Your search found 9 records
1 Kang, S.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, J. 2001. A simulation model of water dynamics in winter wheat field and its application in a semiarid region. Agricultural Water Management, 49(2):115-129.
Simulation models ; Soil water ; Evaporation ; Evapotranspiration ; Measurement ; Lysimetry ; Experiments ; Wheat ; Soil-water-plant relationships / China
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H028454)
2 Zhang, F.; Zhao, Q.; Hanjra, M. A. 2012. Warming effect of desert and its impact on oasis heat resources and agricultural productivity in arid land, China. Science in Cold and Arid Regions, 4(3):229-235. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1226.2012.00229]
Climate change ; Arid climate ; Arid lands ; Agricultural production ; River basins / China / Manas River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045593)
(1.43 MB)
This paper provides a positive view of the desert, in terms of the warming effect of deserts on oases and the impact of heat resources and agricultural production. We use data from experimental sites in the Manas River Basin in China to characterize these relationships. We note that the warming effect of the desert was found to be significant but gradually reduced with increased distance of the oasis from the desert. The range of warming effect is about 100 km, and the improvement in temperature is about 1.8 °C. Due to this warming effect, the desert serves as the second heat source for the oasis, which represents one important aspect of the ecologic value of the desert. Our results also show the warming effect has a strong spatial impact on agricultural productivity. Crop productivity fell by about 49 kg/ha with every 10 km increase in distance away from the desert. Our results imply that crop suitability must correspond to the warming effect of the desert. More efficient use of heat resources can contribute towards achieving potential productivity.
3 Hanjra, M. A.; Blackwell, J.; Carr, G.; Zhang, F.; Jackson, T. M. 2012. Wastewater irrigation and environmental health: implications for water governance and public policy. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 215(3):255-269. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.10.003]
Wastewater irrigation ; Risks ; Environmental health ; Water governance ; Public policy ; Water demand ; Climate change ; Carbon ; Urbanization ; Poverty ; Crop production ; Nutrients ; Public health ; Economic analysis ; Social aspects ; Soil salinity ; Aquaculture
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045598)
(0.24 MB)
Climate change is a large-scale and emerging environmental risk. It challenges environmental health and the sustainability of global development. Wastewater irrigation can make a sterling contribution to reducing water demand, recycling nutrients, improving soil health and cutting the amount of pollutants discharged into the waterways. However, the resource must be carefully managed to protect the environment and public health. Actions promoting wastewater reuse are every where, yet the frameworks for the protection of human health and the environment are lacking in most developing countries. Global change drivers including climate change, population growth, urbanization, income growth, improvements in living standard, industrialization, and energy intensive lifestyle will all heighten water management challenges. Slowing productivity growth, falling investment in irrigation, loss of biodiversity, risks to public health, environmental health issues such as soil salinity, land degradation, land cover change and water quality issues add an additional layer of complexity. Against this backdrop, the potential for wastewater irrigation and its benefits and risks are examined. These include crop productivity, aquaculture, soil health, groundwater quality, environmental health, public health, infrastructure constraints, social concerns and risks, property values, social equity, and poverty reduction. It is argued that, wastewater reuse and nutrient capture can contribute towards climate change adaptation and mitigation. Benefits such as avoided freshwater pumping and energy savings, fertilizer savings, phosphorous capture and prevention of mineral fertilizer extraction from mines can reduce carbon footprint and earn carbon credits. Wastewater reuse in agriculture reduces the water footprint of food production on the environment; it also entails activities such as higher crop yields and changes in cropping patterns, which also reduce carbon footprint. However, there is a need to better integrate water reuse into core water governance frameworks in order to effectively address the challenges and harness the potential of this vital resource for environmental health protection. The paper also presents a blueprint for future water governance and public policies for the protection of environmental health.
