Your search found 7 records
1 Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Carr, R.; Buechler, Stephanie. 2005. Managing wastewater agriculture to improve livelihoods and environmental quality in poor countries. Irrigation and Drainage, 54(Supplement 1):S11-S22.
Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Water scarcity ; Irrigated farming ; Public health ; Risks ; Food supply / India / Pakistan / Vietnam / Ghana
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037441)
2 Carr, R.. 2005. WHO guidelines for safe wastewater use - more than just numbers. Irrigation and Drainage, 54(Supplement 1):S103-S111.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H037449)
3 Bos, R.; Carr, R.; Keraita, Bernard. 2010. Assessing and mitigating wastewater-related health risks in low-income countries: an introduction. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.29-47. (Also in French).
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Risk management ; Diseases ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042602)
(0.20 MB)
In and around urban areas pollution of natural water bodies is on the rise. As a result, wastewater irrigation is an increasingly common reality around most cities in the developing world. For reasons of technical capacity or economics, effective treatment may not be available for years to come; therefore, international guidelines to safeguard farmers and consumers must be practical and offer feasible riskmanagement options. This chapter provides an introduction to microbiological hazards. These can be addressed best in a step-wise risk assessment and management approach starting with wastewater treatment where possible, and supported by different pathogen barriers from farm to fork. A major change in the most recent WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture (WHO, 2006) agriculture is the focus on a holistic approach to achieving health-based targets, instead of prescribing irrigation waterquality threshold levels that are often unattainable. The health-based targets should not be read as absolute values but as goals to be attained in the short, medium or long term depending on the country’s technical capacity and institutional or economic conditions. Local standards and actual implementation should progressively develop as the country moves up the sanitation ladder. While healthrisk assessments are recommended to identify entry points for risk reduction and health-based targets, the Guidelines also offer shortcuts in situations where research capacities and data are constrained.
4 Jimenez, B.; Mara, D.; Carr, R.; Brissaud, F. 2010. Wastewater treatment for pathogen removal and nutrient conservation: suitable systems for use in developing countries. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa (Eds.). Wastewater irrigation and health: assessing and mitigating risk in low-income countries. London, UK: Earthscan; Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.149-169. (Also in French).
Wastewater treatment ; Ponds ; Control methods ; Filtration ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Nutrients ; Wastewater irrigation ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.5 G000 DRE Record No: H042608)
(0.17 MB)
This chapter summarizes the main characteristics of wastewater treatment processes, especially those suitable for use in developing countries, from the perspective of their potential to produce an effluent suitable for safe agricultural irrigation; it thus concentrates on pathogen removal and nutrient conservation. Wastewater treatment processes are divided into two principal categories: ‘natural’ systems which do not rely on the consumption of large amounts of electrical energy and which are therefore more suitable for use in developing countries; and conventional electromechanical systems which are wholly energy-dependent and which, if used in low income regions, require high levels of financial investment for their construction and skilled manpower for their successful operation and maintenance. The removal of viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminthic pathogens achieved by the most commonly used natural and conventional treatment processes are detailed, and recommendations are made for process selection.
5 Scott, Christopher; Faruqui , N.; Carr, R.; Blumenthal, U.; Amerasinghe, Felix; Redwood, M.; Ramachandran, G.; Al-Beiruti, S. N.; Prain, G.; Gopal, M. G.; Raschid, Liqa; Huibers, F.; Agodzo, S.; Mukherjee, M.; Madsen, T.; Cornish, G.; Silva, P.; Minhas, P. S.; Niang, S.; Al Khatib, N.; Ghougassian, B.; Drechsel, Pay; Shetty, S.; Blummel, M.; Sengupta, A. K.; Matsuno, Y.; van Veenhuizen, R.; Hall, A.; Keraita, Bernard; Simmons, Rob; Shalabi, M.; Murray-Rust, Hammond; Hainsworth, S.; Rajan, V.; Buechler, Stephanie; Reddy, U. M.; McCornick, Peter; Devi, Gayathri; Kielen, N.; Ensink, Jeroen; Devi, Rama; van der Hoek, Wim; Kundu, N.; Haan, Max; Abayawardana, Sarath; Narayana, P.; Bouma, Jetske. 2005. The Hyderabad Declaration on Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 14 November 2002, Hyderabad, India. [A public statement]. 3p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043804)
6 Bos, R.; Carr, R.; Keraita, Bernard. 2011. Evaluer et attenuer les risques sanitaires associes aux eaux usees dans les pays a faible revenu: une introduction. In French. [Assessing and mitigating wastewater-related health risks in low-income countries: an introduction]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.31-50. (Also in English).
Wastewater irrigation ; Health hazards ; Risk assessment ; Risk management ; Diseases ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044459)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Research_Impacts/Research_Themes/Theme_3/PDF/French%20book.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044459.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H044459.pdf
(0.80 MB) (5.96MB)
In and around urban areas pollution of natural water bodies is on the rise. As a result, wastewater irrigation is an increasingly common reality around most cities in the developing world. For reasons of technical capacity or economics, effective treatment may not be available for years to come; therefore, international guidelines to safeguard farmers and consumers must be practical and offer feasible riskmanagement options. This chapter provides an introduction to microbiological hazards. These can be addressed best in a step-wise risk assessment and management approach starting with wastewater treatment where possible, and supported by different pathogen barriers from farm to fork. A major change in the most recent WHO Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture (WHO, 2006) agriculture is the focus on a holistic approach to achieving health-based targets, instead of prescribing irrigation waterquality threshold levels that are often unattainable. The health-based targets should not be read as absolute values but as goals to be attained in the short, medium or long term depending on the country’s technical capacity and institutional or economic conditions. Local standards and actual implementation should progressively develop as the country moves up the sanitation ladder. While healthrisk assessments are recommended to identify entry points for risk reduction and health-based targets, the Guidelines also offer shortcuts in situations where research capacities and data are constrained.
7 Jimenez, B.; Mara, D.; Carr, R.; Brissaud, F. 2011. Traitement des eaux usees pour l’elimination des agents pathogenes et la conservation des elements: nutritifs Des systemes adaptes aux pays en developpement. In French. [Wastewater treatment for pathogen removal and nutrient conservation: suitable systems for use in developing countries]. In Drechsel, Pay; Scott, C. A.; Raschid-Sally, Liqa; Redwood, M.; Bahri, Akissa. L’irrigation avec des eaux usees et la sante: evaluer et attenuer les risques dans les pays a faible revenu. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre (IDRC); Quebec, Canada: University of Quebec. pp.161-184. (Also in English).
Wastewater treatment ; Ponds ; Control methods ; Filtration ; Pathogens ; Helminths ; Nutrients ; Wastewater irrigation ; Developing countries
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H044465)
(5.96MB)
This chapter summarizes the main characteristics of wastewater treatment processes, especially those suitable for use in developing countries, from the perspective of their potential to produce an effluent suitable for safe agricultural irrigation; it thus concentrates on pathogen removal and nutrient conservation. Wastewater treatment processes are divided into two principal categories: ‘natural’ systems which do not rely on the consumption of large amounts of electrical energy and which are therefore more suitable for use in developing countries; and conventional electromechanical systems which are wholly energy-dependent and which, if used in low income regions, require high levels of financial investment for their construction and skilled manpower for their successful operation and maintenance. The removal of viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminthic pathogens achieved by the most commonly used natural and conventional treatment processes are detailed, and recommendations are made for process selection.
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