Your search found 69 records
1 Lautze, Jonathan; Giordano, Mark. 2007. Demanding supply management and supplying demand management: transboundary waters in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Environment and Development, 16(3):290-306.
Water law ; International agreements ; Water resources development ; Water resource management / Africa / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041682)
The emphasis of the world’s transboundary water law has gradually shifted in the past half century from water resources development to water resources management and environmental protection. This change in institutional focus is a natural outcome of changing resource conditions, in particular the high levels of water resources development achieved in many regions as well as rising economic prosperity and associated changes in environmental perception. Surprisingly, this analysis reveals that transboundary water law in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) follows these global trends even though SSA’s levels of water resources development, economic prosperity, and food security are significantly lower than any other region in the world. These findings suggest that the nature of SSA’s transboundary water law may be largely “handed down” from other parts of the world with different realities than those present in SSA. Recognizing this relationship can provide important lessons for improving transboundary water governance in the region.
2 Lautze, Jonathan; Kirshen, P. 2009. Water allocation, climate change, and sustainable water use in Israel, Palestine: the Palestinian position. Water International, 34(2):189-203. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060902903175]
Water allocation ; Equity ; International waters ; Territorial waters ; Climate change ; Water use ; Aquifers ; Water supply ; Population growth / Israel / Palestine
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042156)
(0.35 MB)
3 Kibret, S.; McCartney, Matthew; Lautze, Jonathan; Jayasinghe, G. 2009. Malaria transmission in the vicinity of impounded water: evidence from the Koka Reservoir, Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 39p. (IWMI Research Report 132) [doi: https://doi.org/10.3910/2009.129]
Malaria ; Waterborne diseases ; Disease vectors ; Habitats ; Disease control ; Entomology ; Epidemiology ; Surveys ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Villages ; Case studies / Africa / Ethiopia / Koka Reservoir / Rift Valley / Awash River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 614.532 G100 KIB Record No: H042338)
(1.26 MB)
The construction of dams in Africa is often associated with adverse malaria impacts in surrounding communities. However, the degree and nature of these impacts are rarely quantified and the feasibility of manipulating reservoir water levels to control mosquito breeding has not been previously investigated in Africa. This report describes entomological and epidemiological studies conducted around the Koka Dam and Reservoir in Ethiopia. The research findings confirm the role of the reservoir in increasing malaria transmission and provide evidence that there is potential to use dam operation in integrated malaria control strategies.
4 Giordano, Mark; Lautze, Jonathan. 2009. Managing transboundary waters in extreme environments: the role of international actors in Africa. In Lipchin, C.; Sandler, D.; Cushman, E. (Eds.). The Jordan River and Dead Sea Basin: cooperation amid conflict. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. pp.113-138. (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series - C: Environmental Security)
Water law ; Equity ; Water Governance ; International waters ; International agreements ; History ; River basin management ; Water resource management ; Water allocation / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Lesotho / South Africa / Namibia / Botswana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9162 G698 LIP Record No: H042372)
(1.25 MB)
Africa is a continent of extreme water resource environments with arguably the greatest spatial and temporal natural water supply variability in the world. Africa is also a land of transboundary waters. With the exception of island states, every African country has territory in at least one transboundary river basin. These basins cover 62% of Africa’s total land area, and virtually every one greater than 50,000 km2 crosses at least one national boundary. The management of these transboundary waters in conditions of such variability has been made even more complex by the unique political and economic history of the continent, in particular as related to the involvement of outside actors. In the first half of the 20th century this involvement was related to colonialism. From the second half to the present, it has involved bi-lateral and international donors, lenders and international NGOs. In this paper, we examine the impacts of this influence by first reviewing the development of transboundary water law in Africa. We then examine how the global norms now mentioned in African law, in particular equity in water allocation, have actually influenced agreement content. Finally, we examine the extent to which influences wielded by international actors are a logical response to conditions in Africa’s international basins. The results highlight the tangible influences of international actors on the orientation and content of basin level agreements and suggest the use of greater discretion in the application of international paradigms to water management agreements in extreme environments.
5 Lautze, Jonathan; Giordano, Mark; Kloos, H. 2010. Water resources development and management in Sub-Saharan Africa: overview and global context. In Kloos, H.; Legesse, W. (Eds.). Water resources management in Ethiopia: implications for the Nile Basin. Amherst, NY, USA: Cambria Press. pp.1-29.
