Your search found 10 records
1 Mohammed, H.; Yohannes, F.; Zeleke, G.. 2005. Validation of agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) pollution model in Kori watershed, South Wollo, Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 6(2):97-109.
Watersheds ; Models ; Runoff ; Erosion ; Sedimentation ; Water conservation ; Soil conservation / Ethiopia / South Wollo / Kori Watershed
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 7441 Record No: H037832)
2 Amede, Tilahun; Kassa, H.; Zeleke, G.; Shiferaw, A.; Kismu, S.; Melese, T. 2007. Working with communities and building local institutions for sustainable land management in the Ethiopian highlands. Mountain Research and Development, 27(1):15-19.
Land management ; Land degradation ; Rehabilitation ; Watershed management ; Social participation ; Development projects / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 333 G136 AME Record No: H040592)
3 Collick, A. S.; Easton, Z. M.; Ashagrie, T.; Biruk, B.; Tilahun, S.; Adgo, E.; Awulachew, Seleshi Bekele; Zeleke, G.; Steenhuis, T. S. 2009. A simple semi-distributed water balance model for the Ethiopian highlands. Hydrological Processes, 23:3718-3727. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7517]
Rainfall-runoff relationships ; Soil water ; Water balance ; Models ; Calibration ; Hydrology ; River basins ; Watersheds ; Climate / Ethiopia / Sudan / Egypt / Nile Basin / Upper Nile Basin / Yeku Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042577)
(0.31 MB)
The discharge of the Nile River is highly dependent on the flow generated in the highlands of Ethiopia. However, little is known about the local (i.e. small scale) watershed hydrological response, due in part to a lack of long duration, continuous hydrological data. The goal of this paper was to develop a realistic, simple model that is useful as a tool for planning watershed management and conservation activities so that the effects of local interventions on stream flow can be predicted at a larger scale. The developed model is semi-distributed in that it divides the watershed into different regions that become hydrologically active given different amounts of effective cumulative rainfall after the start of the rainy season. A separate water balance is run for each of the hydrologic regions using rainfall and potential evaporation as the major inputs. Watershed parameters that were calibrated included the amount of water required before each region becomes hydrologically active, the fraction of soil water that becomes runoff and subsurface flow, and aquifer characteristics, Model validation indicated that daily discharge values were predicted reasonably well with Nash Sutcliffe values ranging from 0Ð56 to 0Ð78. Despite the large distance between the test watersheds, the input parameter values for the watershed characteristic were remarkably similar for the humid highlands, indicating that the model could be used to predict discharge in un-gauged basins in the region. As expected, the watershed in the semi-arid region behaved somewhat differently than the other three watersheds. Good quality precipitation data, even for short durations, were key to the effective modelling of runoff in the highland watersheds.
4 Derib, S. D.; Assefa, T.; Berhanu, B.; Zeleke, G.. 2009. Impacts of micro-basin water harvesting structures in improving vegetative cover in degraded hillslope areas of north-east Ethiopia. Rangeland Journal, 31(2):259-265.
Water harvesting ; Drought ; Biomass ; Seedlings ; Livestock ; Feeds ; Water productivity / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 636 100 AME Record No: H042784)
(0.65 MB)
Water is one of the most important entry points to improve rural livelihoods in drought affected areas of the north-eastern Amhara region in Ethiopia. Various attempts have been made to overcome this problem by making use of different water harvesting structures. However, the choice of structures has been difficult because of a lack of empirical evidence on the relative effectiveness of the different structures. An experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 to compare and evaluate three different water harvesting structures (eye-brow basin, half-moon and trench) against the normal seedling plantation practice by farmers (normal pit) as a control. Data on root collar diameter (RCD), diameter at breast height (DBH), height and survival rate of Acacia saligna tree seedlings was collected at 3-month intervals after planting and annual grass biomass production was also measured. Trench and eye-brow basin structures produced 68, 95, 52 and 44% increases in RCD, DBH, height and survival rate, respectively, 15 months after planting compared with the normal pit. Trench structures increased grass biomass by 41.1% compared with normal pits. Eye-brow basins are recommended on hillsides where stone is available while trenchs could be used where stone is scarce. The results indicated that well designed water harvesting micro-basin structures can mitigate the effect of dry spell shocks on tree seedling performance and land cover rehabilitation. They were also very effective in increasing grass biomass production indicating the potential for improving livestock feed on the available barren hillsides.
