Your search found 7 records
1 Nkala, P.; Mango, N.; Zikhali, Precious. 2011. Conservation agriculture and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Central Mozambique. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 35(7):757-779. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10440046.2011.606492]
Agricultural production ; Crop production ; Conservation ; Technology ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Yields ; Food security ; Socioeconomic environment / Mozambique
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044429)
(0.26 MB)
This article demonstrates how conservation agriculture impacts smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in Mozambique through increased crop productivity and yields, using primary data on smallholder farmers practicing conservation agriculture and others not using this technology from Nhanguo, Pumbuto, and Ruaca in Manica and Sofala provinces. Data analysis employs semiparametric propensity score matching methods. Direct correlations between conservation agriculture, higher productivity and yields; and indirect correlations with changes in household incomes and food security are suggested. Conclusively, systematic targeting of conservation agriculture to different farmer categories, can improve livelihoods, household incomes and food security. We recommend integration of conservation agriculture into the rural development policy framework in Mozambique.
2 Bangwayo-Skeete, P. F.; Zikhali, Precious. 2011. Social exclusion and labour market outcomes: evidence from eastern Europe and central Asia. International Journal of Development Issues, 10(3):233-250. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951111165368]
Labour market ; Employment ; Risks ; Social security ; Social problems ; Surveys ; Statistics ; Models ; Market economies ; Policy / Eastern Europe / Central Asia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044432)
(0.13 MB)
Purpose – The paper seeks to examine the impact of social exclusion on individuals’ propensity to be employed and how, if employed, social exclusion affects individuals’ perceived job insecurity and the likelihood of being covered by social insurance in their jobs.Design/methodology/approach – Using the United Nations Development Program/United Nations Children Fund 2009 survey data from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the paper employs comprehensive econometric methods that overcome challenges posed by endogeneity of social exclusion in labour market outcomes, self-selection into employment, and the interdependency between perceptions of job security and social insurance coverage.Findings – Results suggest that socially excluded individuals face hurdles in securing jobs and exhibit higher risk of job loss. Further, results suggest that a holistic educational policy could help promote social inclusion.Practical implications – Formulation of policies aimed at promoting social inclusion and improved labour market outcomes should not be done in isolation; rather they should be based on a holistic understanding of the multi-faceted nature of social exclusion.Originality/value – The originality of the analysis is that it takes into account the multi-dimensional nature of social exclusion by treating social exclusion as an outcome of a diverse set of an individual’s socio-economic characteristics that ultimately shape the way they feel about their exclusion or inclusion in their societies. This gives an indication of the types of people that are socially excluded and form the group for which a further investigation of labour market outcomes is conducted.
3 Bangwayo-Skeete, P. F.; Zikhali, Precious. 2011. Social tolerance for human diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Social Economics, 38(6):516-536. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291111131382]
Social problems ; Tolerance ; Economic growth ; Statistics ; Public health ; AIDS ; Policy ; Multivariate analysis / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044434)
(0.14 MB)
Purpose – This paper seeks to investigate the individual-level determinants of self-declared social tolerance towards six groups/practices in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): tolerance to linguistic differences, racial distinction, religious dissimilarity, homosexuality, acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) victims and immigrants.Design/methodology/approach – Using individual-level data from the 2005 World Values Survey, the paper simultaneously estimates multivariate probit models for all six dimensions of social tolerance.Findings – Apart from the strong interdependency among all social tolerance indicators, the analysis reveals that individual attributes affect tolerance towards the six groups differently. For instance, education enhances social tolerance for all groups except homosexuals while access to media increase tolerance for people living with AIDS.Research/limitations/implications – Effective social tolerance policies can be enhanced through joint targeting of the indicators considered. Moreover, tolerance-enhancing policies generally benefit from improved access to education while improved access to media could increase tolerance for AIDS victims.Originality/value – The originality of the analysis lies in the joint analysis or determination of a wider spectrum of social tolerance indicators. This paper can help to inform policies that are aimed at reducing SSA’s recurrent inter- and intra-group conflicts attributed primarily to the region’s high levels of ethnic and cultural fragmentation.
