Your search found 25 records
1 Sood, Aditya; Mathukumalli, B. K. P. 2011. Managing international river basins: reviewing India–Bangladesh transboundary water issues. International Journal of River Basin Management, 9(1):43-52. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2011.553832]
River basin management ; Watershed management ; International waters ; Freshwater ; Water scarcity ; Water quality ; Flooding / India / Bangladesh / Ganges River / Farakka Barrage
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043670)
(0.38 MB)
As the demand for fresh water has increased over the years, the conflicts between water-sharing countries have also been on the rise. Many countries, such as Bangladesh in Asia, depend upon water originating from outside their national borders and hence do not have any control in the headwaters and large part of the watershed management of their rivers. Being militarily and economically weaker than its neighbours, it cannot influence their watershed management policies. Consequently, it suffers from both floods and water scarcity. This paper looks at the long-standing conflict between Bangladesh and India with regard to the sharing of water of the River Ganges. It discusses the water quantity and quality problems faced by Bangladesh and its inability to negotiate an equitable deal with India. In order to reduce the water-sharing conflict between Bangladesh and India, a multi-national watershed management approach is required.
2 Dutta, S. K.; Singh, D.; Sood, Aditya. 2011. Effect of soil chemical and physical properties on sorption and desorption behavior of lead in different soils of India. Soil and Sediment Contamination, 20(3):249-260. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2011.560979]
Soil chemicophysical properties ; Sorption ; Desorption ; Lead ; Statistical methods ; Analytical methods ; Multiple regression analysis ; Models ; Soil sampling ; Chemical composition / India
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043832)
(0.25 MB)
Lead (Pb) is a non-biodegradable contaminant, present in the environment, especially near lead-based industrial sites, agricultural lands, and roadside soils. Bioavailability of Pb in the soil is controlled by the sorption and desorption behavior of Pb, which are further controlled by the soil chemical and physical properties. In this study, sorption and desorption amounts of Pb in soil were compared with soil physical (sand, silt, clay content) and chemical (pH; electrical conductivity, EC; percent organic carbon, (%OC);cation exchange capacity, CEC) properties. Twenty-six surface soils (0–5cm), expected to vary in physical and chemical properties, were collected from different parts of India and were treated with known concentration of Pb solution (40 µg/L). The amount of Pb sorbed and desorbed were measured and correlated with soil properties using simple linear regressions. Sorption was significantly (p = 0.05) and positively correlated with pH, and %OC; desorption was significantly (p = 0.05) negatively correlated with the same two factors. Stepwise multiple regressions were performed for better correlations. Predicted sorption and desorption amounts, based on multiple regression equations, showed reasonably good fit (R2 = 0.79 and 0.83, respectively) with observed values. This regression model can be used for estimation of sorption and desorption amounts at contaminated sites.
3 Sood, Aditya; Ritter, W. F. 2011. Developing a framework to measure watershed sustainability by using hydrological / water quality model. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 11(3):788-804. [doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2011.311089]
Watershed management ; Indicators ; Assessment ; Water quality ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Biodiversity ; Models ; GIS ; Social aspects ; Environmental effects ; Case studies ; Sustainable development ; Land use ; Riparian zones
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044558)
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=8679&returnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.scirp.org%2fjournal%2fPaperInformation.aspx%3fpaperID%3d8679
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044558.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044558.pdf
(4.04 MB) (4.04MB)
A framework is built, wherein hydrological/water quality model is used to measure watershed sustainability. For this framework, watershed sustainability has been defined and quantified by defining social, environmental and biodiversity indicators. By providing weightage to these indicators, a “River Basin Sustainability Index” is built. The watershed sustainability is then calculated based on the concepts of reliability, resilience and vulnerability. The framework is then applied to a case study, where, based on watershed management principles, four land use scenarios are created in GIS. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used as a hydrology/water quality model. Based on the results the land uses are ranked for sustainability and policy implications have been discussed. This results show that landuse (both type and location) impact watershed sustainability. The existing land use is weak in environmental sustainability. Also, riparian zones play a critical role in watershed sustainability, although beyond certain width their contribution is not significant.