5 Hurni, H.; Osman-Elasha, B.; Barnett, A.; Herbert, A.; Idel, A.; Kairo, M.; Pascual-Gapasin, D.; Schneider, J.; Wiebe, K.; Cisse, G.; Clark, N.; de la Fuente, M.; Debele, B.; Giger, M.; Hoeggel, U.; Kasimov, U.; Kiteme, B.; Klaey, A.; Koottatep, T.; Jiggins, J.; Maudlin, I.; Molden, David; Ott, C.; Gutierrez, M. P.; Portner. B.; Rajalahti, R.; Rist, S.; Zeleke, G.. 2009. Context, conceptual framework and sustainability indicators. In McIntyre, B. D.; Herren, H. R.; Wakhungu, J.; Watson, R. T. (Eds.). International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD): Agriculture at a Crossroads, global report. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press. pp.1-56.
Agriculture ; Agricultural production ; Poverty ; Public health ; Environmental effects ; Natural resources ; Social aspects ; Equity ; Indicators
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042790)
(1.51 MB)
6 Collick, A. S.; Easton, Z. M.; Adgo, E.; Awulachew, Seleshi B.; Zeleke, G.; Steenhuis, T. S. 2008. Application of a physically-based water balance model on four watersheds throughout the Upper Nile Basin in Ethiopia. In Abtew, W.; Melesse, A. M. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Workshop on Hydrology and Ecology of the Nile River Basin under Extreme Conditions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 16-19 June 2008. Sandy, UT, USA: Aardvark Global Publishing. pp.93-113.
Water balance ; Models ; Watersheds ; River Basins ; Hydrology ; Soil conservation ; Evapotranspiration ; Runoff ; Rain ; Discharge ; Calibration ; Water content / Ethiopia / Blue Nile River Basin / Yeku Watershed / Maybar Watershed / Andit Tid Watershed / Anjeni Watershed
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.48 G136 ABT Record No: H044303)
(1.46 MB)
7 Mekuriaw, A.; Heinimann, A.; Zeleke, G.; Hurni, H. 2018. Factors influencing the adoption of physical soil and water conservation practices in the Ethiopian highlands. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(1):23-30. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.12.006]
Water conservation ; Soil conservation ; Highlands ; Cultivated land ; Environmental effects ; Erosion ; Farmers attitudes ; Socioeconomic environment ; State intervention ; Political aspects ; Case studies / Ethiopia / Ethiopian highlands
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048702)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633917302058/pdfft?md5=8e4f281067f8b1a7f7f6674eec60de0f&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633917302058-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048702.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048702.pdf
(0.97 MB) (996 KB)
Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures have been constructed on cultivated land for nearly 40 years to reduce soil loss and improve crop yields and people's livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands. However, the success of this huge effort has been mixed, and the main constraints have not been investigated in detail. This study was undertaken to identify the factors determining the adoption of SWC structures in the Ethiopian Highlands. Case study areas were selected from high-potential and low-potential areas. Data were collected from 269 farmers using face-to-face interviews, and through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the majority (87%) of the farmers interviewed were using SWC structures. Regionally, nearly all farmers in the low-potential areas and 56% of farmers in the high-potential areas constructed and were maintaining the structures properly. This disparity is due to the fact that in the low-potential areas there have been strong governmental involvement and technical and financial support, and hence the farmers there have a better understanding of the multiple uses of physical SWC structures than do farmers in the high-potential areas. In addition, off-farm activities and free grazing plays a substantial role. We can conclude that clear understanding of the benefits of SWC structures by farmers, active involvement and technical support from the government, and genuine participation of farmers in SWC practices were found to be main factors in the adoption of SWC measures.