Water resources development ; Water resource management ; Dam construction / Africa / Africa South of Sahara
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G136 KLO Record No: H043017)
6 Molden, David; Lautze, Jonathan; Shah, Tushaar; Bin, D.; Giordano, Mark; Sanford, Luke. 2010. Governing to grow enough food without enough water—second best solutions show the way. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 26(2):249-263. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07900621003655643]
Water governance ; River basin management ; Water scarcity ; Food security ; Irrigation management ; Groundwater management ; Cost recovery
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043098)
(0.24 MB)
As economies develop and societies change, emerging sets of challenges are placed on water resources and its governance. Population growth and economic development tend to drive the demand for more water, and push river basins into situations of scarcity. Agriculture, globally the largest user of water, is a major driver of water scarcity, and also the sector that has to bear the consequences of scarcity. Yet governance arrangements the world over have difficulty coming to grips with the management of agricultural water within the larger water resource context. The four major agricultural water governance challenges are: to manage transitions from abundance to scarcity; to deal with the large informal sectors of the agricultural water economy; to adapt to the changing objectives of society; and within each of these challenges, to craft contextspecific solutions. This paper presents examples of these challenges and uses them to derive a conceptual framework to help us understand present agricultural water-use contexts, and to develop context specific solutions. The framework is based on two important and shifting contextual dimensions: the degree of scarcity within a basin, and the degree of formality in water use. Looking at agricultural water governance within this framework shows that some standard prescriptions for water problems may not always be appropriate and that ‘second best’ solutions can in fact be the best way forward. The challenge for governance is to facilitate the development of these solutions.
7 Gerlak, A. K.; Lautze, Jonathan; Giordano, Mark. 2011. Water resources data and information exchange in transboundary water treaties. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 11(2):179-199. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-010-9144-4]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043775)
(0.27 MB)
Despite international calls for data and information sharing in transboundary waters and basin-specific evidence of its importance to cooperative management, no systematic research has been undertaken to answer questions of where, how frequently, and which water resources data and information are exchanged. This paper examines all available transboundary water agreements signed between 1900 and 2007 to determine the degree to which water resources data and information is exchanged in the world’s regions, how the level of exchange has developed over time, and the different ways in which data and information sharing has been codified in practice. In doing so, we reveal important trends regarding the mechanisms, types, and frequencies of water resources data and information sharing—as well as differences across temporal and spatial scales, by treaty type and function, and regime type. The results indicate that data and information exchange as already practiced is more nuanced and, in some senses, widespread than may commonly be recognized. Further, the results reveal key linkages between democracy and data and information exchange and provide a basis to test analogous linkages related to data sharing and other variables in transboundary water settings.
8 Lautze, Jonathan; de Silva, Sanjiv; Giordano, Mark; Sanford, Luke. 2011. Putting the cart before the horse: water governance and IWRM. Natural Resources Forum, 35(1):1-8. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2010.01339.x]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI PER Record No: H043958)
(0.07 MB)
Water governance has emerged as perhaps the most important topic of the international water community in the 21st century, and achieving “good” water governance is now a focus of both policy discourse and innumerable development projects. Somewhat surprisingly in light of this attention, there is widespread confusion about the meaning of the term “water governance”. This paper reviews the history of the term’s use and misuse to reveal how the concept is frequently inflated to include issues that go well beyond governance. Further, it highlights how calls to improve water governance often espouse predetermined goals that should instead be the very function of water governance to define. To help overcome this confusion, the paper suggests a more refined definition of water governance and related qualities of good water governance that are consistent with broader notions of the concepts. In light of the substantial resources allocated in its name, this paper’s findings show there is significant potential to strengthen efforts at improving water governance.
9 Reis, J.; Culver, T. B.; McCartney, Matthew; Lautze, Jonathan; Kibret, S. 2011. Water resources implications of integrating malaria control into the operation of an Ethiopian dam. Water Resources Research, 47(W09530):10p. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR01016]
Water resources ; Waterborne diseases ; Malaria ; Dams ; Reservoirs ; Simulation models ; Water power ; Energy generation ; Electricity generation ; Environmental flows ; Downstream ; Flooding ; Flood control ; Irrigation / Ethiopia / Awash River Basin / Koka Reservoir
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044345)
(0.70 MB)
This paper investigates the water resources implications of using a method of hydrological control to reduce malaria around the Koka reservoir in central Ethiopia. This method is based on recent ndings that malaria is transmitted from the shoreline of the Koka reservoir, and on a similar method that was used to control malaria some 80 yr ago in the United States. To assess the feasibility of implementing hydrological control at Koka, we considered the potential impact of the modi ed management regime on the bene ts derived from current uses of the reservoir water (i.e., hydropower, irrigation, ood control, water supply, and downstream environmental ows). We used the HEC-ResSim model to simulate lowering the reservoir by a rate designed to disrupt larval development, which is expected to reduce the abundance of adult mosquito vectors and therefore reduce malaria transmission during the season in which transmission of the disease peaks. A comparison was made of major reservoir uses with and without the malaria control measure. In the 26-yr simulation, application of the malaria control measure increased total average annual electricity generation from 87.6 GWh x y -1 to 92.2 GWh x y -1 (i.e., a 5.3% increase) but resulted in a small decline in rm power generation (i.e., guaranteed at 99.5% reliability) from 4.16 MW to 4.15 MW (i.e., a 0.2% decrease). Application of the malaria control measure did not impact the ability of the reservoir to meet downstream irrigation demand and reduced the number of days of downstream ooding from 28 to 24 d. These results indicate that targeted use of hydrological control for malaria vector management could be undertaken without sacri cing the key bene ts of reservoir operation.