4 McCartney, Matthew; Forkuor, Gerald; Sood, Aditya; Amisigo, B.; Hattermann, F.; Muthuwatta, Lal. 2012. The water resource implications of changing climate in the Volta River Basin [Africa]. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 33p. (IWMI Research Report 146) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2012.219]
River basins ; Climate change ; Water resources development ; Reservoirs ; Water demand ; Temperature ; Rain ; Evapotranspiration ; Hydrology ; Flow discharge ; Groundwater recharge ; Surface water ; Water storage ; Simulation models ; Water power ; Irrigation schemes ; Irrigation water ; Water demand ; Livestock / Africa. / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H045520)
(1.99MB)
The Volta River is one of the major rivers in Africa. In this study, a dynamic regional climate model (CCLM), a hydrological model (SWAT) and a water resource model (WEAP) were used to provide an assessment of one downscaled ‘middle impact’ climate change scenario on the performance of existing and planned irrigation and hydropower schemes. The results indicate that, by the middle of the twenty-first century, altered climate is likely to undermine the technical performance of existing and planned reservoirs, which will, in turn, affect development outcomes. Future water resources development in the basin requires interventions that bolster resilience and water security. Much more systematic planning of water storage, greater cooperation between the riparian states and consideration of innovative approaches to water storage are needed.
5 Sood, Aditya; Muthuwatta, Lal; McCartney, Matthew. 2013. A SWAT evaluation of the effect of climate change on the hydrology of the Volta River Basin. Water International, 38(3):297-311. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.792404]
Climate change ; Rain ; Temperature ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Flow discharge ; Water yield ; Groundwater recharge ; Water storage ; Weather data ; Reservoirs ; Calibration ; Models ; Statistical methods / West Africa / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045833)
(3.29 MB)
The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to evaluate the impacts of a climate scenario based on IPCC A1B emissions on flows in the Volta River basin in West Africa for 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, using 1983–2012 as the reference period. Overall, the simulation indicates increased variability and a decrease of up to 40% in river flow as a consequence of decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature. In particular, the analysis shows smaller absolute but greater relative changes in the hydrology of the northern (upper) part of the basin, particularly at the end of the century.
6 Chartres, Colin; Sood, Aditya. 2013. The water for food paradox. [Selected from the World Water Week, Stockholm, Sweden, 26-31 August 2012]. Aquatic Procedia, 1:3-19. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2013.07.002]
Water resources ; Water security ; Water demand ; Water scarcity ; Water productivity ; Climate change ; Food security ; Population growth ; Wastes ; Recycling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046069)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214241X13000035
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046069.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046069.pdf
(2.36 MB) (2.36MB)
This paper considers whether there will be sufficient water available to grow enough food for a predicted global population of 9 billion in 2050, based on three population and GDP growth modelling scenarios. Under the a low population growth with high GDP growth scenario, global consumptive water demand is forecast to increase significantly to over 6,000 km3, which is approximately 3,000 km3 greater that consumptive use in the year 2000. Also of concern is that rising global temperatures are going to increase potential evaporation, and t us irrigation water demand, by up to 17%. Sustainable intensification of agriculture can provide solutions to this predicament. However, productivity growth i not fast enough and we face considerable risks in the next 20 to 30 years. Concerted action to combat food insecurity and water scarcity is required based on agricultural research and development, policy reform and greater water productivity, if the world is to feed its growing population.
