Your search found 4 records
1 Siddiqi, A. J. 1989. Canal irrigation in the Peshawar Valley: A historical overview. In Tirmizi, J.; Parlin, B. (Eds.), Societal dynamics and irrigation systems: A compilation of working papers: Phase 1 - Encouraging water users involvement in better water management sub-project. Islamabad, Pakistan: Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources. pp.33-39.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 631.7.3 G730 TIR Record No: H06954)
2 Smith, M. D. (Ed.) 1991. Infrastructure for low-income communities: Proceedings of the 16th WEDC International Conference, Regional Centre for Urban and Environmental Studies (RCUES), Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, 27-31 August, 1990. Leicestershire, UK: WEDC. xiii, 225p.
Community development ; Women in development ; Rural development ; Employment ; Infrastructure ; Non-governmental organizations ; Sanitation ; Poverty ; Irrigation programs ; Urbanization ; Manual pumps ; Water supply / Bangladesh / Pakistan / Nepal / Sri Lanka / India / Zimbabwe / Palestine / Iran / Peshawar / Tamil Nadu
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 307.1 G000 SMI Record No: H030166)
3 Murtaza, G.; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor; Owens, G.; Aziz, M. A.; Zia, M. H.; Saifullah. 2010. Disposal and use of sewage on agricultural lands in Pakistan: a review. Pedosphere, 20(1):23–34.
Heavy metals ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Sewage ; Soil properties ; Vegetable growing ; Wastewater irrigation / Pakistan / Faisalabad / Peshawar
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042869)
(0.14 MB)
Raw sewage is widely used on agricultural soils in urban areas of developing countries to meet water shortages. Although it is a good source of plant nutrients, such sewage also increases the heavy metal load to soils, which may impact the food chain. Management options for sewage contaminated soils includes addition of nontoxic compounds such as lime, calcium sulfate and organic matter, which form insoluble metal complexes, thus reducing metal phytoavailability to plants. In this paper we review the variation in irrigation quality of sewage at different sites and its impact on the quality of soils and vegetables. Although quality of sewage was highly variable at source, yet the effluent from food industries was relatively safe for irrigation. In comparison effluent samples collected from textile, dyeing, calendaring, steel industry, hospitals and clinical laboratories, foundries and tanneries were hazardous with respect to soluble salts, sodium adsorption ratio and heavy metals like zinc, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium. The sewage quality in main drains was better than that at the industry outlet, but was still not safe for irrigation. In general, higher accumulation of metals in fruits and vegetable roots was recorded compared to that in plant leaves. Edible parts of vegetables (fruits and/or leaves) accumulated metals more than the permissible limits despite the soils contained ammonium bicarbonate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid extractable metals within a safe range. In either case further scientific investigations are needed to ensure safe management strategies. Cadmium appeared to be the most threatening metal especially in leafy vegetables. It is advisable to avoid leafy vegetables cultivation in sewage irrigated areas everywhere to restrict its entry into food chain.
4 Fahad, S.; Wang, J. 2018. Farmers’ risk perception, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change in rural Pakistan. Land Use Policy, 79:301-309. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.08.018]
Climate change adaptation ; Weather hazards ; Risk assessment ; Farmers' attitudes ; Flooding ; Drought ; Rural areas ; Living standards ; Households ; Socioeconomic environment / Pakistan / Khyber Pakhtunkhwa / Charsadda / Mardan / Peshawar / Nowshera
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049039)
(1.61 MB)
Pakistan is the world’s most susceptible country to extreme climatic events, such as floods and droughts. This study aims to investigate the risks related to climate variability and the adaptation measures utilized by farm households in their farms to cope with the adverse shocks of climatic disasters. A dataset of 600 respondents was collected using structured questionnaire from four districts namely Charsadda, Mardan, Nowshera and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Findings of the research showed that soil fertility loss, water scarcity, changes in crop yields and crop diseases were the main determinants of climate variability. Further study participants were also utilizing several adaptation techniques such as change in crop type and variety, change fertilizer, seed quality, pesticide, plant shade trees; water storage and farm diversification. Results of our study further showed that in the study area, study participants were facing various constraints in adoption of certain adaptation measures to deal with climate variability, such as shortage of labor, insecure land tenure system, lack of market access, poverty, land of governmental support, lack of access to assets, lack of water sources, lack of credit sources and lack of knowledge and information were the main constraints faced by the farm households. Findings of this research provide useful insights to the responsible authorities for policy implementation. Our study further suggests that the government should provide proper support to the farmers in the shape of access to farm inputs, access to information and extension services on climate variability and adaptation.
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