4 Zhang, F.; Hanjra, Munir A.; Hua, F.; Shu, Yunqiao; Li, Y. 2014. Analysis of climate variability in the Manas River Valley, North-Western China (1956–2006). Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(7):1091-1107. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-013-9462-2]
Climate change ; Rivers ; Valleys ; Temperature ; Precipitation ; Regression analysis ; Land use ; Land policies ; Farmland ; Crop production ; Water policy ; Irrigation / North-Western China / Manas River Valley
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046022)
(0.41 MB)
This paper examines the short-run climate variability (change in the levels of temperature and precipitation) with a focus on the Manas River Valley, North-Western China, over the past 50 years (1956 to 2006) using data collected from four meteorological stations. The results show that the annual mean temperature had a positive trend, with temperature increasing at 0.4 °C per decade. Application of the Mann-Kendall test revealed that the overall positive trend became statistically significant at the p = 0.95 level only after 1988. The increase in temperature was most marked in winter and spring (0.8 and 0.7 °C per decade, respectively), absent in summer and very small in autumn (0.1 °C per decade). Concerning precipitation, our results indicate a negative but not significant trend for the period between 1956 and 1982, while annual total precipitation tended to increase thereafter and the increase was mainly during the crop growing-season. Concerning variability in temperature and precipitation, the characteristic time scales were identified by application of wavelet analysis. For temperature the quasi-decadal variations were found on time scales between approximately 5 and 15 years, with a peak in wavelet variance on a time scale of 9 years. For precipitation, the most striking features were a precipitation increase (6.7 mm per decade) during the crop growing season. Irregularities and abrupt changes in both temperature and precipitation were more common at scales less than 10 years, indicating the complexity and uncertainty in the short-period climate variability. Possible causes of climate variability in the Manas River Valley may include anthropogenic factors such as intensive human activity and the expansion of both farmland and irrigation. Global climate variability might also have some impacts on the local climate variability; analyses of local and regional climate trends can better inform local adaptation actions for global impacts.
5 Zhang, F.; Hanjra, M. A.; Hui, Y.; Khan, S. 2009. Green strategies for enhancing economic growth and ecological sustainability in Xinjiang Province in China. In Basu, P. K.; Bandara, Y. M. W. Y. WTO [World Trade Organization] accession and socio-economic development in China. Oxford, UK: Chandos Publishing. pp.59-78.
Economic development ; Ecology ; Natural resources ; Water resources ; Population growth ; Land use ; Environmental effects / China / Xinjiang Province
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046096)
(7.26 MB)
6 Scott, C. A.; Zhang, F.; Mukherji, A.; Immerzeel, W.; Mustafa, D.; Bharati, Luna; Zhang, H.; Albrecht, T.; Lutz, A.; Nepal, S.; Siddiqi, A.; Kuemmerle, H.; Qadir, M.; Bhuchar, S.; Prakash, A.; Sinha, R. 2019. Water in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. In Wester, P.; Mishra, A.; Mukherji, A.; Shrestha, A. B. (Eds.). The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment: mountains, climate change, sustainability and people. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp.257-299.
Water availability ; Precipitation ; River basin management ; Flow discharge ; Sedimentation ; Water springs ; Water use ; Water quality ; Water pollution ; Water governance ; Water institutions ; Groundwater management ; Lowland ; Mountains ; Plains ; Drinking water ; Sanitation ; Contaminants ; Urbanization ; Ecosystems ; Environmental flows ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Decision making / Central Asia / South Asia / Hindu Kush / Himalaya
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049103)
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-92288-1.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H049103.pdf
(28.3 MB)
7 Tang, Y.; Zhang, F.; Engel, B. A.; Liu, X.; Yue, Q.; Guo, P. 2020. Grid-scale agricultural land and water management: a remote-sensing-based multiobjective approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 265:121792. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121792]
Farmland ; Water management ; Remote sensing ; Irrigation water ; Sustainable agriculture ; Crop water use ; Water requirements ; Water use efficiency ; Water allocation ; Water productivity ; Water supply ; Virtual water ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Ecosystem services ; Economic aspects / China / Heihe River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049765)
(4.19 MB)
This paper developed a remote-sensing-based multiobjective (RSM) approach to formulate sustainable agricultural land and water resources management strategies at a grid scale. To meet the spatial resolution and accuracy need of agricultural management, downscaled precipitation data sets were obtained with the help of global precipitation measurement (GPM) data and other spatial information. Spatial crop water requirement information were obtained via the combination use of the Penman-Monteith method, remote sensing information (MOD16/PET) and virtual water theory. Through integrating these spatial data and considering the impact of different spatial environments on crop growth, a grid-based integer multiobjective programming (GIMP) model was developed to determine best suitable crop planting types at all grids. GIMP can simultaneously consider several conflicting objectives: crop growth suitability, crop spatial water requirements, and ecosystem service value. Further, GIMP results were inputted into a grid-based nonlinear fractional multiobjective programming (GNFMP) model with three objectives: maximize economic benefits, maximize water productivity, and minimize blue water utilization, to optimize irrigation-water allocation. To verify the validity of the proposed approach, a real-world application in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, northwest China was conducted. Results show that the proposed method can improve the ecosystem service value by 0.36 × 108 CNY, the economic benefit by 21.85%, the irrigation-water productivity by 25.92%, and reduce blue water utilization rate by 24.32% comparing with status quo.