7 She, D-X.; Xia, J.; Zhang, D.; Ye, A-Z.; Sood, Aditya. 2014. Regional extreme-dry-spell frequency analysis using the L-moments method in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, China. Hydrological Processes, 28(17):4694-4707. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9930]
River basins ; Frequency ; Analysis ; Analytical methods ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Drought ; Flooding ; Frequency / China / Yellow River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046187)
(8.70 MB)
In this research, the regional extreme-dry-spell frequency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is studied by the L-moments method. The research area has been divided into three subregions (regions 1, 2 and 3), which have been identified as homogenous regions. The results of a goodness-of-fit test indicate that a generalized normal distribution is the optimal regional model for regions 1 and 2 whereas a generalized Pareto distribution is the optimal regional model for region 3. The return period analysis figures out that the maximum length-of-dry-spell (MxDS) values increase from south to north in the southern part and increase from northeast to southwest in the northern part of the middle reaches of the YRB under different return periods. The increments of quantiles of dry spell under different return levels indicate that drought risk in region 1 is higher than that in regions 2 and 3. The analysis of the occurrence day of MxDS shows that MxDS mostly occurred during winter of 1998 and spring of 1999 in most stations during the considered period. By comparing summer MxDS events, it can be found that mean MxDS values have slightly increased in regions 1 and 2 during the last five decades. The maximum mean MxDS values appeared in the 2000s for regions 1 and 2 and in the 1990s for region 3. The atmospheric circulation shows that the positive anomaly centre in the west of North China, negative anomaly centre in the east of North China and the strong western Pacific subtropical high led to the decrease of precipitation in North China during the summer of 1997.
8 Kam, S. P.; Cai, Xueliang; Sood, Aditya; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Yen, B. T.; Nagoli, J.; Chijere, A. 2013. Decision support for water management for integrating aquaculture in small-scale irrigation systems: a case for the Chingale catchment in southern region of Malawi. [Project report of the Enhancing Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Impacts Through Well-managed Water Use for Aquaculture Integrated with Small-scale Irrigation in the Chinyanja Triangle in Africa] Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish Center. 12p. (WorldFish Project Brief: 2013-40)
Water management ; Water availability ; Water balance ; Water transfer ; Aquaculture ; Small scale systems ; Irrigation system ; Catchment areas ; Decision support systems ; Farmers ; Case studies / Malawi / Chingale catchment
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046356)
http://www.worldfishcenter.org/resource_centre/WF-2013-40.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046356.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046356.pdf
(1.96 MB) (1.96 MB)
9 Prasad, M. B. K.; Maddox, M. C.; Sood, Aditya; Kaushal, S. 2014. Nutrients, chlorophyll and biotic metrics in the Rappahannock River-Estuary: implications of urbanization in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, USA. Marine and Freshwater Research, 65:475-485. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1071/MF12351]
Watersheds ; Rivers ; Water quality ; Ecosystems ; Nutrients ; Chlorophylls ; Urbanization ; Land use / USA / Rappahannock River-Estuary / Chesapeake Bay Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046377)
(0.83 MB)
In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, various endeavors such as the inter-state agreements and Chesapeake 2000 agreement have been implemented to improve water quality and ecological conditions which have produced mixed results at best in various tributaries. In order to evaluate the management efforts on ecological conditions in the Rappahannock River watershed, we analyzed the long-term variability in land-use, nutrient content, and ecological biotic metrics. It appears that the interannual variability in nutrient loadings and concentrations are largely influenced by changes in urbanization and climate. Significant increases in urban development (35%) and population growth have exacerbated both point and non-point nutrient pollution in the Rappahannock River. Comparatively low N:P ratio in the tidal zone than the non-tidal zone may be due to salinity induced phosphorus leaching from sediments regulating the water quality along the river-estuary continuum. In addition, interannual variability in ecological biotic metrics demonstrates degrading ecological conditions in the Rappahannock River watershed, which are primarily due to increasing watershed urbanization driving high nutrient loadings and altered nutrient stoichiometry.
10 Sood, Aditya; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2014. Can desalination and clean energy combined help to alleviate global water scarcity? Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 50(5):1111-1123. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12174]
Desalination ; Sea water ; Water scarcity ; Water demand ; Domestic water ; Energy ; Investment ; Costs ; Case studies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046440)
(1.34 MB)
The major present hindrance in using desalination to help alleviate global water scarcity is the cost of this technology, which, in turn is due to energy cost involved. This study examines historical trends in desalination and breaks up the cost of desalination into energy based and nonenergy based. It then develops the learning curves (relationship between cumulative production and market price) for desalination. Assuming that the photovoltaic (PV) technology will be the dominant form of energy used in the desalination process, the existing PV learning curve and desalination learning curve are combined to explore the viability of large-scale adoption of desalination in the future. The world has been divided into seven regions and it is assumed that water demand from desalinated water will be met only within the 100-km coastal belt. It is shown that, in most of the regions, other than sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, and South Asia (where water tariffs are low), the desalination (without considering energy) becomes viable by 2040. For PV technology, less than 1 million MW per annum growth is required till 2050 to make it affordable. Globally, desalination with renewable energy can become a viable option to replace domestic and industrial water demand in the 100-km coastal belt by 2050.
