Your search found 6 records
1 Sharma, Bharat R.; Ambili, G. K. 2010. Impact of state regulation on groundwater exploitation in the 'hotspot' region of Punjab, India. [Abstract only]. In Abstracts of the “ Toward Sustainable Groundwater in Agriculture - an International Conference Linking Science and Policy”, Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California , USA, 15-17 June 2010. Davis, CA, USA: University of California; Sacramento, CA, USA: Water Education Foundation. pp.158-159.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333.91 G635 SHA Record No: H043125)
http://www.ag-groundwater.org/Materials/Ag-GW_2010_Abstracts.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043125.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H043125.pdf
(1.86 MB) (3.75 MB)
Groundwater resources, believed to have played an important role in Green revolution-induced agricultural productivity rise in India, is under serious threat due to overdraft, especially in the food basket states. Continued unregulated exploitation of this limited resource brought Indian Punjab into a state of acute water crisis, with 90 percent of the area experiencing falling water tables. Homogenized cropping (rice-wheat) followed in the state, with water-guzzling rice being the highly favored crop in the hot summer season (kharif) along with free energy supply to the farms, is the most to blame for this resource crisis. The plunging water levels and near-bankrupt energy supply utilities led the state government to regulate groundwater use by direct and indirect measures. The Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil Water Act-2009 is such an effort to conserve groundwater resource by mandatory shifting of the transplanting date (beyond the 10th of June) of paddy to periods of low evapo-transpiration (ET) demands. The Act also has a penalty clause (imposition of fine and recovery of the cost of uprooting the crop) for the non-adhering farmers. The present paper investigates the potential of the act in bringing about anticipated real water savings. It also looks at the impact of this water management option on agricultural energy consumption. The analysis showed that a net ET gain of 14 mm to 90 mm could be obtained by a delayed transplanting of 1 to 6 weeks. ET demand of the crop reduces by 1.8, 2.4, 3.5, 6.1, 8.6 and 9.3 percent through shifting of transplanting dates by 1 to 6 weeks (Fig. 1). When the whole rice cropped area (2.62 M ha) of Punjab followed the late transplanting by the 10th of June, the net water savings of 2,180 million cubic meter were achieved resulting in a saving of 7 percent in annual groundwater draft. This would potentially check the water table decline by 60 to 65 percent. This shall also lead to a saving of about 175 million KWh of energy used for pumping with no loss in rice productivity. Poor and marginal farmers are likely to have relatively higher economic benefits by this saving in electricity, as they spend a higher proportion of their household income on purchase/ renting of pumps. Although, it is still early to evaluate the impacts of such a novel act in a democratic setup, there are prima facie reports citing effective implementation with only 0.6 percent early transplanters up to end of May 2008 when the Act was introduced as an Ordinance. The study further recommends that rather than a single way of responding; delayed transplanting ought to be integrated with other demand management options for added gains.
2 Sharma, Bharat R.; Ambili, G. K.; Sidhu, B. S. 2010. The Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Water Act: a regulatory mechanism for saving groundwater. In Rao, M. S.; Khobragade, S.; Kumar, B.; Singh, R. D. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Water Availability and Management in Punjab (WAMIP-2010), Chandigarh, India, 13-15 December 2010. Roorkee, India: National Institute of Hydrology. pp.405-414.
Groundwater irrigation ; Groundwater depletion ; Water conservation ; Legislation ; Transplanting ; Rice ; Evapotranspiration ; Water productivity ; Energy consumption ; Pumping / India / Punjab
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043431)
(0.96 MB)
Groundwater resources, believed to have played an important role in Green Revolution induced agricultural productivity rise in India, is under serious threat due to overdraft. The unregulated exploitation of this limited resource had brought Indian Punjab into a state of acute water crisis. Homogenized cropping followed in the state, with water guzzling rice being the highly favoured crop in kharif, is the most to blame for this resource crisis. The plunging water levels in the state led the state Government to regulate groundwater use byseveral district and indirect measures. The Punjab Preservation of Sub-soil Water Act-2009 is such an effort to conserve groundwater resource by mandatory delay in the transplanting paddy beyond 10th June to escape periods of very evapotranspiration demands. The present paper investigates the potential of the act in bringing about anticipated real water savings of groundwater. It also looks at the impact of this regulatory framework on savings in agricultural electricity consumption in the state.
