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1 Jimenez Cisneros, B. E.. 2011. Natural and human environments in areas undergoing wastewater irrigation. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 6(015):1-28. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20116015]
Natural environment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Sanitation ; Diseases ; Food security ; Diarrhoea ; Groundwater ; Water quality ; Infiltration ; Helminthoses ; Soil ; Fertilizers ; Nutrients ; Reclamation ; Metals ; Salinity ; Yields ; Economic aspects
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044254)
(0.23 MB)
This paper is a review of the international literature concerning both the positive and negative effects on the environment and public health of the use of treated or non-treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. It includes not only physical but also social and economic aspects. The extent of the use of treated and non-treated wastewater for agriculture is discussed along with its drivers. The data clearly show that non-treated wastewater is used more commonly than treated wastewater. This occurs mainly in around urban and peri-urban areas where municipal wastewater is produced that is better suited to this practice. The impacts observed on agricultural production, human health, the quality of the irrigation water, groundwater and surface water sources, food security, animal health, the local economy, reduction of poverty and food exports are presented, considering especially developing countries. These factors are further discussed to gain an understanding of how the practice, if well managed, contributes to sustainable development. Barriers to increasing the reuse of wastewater to irrigate are explained, considering the social perception in both developed and developing countries. The importance of reusing wastewater to reclaim water and nutrients are summarized. The positive and negative impacts resulting from the expected increase in the practice are discussed, together with control measures to obtain maximum benefits.
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