11 Sood, Aditya; Prathapar, Sanmugam; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2014. Green and blue water. In Lautze, Jonathan (Ed.). Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.91-102. (Earthscan Water Text)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU, e-copy SF Record No: H046521)
12 Sood, Aditya; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2015. Global hydrological models : a review. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 60(4):549-565. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2014.950580]
Hydrology ; Models ; Remote sensing ; Water storage ; Vegetation ; Soil moisture ; Climate change ; Evapotranspiration ; Precipitation ; Calibration ; Satellite observation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046576)
(1.04 MB)
Global Hydrological Models (GHMs) have effectively become a separate research field in the last two decades. The paper reviews and compares 12 known global modeling efforts since 1989, the year the first GHM was published. Structure, strengths and weaknesses of individual models are examined, and the objectives of model development and their initial applications are documented. Issues such as model uncertainty, data scarcity, integration with remote sensing data and spatial resolution are discussed.
13 Muthuwatta, Lal; Sood, Aditya; Sharma, Bharat. 2014. Model to assess the impacts of external drivers on the hydrology of the Ganges River Basin. In Castellarin, A.; Ceola, S.; Toth, E.; Montanari, A. (Eds.). Evolving water resources systems: understanding, predicting and managing water-society interactions: proceedings of the 6th IAHS-EGU International Symposium on Integrated Water Resources Management, Bologna, Italy, 4-6 June 2014. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). pp.76-81.
Hydrology ; Models ; River basins ; Water yield ; Soils ; Assessment ; Climate change ; Precipitation ; Catchment areas ; Groundwater recharge / South East Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Tibet / Pakistan / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046673)
(1.40 MB)
Impact of climate change on the hydrology of the Ganges River Basin (GRB) is simulated by using a hydrological model – Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Climate data from the GCM, Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3) was downscaled with PRECIS for the GRB under A1B Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) scenarios. The annual average precipitation will increase by 2.2% and 14.1% by 2030 and 2050, respectively, compared to the baseline period (1981–2010). Spatial distribution of the future precipitation shows that in the substantial areas of the middle part of the GRB, the annual precipitation in 2030 and 2050 will be reduced compared to the baseline period. Simulations indicate that in 2050 the total groundwater recharge would increase by 12%, while the increase of evapotranspiration will be about 10% compared to the baseline period. The water yield is also expected to increase in the future (up to 40% by 2050 compared to baseline), especially during the wetter months. The model setup is available for free from IWMI’s modelling inventory.
14 Karimi, P.; Bastiaanssen, Wim G. M.; Sood, Aditya; Hoogeveen, J.; Peiser, L.; Bastidas-Obando, E.; Dost, R. J. 2015. Spatial evapotranspiration, rainfall and land use data in water accounting - Part 2: reliability of water acounting results for policy decisions in the Awash Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 19:533-550. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-533-2015]
Water accounting ; Land use ; Rain ; Evapotranspiration ; Policy making ; Decision making ; River basins ; Remote sensing ; Satellite surveys ; Indicators ; Hydrology ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Awash Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H046821)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/19/533/2015/hess-19-533-2015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046821.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H046821.pdf
(6.95 MB) (6.95 MB)
Water Accounting Plus (WA+) is a framework that summarizes complex hydrological processes and water management issues in river basins. The framework is designed to use satellite-based measurements of land and water variables and processes as input data. A general concern associated with the use of satellite measurements is their accuracy. This study focuses on the impact of the error in remote sensing measurements on water accounting and information provided to policy makers. The Awash Basin in the central Rift Valley in Ethiopia is used as a case study to explore the reliability of WA+ outputs, in the light of input data errors. The Monte Carlo technique was used for stochastic simulation of WA+ outputs over a period of 3 yr. The results show that the stochastic mean of the majority of WA+ parameters and performance indicators are within 5 % deviation from the original WA+ values based on one single calculation. Stochastic computation is proposed as a standard procedure for WA+ water accounting because it provides the uncertainty bandwidth for every WA+ output, which is essential information for sound decision-making processes. The majority of WA+ parameters and performance indicators have a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 20 %, which implies that they are reliable and provide consistent information on the functioning of the basin. The results of the Awash Basin also indicate that the utilized flow and basin closure fraction (the degree to which available water in a basin is utilized) have a high margin of error and thus a low reliability. As such, the usefulness of them in formulating important policy decisions for the Awash Basin is limited. Other river basins will usually have a more accurate assessment of the discharge in the river mouth.