8 Kassawmar, T.; Gessesse, G. D.; Zeleke, G.; Subhatu, A. 2018. Assessing the soil erosion control efficiency of land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization in Ethiopia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 6(2):87-98. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2018.02.001]
Erosion control ; Watersheds ; Land management ; Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Soil erosion models ; Universal soil loss equation ; Land use ; Land cover change ; Labour ; Communities / Ethiopia / Amhara / Tigray
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048779)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095633917302277/pdfft?md5=fcee31b61dafb53dfec1faccc0f338d9&pid=1-s2.0-S2095633917302277-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048779.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H048779.pdf
(4.13 MB) (4.13 MB)
This study aimed to assess the influence of conservation practices (P) and cover management (C) on soil loss reduction by determining it at the scale of landscape units in 16 systematically selected watersheds. Focusing on major land management practices implemented through free community labor mobilization, the assessment combined remote sensing techniques, field observation, and expert as well as local knowledge. The results show an average net decrement of 39% ( 7 19%) in the P factor value and 8.9% ( 7 21%) in the C factor value after implementation of land management practices. P factor value reduction is linked to a high area coverage of level structures, while increases in the P factor value are associated with poor quality of structures, inappropriate practices, and wide spacing between structures on steep slopes. C factor value reduction is observed in non-arable shrub- and bushland with enriched area closure, whereas increased C factor values are associated with open access grasslands and untreated croplands. The overall change in P and C factor values resulted in a 42% ( 7 28%) relative soil loss reduction. The demonstrated approach makes it possible to assess spatial and temporal dynamics in the P and C erosion factors and to estimate spatially disaggregated changes in the P and C factor values. This can help to improve parameterization of inputs for erosion modelling and to assess their relative soil loss effect. The approach provides valuable feedback on watershed planning processes and supports informed decisions regarding the appropriate selection of land management practices.
9 Bantider, A.; Haileslassie, Amare; Alamirew, T.; Zeleke, G.. 2021. Soil and water conservation and sustainable development. In Filho, W. L.; Azul, A. M.; Brandli, L.; Salvia, A. L.; Wall, T. (Eds.). Clean water and sanitation. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 13p. (Online first). (Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70061-8_138-1]
Soil conservation ; Water conservation ; Sustainable Development Goals ; Soil management ; Water management ; Sustainable land management ; Soil erosion ; Land degradation ; Watersheds ; Indigenous peoples' knowledge ; Participatory research ; Technology ; Policies
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050434)
(0.39 MB)
10 Berhanu, D.; Alamirew, T.; Taye, Meron Teferi; Tibebe, D.; Gebrehiwot, S.; Zeleke, G.. 2023. Evaluation of CMIP6 models in reproducing observed rainfall over Ethiopia. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 14(8):2583-2605. [doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2023.502]
Climate models ; Performance assessment ; Evaluation ; Rainfall patterns ; Spatial distribution ; Trends ; Precipitation ; Seasonal variation ; Datasets ; Climate change / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H052162)
https://iwaponline.com/jwcc/article-pdf/14/8/2583/1277280/jwc0142583.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052162.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H052162.pdf
(1.79 MB) (1.79 MB)
Ethiopia is highly susceptible to the effects of climate change and variability. This study evaluated the performances of 37 CMIP6 models against a gridded rainfall product of Ethiopia known as Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) in simulating the observed rainfall from 1981 to 2014. Taylor Skill Score was used for ranking the performance of individual models for mean monthly, June–September, and February–May seasonal rainfall. Comprehensive rating metrics (RM) were used to derive the overall ranks of the models. Results show that the performances of the models were not consistent in reproducing rainfall distributions at different statistical metrics and timeframes. More than 20 models simulated the largest dry bias on high topographic and rainfall-receiving areas of the country during the June–September season. The RM-based overall ranks of CMIP6 models showed that GFDL-CM4 is the best-performing model followed by GFDL-ESM4, NorESM2-MM, and CESM2 in simulating rainfall over Ethiopia. The ensemble of these four Global Climate Models showed the best performance in representing the spatiotemporal patterns of the observed rainfall relative to the ensembles of all models. Generally, this study highlighted the existence of dry bias in climate model projections for Ethiopia, which requires bias adjustment of the models, for impact assessment.
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