate change mitigation ; Agrifood systems ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Weather hazards ; Extreme weather events ; Weather forecasting ; Technology ; Agriculture ; Diversification ; Groundwater ; Irrigation ; Policies ; Glaciers / South Asia / India / Bangladesh / Pakistan
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051163)
https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/135892/filename/136097.pdf#page=15
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051163.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051163.pdf
(0.11 MB) (2.22 MB)
15 Urfels, A.; Mausch, K.; Harris, D.; McDonald, A. J.; Kishore, A.; Balwinder-Singh; van Halsema, G.; Struik, P. C.; Craufurd, P.; Foster, T.; Singh, V.; Krupnik, T. 2023. Farm size limits agriculture's poverty reduction potential in Eastern India even with irrigation-led intensification. Agricultural Systems, 207:103618. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103618]
Farm size ; Poverty reduction ; Intensification ; Food security ; Climate resilience ; Smallholders ; Rice ; Sustainable agriculture ; Cropping systems ; Households ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Farm income ; Crop production ; Value chains / South Asia / India / Bihar / Indo-Gangetic Plains
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051731)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X23000239/pdfft?md5=2a024959f5d2befb681e065be718b7c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X23000239-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051731.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051731.pdf
(4.48 MB) (4.48 MB)
CONTEXT: Millions of people living in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of India engage in agriculture to support their livelihoods yet are income poor, and food and climate insecure. To address these challenges, policymakers and development programs invest in irrigation-led agricultural intensification. However, the evidence for agricultural intensification to lift farmers' incomes above the poverty line remains largely anecdotal.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to use a large household survey (n = 15,572; rice: 8244, wheat: 7328; 2017/18) to assess the link between agricultural intensification and personal daily incomes from farming (FPDI) in the rice-wheat systems of the EGP – the dominant cropping system of the region.
METHODS: We use the Intensification Benefit Index (IBI), a measure that relates farm size and household size to FPDI, to assess how daily incomes from rice-wheat production change with irrigation-led intensification across the EGP.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the international poverty line of 1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)$ day-1 and accounting for variations in HH size in the analysis, we found that small farm sizes limit the potential for agricultural intensification from irrigation to transform the poverty status of households in the bottom three quartiles of the IBI. The estimated median FPDI of households with intensified systems in the bottom three quartiles is only 0.51 PPP$ day-1 (a 0.15 PPP$ gain). The median FPDI increases to 2.10 PPP$ day-1 for households in the upper quartile of the IBI distribution (a 0.30 PPP$ gain). Irrigation-led agricultural intensification of rice-wheat systems in the EGP may provide substantial benefits for resilience to climatic change and food security but achieving meaningful poverty reduction will require complementary investments.
SIGNIFICANCE: Transforming the poverty status of most smallholder farmers in the EGP requires diversified portfolios of rural on- and off-farm income-generating opportunities. While bolstering food- and climate security, agronomic intervention programs should consider smallholders' limited monetary incentives to invest in intensification. Irrigation-led agricultural intensification programs and policies should explicitly account for the heterogeneity in household resources, irrigation levels, and degree of dependence on agricultural income.
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to use a large household survey (n = 15,572; rice: 8244, wheat: 7328; 2017/18) to assess the link between agricultural intensification and personal daily incomes from farming (FPDI) in the rice-wheat systems of the EGP – the dominant cropping system of the region.
METHODS: We use the Intensification Benefit Index (IBI), a measure that relates farm size and household size to FPDI, to assess how daily incomes from rice-wheat production change with irrigation-led intensification across the EGP.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Relative to the international poverty line of 1.90 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)$ day-1 and accounting for variations in HH size in the analysis, we found that small farm sizes limit the potential for agricultural intensification from irrigation to transform the poverty status of households in the bottom three quartiles of the IBI. The estimated median FPDI of households with intensified systems in the bottom three quartiles is only 0.51 PPP$ day-1 (a 0.15 PPP$ gain). The median FPDI increases to 2.10 PPP$ day-1 for households in the upper quartile of the IBI distribution (a 0.30 PPP$ gain). Irrigation-led agricultural intensification of rice-wheat systems in the EGP may provide substantial benefits for resilience to climatic change and food security but achieving meaningful poverty reduction will require complementary investments.