15 Bekchanov, Maksud; Sood, Aditya; Jeuland, M. 2015. Review of hydro-economic models to address river basin management problems: structure, applications and research gaps. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 60p. (IWMI Working Paper 167) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2015.218]
River basin management ; Hydrology ; Economic impact ; Models ; Water demand ; Water power ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water quality ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water allocation ; Water footprint ; Virtual water ; International waters ; Groundwater recharge ; Reservoir storage ; Catchment areas ; Environmental flows ; Ecosystem services ; Indicators ; Climate change ; Dam construction ; Food security ; Institutions
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047337)
(2 MB)
Across the globe, the prospect of increasing water demands coupled with the potential for reduced water availability is calling for implementation of a range of technological, institutional, and economic instruments to address growing water scarcity. Hydro-economic models (HEMs), which integrate the complex hydrologic and economic interrelationships inherent in most water resources systems, provide an effective means of diagnosing and devising solutions to water-related problems across varied spatial and temporal scales. This study reviews recent advances in hydro-economic modeling and characterizes the types of issues that are typically explored in the hydro-economic modeling literature. Our findings suggest that additional efforts are needed to more realistically account for the range and complexity of interlinkages between water systems and society, particularly with regards to ecology and water quality, and the food and energy sectors. Additionally, the forces that depend on water and operate on the broader economy, for example in interregional trade should be investigated further. Moreover, effects on the distribution of income within countries, and on migration should be considered in basin management modeling studies.
16 Sood, Aditya. 2015. Global water requirements of future agriculture: using WATERSIM. In Hoanh, Chu Thai; Johnston, Robyn; Smakhtin, Vladimir. Climate change and agricultural water management in developing countries. Wallingford, UK: CABI. pp.32-47. (CABI Climate Change Series 8)
Water requirements ; Water demand ; Water accounting ; Water use ; Water resources ; Domestic water ; Climate change ; Agricultural sector ; Rainfed farming ; Industrial uses ; Food security ; Food consumption ; Socioeconomic environment ; Population growth
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047370)
(1.62 MB) (616 KB)
17 Muthuwatta, Lal; Amarasinghe, Upali Ananda; Sood, Aditya; Lagudu, S. 2015. Reviving the “Ganges Water Machine”: where and how much? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 12:741-763. [doi: https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-9741-2015]
Surface water ; Runoff water ; Monsoon climate ; Upstream ; Flooding ; River basin management ; Groundwater recharge ; Water storage ; Water availability ; Water demand ; Agriculture ; Soil management ; Soil water ; Flood control / South East Asia / India / Nepal / Bangladesh / Tibet / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047516)
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/12/9741/2015/hessd-12-9741-2015.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047516.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047516.pdf
(5.02 MB)
Surface runoff generated in the monsoon months in the upstream parts of the Ganges River Basin contributes substantially to downstream floods, while water shortages in the dry months affect agricultural production in the basin. This paper examines the parts (sub-basins) of the Ganges that have the potential for augmenting subsurface storage (SSS), increase the availability of water for agriculture and other uses, and mitigate the floods in the downstream areas. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used to estimate sub-basin-wise water availability. The water availability estimated is then compared with the sub-basin-wise un-met water demand for agriculture. Hy-drological analyses revealed that five sub-basins produced more than 10 billion cubic meters (B m3) of annual surface runoff consistently during the simulation period. In these sub-basins, less than 50 % of the annual surface runoff is sufficient to irrigate all irrigable land in both the Rabi (November to March) and summer (April to May) seasons. Further, for most of the sub-basins, there is sufficient water to meet the un-met water demand, provided that it is possible to capture the surface runoff during the wet season. It is estimated that the average flow to Bihar State from the upstream of the Ganges, a downstream basin location, is 277 ± 121 B m3, which is more than double the rainfall in the state alone. Strong relationships between outflows from the upstream sub-basins and the inflows to Bihar State suggested that flood inundation in the state could be reduced by capturing a portion of the upstream flows during the peak runoff periods.
