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1 AdeOluwa, O. O.; Cofie, Olufunke. 2012. Urine as an alternative fertilizer in agriculture: effects in amaranths (Amaranthus caudatus) production. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 27(4):287-294. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170511000512]
Urine ; Fertilizers ; Composts ; Amaranthus ; Crop production ; Farmers ; Senses ; Income ; Satellite imagery ; Vegetable growing ; Soil properties ; Coliform bacteria / Nigeria
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045507)
(0.70 MB)
Crop production in most developing countries is faced with a dearth of resources for optimum production of which fertilizer is one. The use of human urine as well as its mixture with compost are potential solutions to this problem. Thus, this report investigated the influence of human urine and its combination with compost on yield and soil quality of land under green amaranths (Amaranthus caudatus). This study involved a field experiment to determine the response of green amaranths to the application of 100% urine, 2/3 urineN+1/3 compost N, 100% compost N,NPK (15:15:15) at the rate of 100kgNha-1 and control with no fertilizer treatment using farmers’ participatory approach. The vegetables produced from the experimental treatments were analyzed in the laboratory for pathogenic microbial risk as well as effects of the fertilizer on nutrient status of the experimental soils (before and after planting). Perception of farmers and consumers in the study area regarding use of urine as fertilizer for vegetable production was investigated with the aid of a structured questionnaire. The result of this investigation revealed that 100% urine resulted in 58.17 tha-1 total plant yield, while NPK 15:15:15 gave 34.34 tha-1 total plant yield in the two plantings. Microbial analysis of edible portion of vegetable from plot fertilized with urine did not reveal any significantly different pathological contamination compared to other fertilizer treatments used in this investigation. Urine treatment improved soil nutrient exchangeable cations and acidity. The perception study revealed that respondents perceived urine to be a good agricultural input that could be used as a fertilizer in vegetable crop production and there was no strong cultural norm that would prevent them using it for crop production. Vegetable consumers would also buy vegetable crops grown with urine if they are well informed about its safety for crop production. Since the use of urine as fertilizer for crop production improved amaranth’s yield and did not show any negative implication on soil environment, human urine seems to have good potential both in crop yield and acceptability by farmers and consumers.
2 Mugiyo, H.; Chimonyo, V. G. P.; Kunz, R.; Sibanda, M.; Nhamo, L.; Masemola, C. R.; Modi, A. T.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe. 2022. Mapping the spatial distribution of underutilised crop species under climate change using the MaxEnt model: a case of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Climate Services, 28:100330. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2022.100330]
Crop production ; Underutilized species ; Spatial distribution ; Climate change adaptation ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Sorghum ; Cowpeas ; Amaranthus ; Taro ; Machine learning ; Models ; Forecasting / South Africa / KwaZulu-Natal
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051487)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405880722000486/pdfft?md5=6c4991c59d70a740431da7b2b337a330&pid=1-s2.0-S2405880722000486-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051487.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051487.pdf
(9.38 MB) (9.38 MB)
Knowing the spatial and temporal suitability of neglected and underutilised crop species (NUS) is important for fitting them into marginal production areas and cropping systems under climate change. The current study used climate change scenarios to map the future distribution of selected NUS, namely, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), amaranth (Amaranthus) and taro (Colocasia esculenta) in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa. The future distribution of NUS was simulated using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model using regional circulation models (RCMs) from the CORDEX archive, each driven by a different global circulation model (GCM), for the years 2030 to 2070. The study showed an increase of 0.1–11.8% under highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), and marginally suitable (S3) for sorghum, cowpea, and amaranth growing areas from 2030 to 2070 across all RCPs. In contrast, the total highly suitable area for taro production is projected to decrease by 0.3–9.78% across all RCPs. The jack-knife tests of the MaxEnt model performed efficiently, with areas under the curve being more significant than 0.8. The study identified annual precipitation, length of the growing period, and minimum and maximum temperature as variables contributing significantly to model predictions. The developed maps indicate possible changes in the future suitability of NUS within the KZN province. Understanding the future distribution of NUS is useful for developing transformative climate change adaptation strategies that consider future crop distribution. It is recommended to develop regionally differentiated climate-smart agriculture production guidelines matched to spatial and temporal variability in crop suitability.
3 Mndzebele, B.; Ncube, B.; Fessehazion, M.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe; Modi, A. T. 2023. Assessment of the effects of NPK fertilizer on edible yield and agro-biological parameters in a cowpea–amaranth intercrop. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7:1210984. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1210984]
NPK fertilizers ; Cowpeas ; Amaranthus ; Intercropping ; Crop yield ; Cropping systems ; Yield losses ; Parameters ; Food security ; Nutrition security ; Biomass ; Nitrogen fertilizers ; Phosphate fertilizers ; Potassium ; Land use / South Africa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052404)
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1210984/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052404.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052404.pdf
(0.49 MB) (497 KB)
Introduction: Estimates indicate that food and nutritional demand in sub-Saharan African nutrient-poor soils will exceed the high population demand. Vegetables such as amaranth and cowpea are key in contributing to food and nutritional security. Fertilizers are used to mitigate low nutrient levels in soils. This study aimed to investigate the yield parameters of cowpea and amaranth vegetables.
Methods: The experiment was designed with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure in a completely randomized design, with intercropping and fertilizer level as treatment factors and with four replications.
Results and discussion: The biomass of amaranth and cowpea increased with increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer. A measure of land utilization showed values greater than one. Crop comparison showed that cowpea was more aggressive, had higher actual yield loss, and was highly competitive compared to amaranth. More income could be obtained from intercropping. The research shows the benefits of fertilizer application in improving the biomass of amaranth and cowpea. Overall, the application of NPK fertilizer at levels up to 100%, based on the results of this study, resulted in higher biomass accumulation and improved intercropping indices.
Methods: The experiment was designed with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure in a completely randomized design, with intercropping and fertilizer level as treatment factors and with four replications.
Results and discussion: The biomass of amaranth and cowpea increased with increased fertilizer application up to the level of 100% nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer. A measure of land utilization showed values greater than one. Crop comparison showed that cowpea was more aggressive, had higher actual yield loss, and was highly competitive compared to amaranth. More income could be obtained from intercropping. The research shows the benefits of fertilizer application in improving the biomass of amaranth and cowpea. Overall, the application of NPK fertilizer at levels up to 100%, based on the results of this study, resulted in higher biomass accumulation and improved intercropping indices.
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