4 Matshe, I.; Zikhali, Precious; Chilonda, Pius. 2010. Education and agricultural inputs use by female farmers in Zimbabwe. Agenda, 86:96-110.
Farm inputs ; Gender ; Female labor ; Farmers ; Agricultural education ; Fertilizers ; Models ; Rural areas ; Statistical methods ; Households ; Econometrics ; Policy / Africa South of Sahara / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044567)
(0.12 MB)
There is ample empirical evidence that suggests the existence of gender discrimination when it comes to access to and subsequent use of productivity-enhancing farm inputs, specially those provided via market institutions, such as chemical fertilisers and hired labour. This discrimination is often found to be in favour of male farmers or male-headed households. Against this background, this focus contributes to building an understanding of the role of female education as a possible intervention that could mitigate such gendered agricultural input use disparities. A bivariate probit model on chemical fertiliser and hired labour use by households is estimated, using data collected in 2007 in rural Zimbabwe. This estimation strategy allows for interdependency between the input use decisions. Our results suggest that education significantly raises the probability of female farmers’ use of both chemical fertilisers and hired labour. Interestingly, this impact is found to be higher for femaleheaded households in communal areas as opposed to female-headed households in resettlement areas where eneficiaries of Zimbabwe’s Fast-track Land Reform Programme reside. This finding confirms the need to promote the education of women, particularly rural women, as part of interventions aimed at empowering female farmers, in the process countering and ending gender-based discrimination in accessing farm inputs.
5 Liu, B.; Keyzer, M.; Van Den Boom, B.; Zikhali, Precious. 2012. How connected are Chinese farmers to retail markets?: new evidence of price transmission. China Economic Review, 23(1):34-46. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2011.07.010]
Farmers ; Retail marketing ; Marketing margins ; Risks ; Econometrics ; Agricultural products / China
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044699)
(0.94 MB)
This paper examines the extent to which Chinese farmers are connected to regional agricultural markets by looking at the intensity of price transmission from retail markets to the farmgate. This intensity is indicative of the extent to which farmers might benefit from improved marketing opportunities and be exposed to price risks. We estimate the elasticity of farmgate prices to retail prices using price data for 170 markets, in 29 out of 33 provinces of China, at the detail of 12 main products and for the five-year period 1996 to 2000. In each province we find strong linkages between retail and farmgate prices with elasticities ranging between 0.6 and 1 and intensifying over time. This suggests that Chinese farmers are generally well connected to retail markets and that this connectivity has strengthened in the period considered, creating not only new opportunities but also new risks. It is also found that linkages are relatively weak in inland provinces, which is a point of concern in view of Chinese policies to create equal opportunities and equitable growth.
6 Chilonda, Pius; Xavier, V.; Luciano, L.; Gemo, H.; Chamusso, A.; Zikhali, Precious; Faria, A.; Govereh, J.; Musaba, E.; Manussa, S.; Acubar, B.; Osvaldo, L.; Alage, N.; Macome, E.; Manganhela, A. 2011. Monitoring and evaluating agricultural growth, trade, and poverty in Mozambique. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 83p. (MozSAKSS Annual Trends Report 2010)
Agricultural development ; Poverty ; Monitoring ; Financing ; Budgets ; Crop production ; Livestock ; Forestry ; Fisheries ; Macroeconomic analysis ; Agricultural policy ; Marketing ; Indicators / Mozambique
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 631.7.3 G172 CHI Record No: H045036)
ftp://ftp.cgiar.org/ifpri/Ella/MozSAKSS_project-completion-report_attachments/Project%20outputs/Moz_2010-agric-sector-prfrmnc-trends-rpt.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045036.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H045036.pdf
(2.05 MB) (2MB)
7 Chamusso, A.; Zikhali, Precious; Musaba, Emmanuel; Gemo, H.; Osvaldo, L. 2013. Trends in public agricultural spending in Mozambique. Pretoria, South Africa: Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System for Southern Africa (ReSAKSS-SA) 8p. (ReSAKSS-SA Issue Note 22)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046295)
http://www.resakss.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/ReSAKSS_IN21.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046295.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046295.pdf
(0.44 MB) (448.05 KB)
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