8 Iftekhar, Md. S.; Zhang, F.; Polyakov, M.; Fogarty, J.; Burton, M. 2021. Non-market values of water sensitive urban designs: a case study on rain gardens. Water Resources and Economics, 34:100178. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wre.2021.100178]
Urban environment ; Stormwater management ; Cost benefit analysis ; Willingness to pay ; Infrastructure ; Households ; Case studies ; Models / Australia / Sydney / Melbourne
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050478)
(0.61 MB)
Rain gardens are an established element of water sensitive urban infrastructure. However, information on people's preferences for such systems is lacking. To understand whether people express willingness to pay for such systems and whether estimates are transferable between locations, we conducted choice experiments in Sydney and Melbourne. We found that people are willing to pay for rain gardens. The marginal willingness to pay for different features is similar in both locations, but the transfer of compensating surplus values between locations still generates transfer errors. The implications of transfer errors are investigated using a benefit-cost analysis of a rain garden installation.
9 Wang, L.; Zhang, F.; Nepal, Santosh; Xiang, Y.; Tang, H.; Shi, X.; Zeng, C.; Ahmad, I.; Yu, Z. 2023. Response of runoff processes to temperature rise in basins with different glacier ratios in the monsoon-influenced southern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 45:101299. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101299]
River basins ; Runoff ; Temperature ; Glaciers ; Monsoons ; Forecasting / Asia / Tibetan Plateau / Karuxung River Basin / Dudh Koshi River Basin / Arun River Basin / Gandaki River Basin / Lhasa River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051663)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581822003123/pdfft?md5=aad81fb593686cfca687574039f2915b&pid=1-s2.0-S2214581822003123-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051663.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051663.pdf
(9.56 MB) (9.56 MB)
Study region: River basins with glacier ratios ranging from 1.8% to 20.7% in the monsoon-influenced southern Tibetan Plateau.
Study focus: The response of runoff processes in basins with different glacier ratios under global warming of 1.5 C and 2 C was explored based on SPHY (Spatial Processes in Hydrology) model and GCMs (General Circulation Models).
New hydrological insights for the region: More prominent temperature and precipitation changes were observed in the monsoon-influenced southern Tibetan Plateau compared with the global averages. With increasing temperature and precipitation, the total runoff and glacier runoff of these basins showed increasing trends under global warming of 1.5 C and 2 C. Compared with the baseline period (1985–2014), increases were observed in the total runoff (1.7–20.6%), base flow (2.8–8.3%), glacier runoff (8.1–35.9%), and rainfall runoff (6.0–36.0%) of these basins. In contrast, snowmelt runoff decreased (- 28.3% - - 4.3%). Therefore, relevant management and allocation of water resources may be required. The hydrological regulation function of glaciers was found to be strongly correlated with glacier ratio. In general, the hydrological regulation function of glaciers would decrease in the future along with warming induced glacier retreat. These findings would help deepen the understanding of runoff processes on the Tibetan Plateau and other alpine regions, thus providing a scientific basis for water resources management under climate change.
Study focus: The response of runoff processes in basins with different glacier ratios under global warming of 1.5 C and 2 C was explored based on SPHY (Spatial Processes in Hydrology) model and GCMs (General Circulation Models).
New hydrological insights for the region: More prominent temperature and precipitation changes were observed in the monsoon-influenced southern Tibetan Plateau compared with the global averages. With increasing temperature and precipitation, the total runoff and glacier runoff of these basins showed increasing trends under global warming of 1.5 C and 2 C. Compared with the baseline period (1985–2014), increases were observed in the total runoff (1.7–20.6%), base flow (2.8–8.3%), glacier runoff (8.1–35.9%), and rainfall runoff (6.0–36.0%) of these basins. In contrast, snowmelt runoff decreased (- 28.3% - - 4.3%). Therefore, relevant management and allocation of water resources may be required. The hydrological regulation function of glaciers was found to be strongly correlated with glacier ratio. In general, the hydrological regulation function of glaciers would decrease in the future along with warming induced glacier retreat. These findings would help deepen the understanding of runoff processes on the Tibetan Plateau and other alpine regions, thus providing a scientific basis for water resources management under climate change.
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