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1 Monastra, F.; Colorio, G.; Chiariotti, A. 1994. Comparison between different irrigation systems of kiwi fruit trained as horizontal trellis. In International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM) (Comp.), International Conference on Land and Water Resources Management in the Mediterranean Region, Instituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Valenzano, Bari, Italy, 4-8 September 1994: Volume 1 - Water resources management. pp.235-244.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 GG20 INT Record No: H020917)
2 Teclaff, L. A. 1972. Abstraction and use of water: A comparison of legal regimes. New York, NY, USA: UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. iv, 254p. (UN document no.ST/ECA/154)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 4538 Record No: H021268)
3 Francaviglia, R.; Capri, E. 2000. Lysimeter experiments with metolachlor in Tor Mancina (Italy) Agricultural Water Management, 44(1-3):63-74.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H025967)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H025972)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H026275)
6 van Koppen, Barbara. 2007. Dispossession at the interface of community-based water law and permit systems. In van Koppen, Barbara; Giordano, Mark; Butterworth, J. (Eds.). Community-based water law and water resource management reform in developing countries. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.46-64. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Series 5)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 346.04691 G000 VAN Record No: H040687)
7 Waylen, K.; Aaltonen, J.; Bonaiuto, M.; Booth, P.; Bradford, R.; Carrus, G.; Cuthbert, A.; Langan, S.; O’Sullivan, J.; Rotko, P.; Twigger-Ross, C.; Watson, D. 2011. Coordination of the Research Financed in the European Union on Flood Management (CRUE) final report for URFlood - understanding uncertainty and risk in communicating about floods [Report of the European Flood Risk Management Research]. Rome, Italy: CRUE Funding Initiative on Flood Resilience. 90p. + appendixes.
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H044700)
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(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049817)
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Several studies have demonstrated the advantages of environmental surveillance through the monitoring of sewage for the assessment of viruses circulating in a given community (wastewater-based epidemiology, WBE). During the COVID-19 public health emergency, many reports have described the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stools from COVID-19 patients, and a few studies reported the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters worldwide. Italy is among the world's worst-affected countries in the COVID-19 pandemic, but so far there are no studies assessing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in Italian wastewaters. To this aim, twelve influent sewage samples, collected between February and April 2020 from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Milan and Rome, were tested adapting, for concentration, the standard WHO procedure for Poliovirus surveillance. Molecular analysis was undertaken with three nested protocols, including a newly designed SARS-CoV-2 specific primer set. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection was accomplished in volumes of 250 ml of wastewaters collected in areas of high (Milan) and low (Rome) epidemic circulation, according to clinical data. Overall, 6 out of 12 samples were positive. One of the positive results was obtained in a Milan wastewater sample collected a few days after the first notified Italian case of autochthonous SARS-CoV-2.
The study confirms that WBE has the potential to be applied to SARS-CoV-2 as a sensitive tool to study spatial and temporal trends of virus circulation in the population.
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