18 Sood, Aditya; Manthrithilake, Herath; Siddiqui, Salman; Rajah, Ameer; Pathmarajah, S. 2015. Managing shallow aquifers in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(7):1-16. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4584-5]
Groundwater recharge ; Groundwater management ; Groundwater extraction ; Water balance ; Water resources ; Aquifers ; Arid zones ; Remote sensing ; Density ; Wells ; Rain / Sri Lanka / Jaffna Peninsula / Valikamam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047699)
This study looks at the groundwater issues in the dry zone of Sri Lanka and shows how the use of remote sensing with high-resolution images can help in groundwater management. A new approach is developed for automatic extraction of the location of agrowells using high-spatial-resolution satellite imageries. As an example, three pilot sites in three different aquifer systems in the country are considered, and their highresolution images are analyzed over two temporal time periods. The analysis suggests that the well density in all three regions has increased over the last few years, indicating higher levels of groundwater extraction. Using the well inventory developed by this new approach, the water budgeting was prepared for the mainland of Jaffna Peninsula. The analysis shows a wide variation in well density in the Jaffna Peninsula, ranging from (as little as) less than 15 wells per square kilometer to (as high as) more than 200 wells per square kilometer. Calculations made for the maximum allowable water extraction in each administrative division of Jaffna show that less than 3 h of daily extraction per well is possible in some districts. This points to an increasing pressure on groundwater resources in the region and thus highlights the importance of understanding groundwater budgets for sustainable development of the aquifers.
19 Sood, Aditya; Seidou, O.; Forkuor, G.; Annor, F. O.; McCartney, Matthew. 2016. Simulating current and future Volta Basin water development scenarios. In Williams, Timothy O.; Mul, Marloes L.; Biney, C. A.; Smakhtin, Vladimir (Eds.). The Volta River Basin: water for food, economic growth and environment. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.245-273.
River basin development ; Water resources development ; Water yield ; Water storage ; Water allocation ; Reservoir storage ; Hydrology ; Models ; Climate change ; Calibration ; Soil moisture / West Africa / Benin / Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast / Ghana / Mali / Togo / Volta River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H047736)
20 Sood, Aditya; Smakhtin, Vladimir; Eriyagama, Nishadi; Villholth, Karen G.; Liyanage, Nirosha; Wada, Y.; Ebrahim, Girma; Dickens, Chris. 2017. Global environmental flow information for the sustainable development goals. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 37p. (IWMI Research Report 168) [doi: https://doi.org/10.5337/2017.201]
Environmental flows ; Environmental management ; Sustainable development ; Development policy ; Rivers ; River basins ; Stream flow ; Surface water ; Groundwater extraction ; Groundwater recharge ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water availability ; Aquifers ; Ecosystems ; Stakeholders ; Indicators ; Runoff ; Hydrology ; Models
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H048035)
(2 MB)
Environmental flows (EF) are an important component of Goal 6 (the ‘water goal’) of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, many countries still do not have well-defined criteria on how to define EF. In this study, we bring together the International Water Management Institute’s (IWMI’s) expertise and previous research in this area to develop a new methodology to quantify EF at a global scale. EF are developed for grids (0.1 degree spatial resolution) for different levels of health (defined as environmental management classes [EMCs]) of river sections. Additionally, EF have been separated into surface water and groundwater components, which also helps in developing sustainable groundwater abstraction (SGWA) limits. An online tool has been developed to calculate EF and SGWA in any area of interest.
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