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1 Chandrajith, R.; Mahatantila, K.; Jayasena, H. A. H.; Tobschall, H. J. 2008. Geochemical characteristics of sediments from a reservoir (tank) ecosystem in Sri Lanka. Paddy and Water Environment, 6(4):363-371. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-008-0133-y]
Reservoir ; Tanks ; Ecosystems ; Sedimentary materials ; Analytical methods ; Pollution control ; Irrigation systems / Sri Lanka / Deduru Oya basin / Malagane tank / Maguru Oya sub-basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043179)
(0.83 MB)
Major, trace and selected high field strength element geochemistry of fresh-water sediments from the Malagane tank, Deduru Oya basin, Sri Lanka, has been investigated in this study. Sediment samples were collected from 13 locations and analyzed for their elemental distribution using the X-ray fluorescence technique. The sediments were characterized by relatively low organic matter, ranging from 4.8 to 16.9%. The elemental distributions were compared with those of the average upper continental curst, and it was found that, with a few exceptions, most of the studied elements are either comparable or depleted. Correlation and principal component analyses were applied to identify the relationships among studied elements. Major elements, most trace and light rare earth elemental distribution show strong positive correlation with Al2O3 and TiO2, which indicate that the phyllosilicates and heavy minerals in the sediments are the probable hosts for these elements. The results also indicate that the sediments in the Malagane tank are representative of the materials from the metamorphic rocks in the watershed and were subjected to changes within the tank ecosystem. The results obtained from this study are vital for future pollution management of tank ecosystems in Sri Lanka, since information on elemental distribution within the sediments of tank ecosystem is lacking.
2 Balasooriya, S.; Munasinghe, H.; Herath, A. T.; Diyabalanage, S.; Ileperuma, O. A.; Manthrithilake, Herath; Daniel, C.; Amann, K.; Zwiener, C.; Barth, J. A. C.; Chandrajith, R.. 2020. Possible links between groundwater geochemistry and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu): an investigation from the Ginnoruwa Region in Sri Lanka. Exposure and Health, 12(4):823-834. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-019-00340-w]
Kidney diseases ; Chronic course ; Groundwater ; Geochemistry ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Fluorides ; Magnesium ; Trace elements ; Water hardness ; Wells ; Villages ; Arid zones ; Spatial distribution / Sri Lanka / Girandurukotte / Ginnoruwa
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050214)
(2.46 MB)
Since at least two decades, Chronic Kidney Disease of Uncertain Etiology (CKDu) has become an increasingly discussed health issue in Sri Lanka and as well as in other tropical regions. Areas that are particularly affected with the disease are mostly located in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. The disease is more prominent among communities that consume groundwater as their main source of drinking water. Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in the Ginnoruwa area, a known hotspot of CKDu. It revealed possible links between drinking water chemistry and the spreading of the disease. This work compares hydrogeochemical data of drinking water sources of wells whose consumers are affected by CKDu and other nearby wells whose consumers were not affected by the disease. A total of 63 groundwater samples were collected from selected wells. About one-third of these samples (i.e., 19) were collected from wells used by CKDu patients. Significantly higher values of pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, Ca2+, Mg2+, F-, Cl-, PO4 3-, and SO4 2- were found in wells that were used by CKDu patients. Mean contents of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in CKDu affected wells were 33.8 mg/L, 30.1 mg/L, and 14.9 mg/L, respectively, compared to 23.1 mg/L, 26.7 mg/L, and 9.65 mg/L in non-CKDu wells. Differences in major ion geochemistry in groundwaters are possibly governed by variable time periods of water storage in fractured hard rock aquifers in this region. Hydrogeochemical parameters were statistically compared by a Mann–Whitney U test and indicated significant differences in total dissolved solids (TDS) (p=0.016), SO4 2- (p=0.005), PO4 3- (p=0.030), F- (p=0.048), Na+ (p=0.008), and Mg2+(p=0.008) between non-CKDu and CKDu wells at p=0.050 level. Other suspected solutes such as nephrotoxic trace elements including As, Cd, and Pb were similar in both types of wells. They were also lower than the accepted guideline limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). Results of this study suggest that fluoride in drinking water in combination with water hardness may be one of the responsible factors for kidney damage and progression of the disease. This may be particularly the case when elevated amounts of Mg2+ are present in hard groundwater.
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