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1 Brook, R. M.; Davila, J. (Eds.) 2000. The peri-urban interface: a tale of two cities. Bangor, Wales, UK: University of Wales. School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences; London, UK: University College London. Development Planning Unit. vii, 251p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 338.1 G200 BRO Record No: H029213)
(1.80 MB) (1.80MB)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6302 Record No: H031710)
3 Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Bradford, A. M.; Endamana, D. 2004. Productive use of wastewater by poor urban and peri-urban farmers: Asian and African case studies in the context of the Hyderabad declaration on wastewater use. In Moriarty, P.; Butterworth, J.; van Koppen, B. (Eds.), Beyond domestic: Case studies on poverty and productive uses of water a t the household level. Delft, Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre; IWMI. pp.95-116.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 339.46 G000 MOR Record No: H035334)
(2.68 MB) (2.67 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H041225)
A variety of water reforms are being undertaken in different parts of the country. This paper discusses a project in the twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad in north Karnataka, a pilot for 24/7 functioning as well as for the institutional and other changes required for private sector participation in urban areas. Three specific aspects of the project are discussed – the need and feasibility of the concept of 24/7, institutional relations and equity. The experience to date indicates that critical concerns along all three fronts remain, and need to be engaged with more carefully before institutionalising processes that would be difficult to reverse in the future.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.5 G635 NAR Record No: H044743)
(0.32 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047621)
(0.54 MB)
Poor cost recovery, owing to inherent problems associated with intermittent water service, is common in the majority of towns and cities in India. The water supply in twin cities of Hubli–Dharwad, located in North Karnataka, India, was characterized by several issues such as water losses, poor service delivery, low cost recovery and low investments. Provision of water service to the twin cities was the responsibility of the Hubli–Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) until 2003. The municipal revenues were affected by the large gap between revenue and expenditure on account of poor performance of the water division of the corporation, which further impeded the efforts to improve water service. In 2003, due to deteriorating performance with regard to water supply, the Government of Karnataka transferred the responsibility for maintenance of the water service to the Karnataka Urban Water Supply & Drainage Board (KUWS&DB). The KUWS&DB along with the HDMC adopted a multi-pronged strategy to improve cost recovery. The sustained efforts for over a decade (2003–2013) led to a gradual increase in full cost recovery from about 12% in 2003 to 47% in 2013. This study examines the impact of the multi-pronged approach adopted for improving cost recovery in water supply in the twin cities.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048047)
(1.35 MB)
Measurements of household water consumption are extremely difficult in intermittent water supply (IWS) regimes in low- and middle-income countries, where water is delivered for short durations, taps are shared, metering is limited, and household storage infrastructure varies widely. Nonetheless, consumption estimates are necessary for utilities to improve water delivery. We estimated household water use in Hubli-Dharwad, India, with a mixed-methods approach combining (limited) metered data, storage container inventories, and structured observations. We developed a typology of household water access according to infrastructure conditions based on the presence of an overhead storage tank and a shared tap. For households with overhead tanks, container measurements and metered data produced statistically similar consumption volumes; for households without overhead tanks, stored volumes underestimated consumption because of significant water use directly from the tap during delivery periods. Households that shared taps consumed much less water than those that did not. We used our water use calculations to estimate waste at the household level and in the distribution system. Very few households used 135 L/person/d, the Government of India design standard for urban systems. Most wasted little water even when unmetered, however, unaccounted-for water in the neighborhood distribution systems was around 50%. Thus, conservation efforts should target loss reduction in the network rather than at households.
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