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(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 616.9362 G730 HER Record No: H034768)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 730 ENS Record No: H038183)
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The risk of Giardia duodenalis (Giardia) infection in farmers using untreated wastewater in agriculture was investigated in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan, through a cross-sectional study. The study found a significantly increased risk of (asymptomatic) Giardia infection in wastewater farming households when compared with farming households using regular (non-wastewater) irrigation water (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.5-4.4). Textile labourers who were employed in the city of Faisalabad but who lived in the same village as the wastewater farmers showed a risk of Giardia infection in between that of wastewater and non-wastewater farming households (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.1). This study suggests that exposure to wastewater with high Giardia concentrations carries an increased risk for (asymptomatic) Giardia infection.
3 Clemett, Alexandra; Ensink, Jeroen. 2006. Farmer driven wastewater treatment: a case study from Faisalabad, Pakistan. In Julie, F. (Ed.). Sustainable development of water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation: 32nd WEDC International Conference, Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 13-17 November 2006. Leicestershire, UK: Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC). pp.99-104. (WEDC Conference No. 32)
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G730 CLE, 333.91 G000 WAT Record No: H039793)
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4 Scott, Christopher; Faruqui , N.; Carr, R.; Blumenthal, U.; Amerasinghe, Felix; Redwood, M.; Ramachandran, G.; Al-Beiruti, S. N.; Prain, G.; Gopal, M. G.; Raschid, Liqa; Huibers, F.; Agodzo, S.; Mukherjee, M.; Madsen, T.; Cornish, G.; Silva, P.; Minhas, P. S.; Niang, S.; Al Khatib, N.; Ghougassian, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Shetty, S.; Blummel, M.; Sengupta, A. K.; Matsuno, Y.; van Veenhuizen, R.; Hall, A.; Keraita, Bernard; Simmons, Rob; Shalabi, M.; Murray-Rust, Hammond; Hainsworth, S.; Rajan, V.; Buechler, Stephanie; Reddy, U. M.; McCornick, Peter; Devi, Gayathri; Kielen, N.; Ensink, Jeroen; Devi, Rama; van der Hoek, Wim; Kundu, N.; Haan, Max; Abayawardana, Sarath; Narayana, P.; Bouma, Jetske. 2005. The Hyderabad Declaration on Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 14 November 2002, Hyderabad, India. [A public statement]. 3p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043804)
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