3 Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali; Ambili, G. K.. (Eds.) 2010. Tackling water and food crisis in South Asia: insights from the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Synthesis report of the Basin Focal Project for the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). 120p. (CPWF Project Report 60)
River basin management ; Development projects ; Water governance ; Water allocation ; Water demand ; Water productivity ; Wheat ; Rice ; Fisheries ; Institutions ; Electricity ; Diesel oil ; Prices ; Water market ; Groundwater ; Tenancy ; Poverty / India / Pakistan / Nepal / Bangladesh / Indus Rive Basin / Ganges River Basin / Koshi River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044046)
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3939/PN60_IWMI_Project%20Report_Mar10_final.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044046.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044046.pdf
(6.56 MB) (5.13MB)
4 Sharma, Bharat; Amarasinghe, Upali; Cai, Xueliang; de Condappa, D.; Shah, Tushaar; Mukherji, Aditi; Bharati, Luna; Ambili, G. K.; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Pant, Dhruba; Xenarios, Stefanos; Singh, R.; Smakhtin, Vladimir. 2012. The Indus and the Ganges: river basins under extreme pressure. In Fisher, M.; Cook, Simon (Eds.). Water, food and poverty in river basins: defining the limits. London, UK: Routledge. pp.30-58.
River basins ; Water resources ; Population growth ; Poverty ; Social aspects ; Living conditions ; Water demand ; Water use ; Water productivity ; Water conservation ; Groundwater management ; Irrigation water ; Energy consumption ; Electricity ; Policy ; Water law ; Water governance ; Land use ; Land tenure ; Crop production ; Rice ; Wheat ; Economic aspects ; Case studies ; Farmers / India / Pakistan / Nepal / Indus River Basin / Ganges River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044838)
(2.27 MB)
5 Amarasinghe, Upali; Xenarios, Stefanos; Ambili, G. K.; Srinivasulu, R.; Singh, A. K.; Pant, Dhruba; Qureshi, Asad Sarwar; Samad, Madar. 2010. Water-land-poverty nexus in the Indo-Gangetic Basin. In Sharma, Bharat R.; Amarasinghe, Upali; Ambili, G. K. (Eds). Tackling water and food crisis in South Asia: insights from the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Synthesis report of the Basin Focal Project for the Indo-Gangetic Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) pp.80-97.
River basins ; Water productivity ; Rural poverty ; Indicators ; Maps ; Land ownership ; Farmers ; Water governance / India / Pakistan / Nepal / Bangladesh / Indo-Gangetic River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044053)
http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/handle/10568/3939/PN60_IWMI_Project%20Report_Mar10_final.pdf?sequence=1
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044053.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044053.pdf
(0.62 MB) (6.56MB)
6 Chandran, K. M.; Ambili, G. K.. 2016. Evaluation of minor irrigation schemes using performance indicators: case studies from South India. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(4):431-437. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-016-0074-3]
Irrigation schemes ; Small scale systems ; Performance evaluation ; Performance indexes ; Water availability ; Water productivity ; Water supply ; Water requirements ; Crops ; Farmer participation ; Case studies / South India / Kerala / Kozhikode / Kanniparamba Minor Irrigation Scheme / Vellannur Minor Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047962)
(0.41 MB)
Food security challenge in India can be addressed to a considerable extent by improving the performance of irrigation systems. Two minor irrigation schemes in the Kozhikode district of Kerala in South India, namely, Kanniparamba and Vellannur, were assessed for their performance in terms of technical and social components. Water availability constraint in crop growth does not exist, as denoted by the high Relative Water Supply values. Irrigation delivery service in Vellannur is better, compared to Kanniparamba, when their relative irrigation supply values are taken into account. The canal system in Vellannur scheme also shows better maintenance, and hence, conveys water more effectively to the farms. Opportunity for saving water exists in the schemes through careful operation of the system and planning the water delivery by considering effective rainfall and crop water requirements. The relevance of initiating farmer participatory activities for management/distribution of the required quantity of water for crops to enable farmers to change from the practice of excess water use and for better water management is evident. This can be achieved by introducing suitable measures to institutionalize farmers’ participation under the minor irrigation schemes, which do not presently exist under the minor irrigation sector in Kerala State of India.
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