SIGNIFICANCE: Transforming the poverty status of most smallholder farmers in the EGP requires diversified portfolios of rural on- and off-farm income-generating opportunities. While bolstering food- and climate security, agronomic intervention programs should consider smallholders' limited monetary incentives to invest in intensification. Irrigation-led agricultural intensification programs and policies should explicitly account for the heterogeneity in household resources, irrigation levels, and degree of dependence on agricultural income.
16 Crona, B. I.; Wassenius, E.; Jonell, M.; Koehn, J. Z.; Short, R.; Tigchelaar, M.; Daw, T. M.; Golden, C. D.; Gephart, J. A.; Allison, E. H.; Bush, S. R.; Cao, L.; Cheung, W. W. L.; DeClerck, F.; Fanzo, J.; Gelcich, S.; Kishore, A.; Halpern, B. S.; Hicks, C. C.; Leape, J. P.; Little, D. C.; Micheli, F.; Naylor, R. L.; Phillips, M.; Selig, E. R.; Springmann, M.; Sumaila, U. R.; Troell, M.; Thilsted, S. H.; Wabnitz, C. C. C. 2023. Four ways blue foods can help achieve food system ambitions across nations. Nature, 25p. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05737-x]
Food systems ; Ecological footprint ; Livelihoods ; Environmental impact ; Food policies ; Resilience ; Greenhouse gases ; Food production ; Food security
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051782)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05737-x.pdf?pdf=button%20sticky
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051782.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051782.pdf
(9.75 MB) (9.75 MB)
Blue foods, sourced in aquatic environments, are important for the economies, livelihoods, nutritional security and cultures of people in many nations. They are often nutrient rich1, generate lower emissions and impacts on land and water than many terrestrial meats2, and contribute to the health3, wellbeing and livelihoods of many rural communities4. The Blue Food Assessment recently evaluated nutritional, environmental, economic and justice dimensions of blue foods globally. Here we integrate these findings and translate them into four policy objectives to help realize the contributions that blue foods can make to national food systems around the world: ensuring supplies of critical nutrients, providing healthy alternatives to terrestrial meat, reducing dietary environmental footprints and safeguarding blue food contributions to nutrition, just economies and livelihoods under a changing climate. To account for how context-specific environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects affect this contribution, we assess the relevance of each policy objective for individual countries, and examine associated co-benefits and trade-offs at national and international scales. We find that in many African and South American nations, facilitating consumption of culturally relevant blue food, especially among nutritionally vulnerable population segments, could address vitamin B12 and omega-3 deficiencies. Meanwhile, in many global North nations, cardiovascular disease rates and large greenhouse gas footprints from ruminant meat intake could be lowered through moderate consumption of seafood with low environmental impact. The analytical framework we provide also identifies countries with high future risk, for whom climate adaptation of blue food systems will be particularly important. Overall the framework helps decision makers to assess the blue food policy objectives most relevant to their geographies, and to compare and contrast the benefits and trade-offs associated with pursuing these objectives.
17 Balasubramanya, S.; Garrick, D.; Brozovic, N.; Ringler, C.; Zaveri, E.; Rodella, A.-S.; Buisson, Marie-Charlotte; Schmitter, Petra; Durga, Neha; Kishore, A.; Minh, Thai Thi; Kafle, K.; Stifel, D.; Balasubramanya, S.; Chandra, A.; Hope, L. 2024. Risks from solar-powered groundwater irrigation. Science, 383(6680):256-258. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adi9497]
Groundwater irrigation ; Solar powered irrigation systems ; Pumps ; Emission reduction ; Water use ; Carbon / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052565)
(1.39 MB)
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