10 McCartney, Matthew P.; Reis, J.; Kibret, S.; Lautze, Jonathan; Culver, T. 2011. Manipulating dam operation for malaria control: an investigation of the Koka dam, Ethiopia. Paper presented at the HYDRO 2011 Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 17-19 October 2011. 8p.
Dam construction ; Reservoirs ; Waterborne diseases ; Malaria ; Anopheles ; Water levels / Africa / Ethiopia / Koka dam
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044456)
11 Wegerich, Kai; Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Lautze, Jonathan; Platonov, Alexander; Yakubov, Murat. 2012. From monocentric ideal to polycentric pragmatism in the Syr Darya: searching for second best approaches. International Journal of Sustainable Society, 4(1-2):113-130. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSOC.2012.044669]
Water management ; River basin management ; Reservoirs ; Hydrology ; Institutions ; Water allocation ; Water use ; International waters ; Agricultural production / Central Asia / Kyrgyzstan / Uzbekistan / Tajikistan / Kazakhstan / Syr Darya River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044659)
(1.32 MB)
While best practice in water management typically calls for the use of a basin-level approach, specific guidance in the absence of basin-level management is fairly scant. This paper reviews the experience of the Syr Darya basin to identify insights related to second best practices for water management at scales below the basin level. This paper first presents the causes for the disintegration of river basin management within the Syr Darya, which include both changes in operation of the Toktogul reservoir and rising water demands due to shifts in agricultural production and land ownership. Focus is then devoted specifically to small transboundary tributaries, where bottom-up cooperation has continued or reemerged in recent times. This paper concludes by highlighting the limitations to singular focus on sub-basins and tributaries, suggesting a balance between more intense cooperation and water control on tributaries and a loose overarching framework at the basin level.
12 da Silva, A.; Drechsel, Pay; Keraita, Bernard; Lautze, Jonathan; Stander, E. 2011. Global experiences in water reuse: summary and recommendations for the USEPA 2012 water reuse guidelines. Paper presented at the 84th Water Environment Federation's Annual Conference (WEFTEC), Los Angeles, USA, 15-19 October 2011. 18p.
Water reuse ; Guidelines ; Standards ; Water scarcity ; Case studies ; Wastewater treatment ; Wastewater irrigation ; Public health / USA / Ghana
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044088)
The international chapter of the 2012 EPA Water Reuse Guidelines is currently under development. This chapter aims to identify tools and approaches used in the international context that can strengthen water reuse in the US. The main objective is to review international experiences in order to gain insights on existing and best practices for governments, international development agencies, practitioners, and development partners interested in the challenges and opportunities within water reuse. Unlike earlier versions, the updated chapter aims to more fully discuss the full spectrum of applications in a range of resource contexts and highlight successes, challenges, and lessons learned in practical applications across a range of resource settings through a collection of case studies. The focus is on local and regional best practices and considerations for ensuring that water reuse occurs in a safe and sustainable manner. This applies to planned reuse schemes, with an emphasis on engineering practices for wastewater treatment, as well as unplanned systems, with an exploration of so-called post- or non-treatment options for reducing health risks. Factors that enable safe and sustainable reuse for both planned schemes and unplanned systems, such as institutional strengthening, financial planning, stakeholder processes, and public acceptance campaigns, will be discussed along with a framework for transitioning from unplanned to planned reuse.
13 Lautze, Jonathan; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2012. Water security: old concepts, new package, what value?. Natural Resources Forum, 36(2):76-87. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.2012.01448.x]
Water management ; Water security ; Indicators ; Basic needs ; Agricultural production ; Environment ; Risk management / Asia-Pacific Region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044909)
(1.84 MB)
“Water security” has come to infiltrate prominent discourse in the international water and development community, and achieving it is often viewed as a new water sector target. Despite the levated status that the concept has increasingly acquired, understandings of the term are murky and quantification is rare. To promote a more tangible understanding of the concept, this paper develops an index for evaluating water security at a country level. The index is comprised of indicators in five components considered to be critical to the concept: (i) basic needs; (ii) agricultural production; (iii) the environment; (iv) risk management; and (v) independence. Achieving water security in these components can be considered necessary but insufficient criteria to measure the achievement of security in related areas such as health, livelihoods, and industry. After populating indicators with data from Asia-Pacific countries, results are interpreted and the viability of methods is discussed. This effort comprises an important first step for quantifying and assessing water security across countries, which should spur more concrete understanding of the term and discussion of its added value.
14 Kibret, Solomon; Lautze, Jonathan; Boelee, Eline; McCartney, Matthew. 2012. How does an Ethiopian dam increase malaria?: entomological determinants around the Koka Reservoir. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 17(11):1320-1328. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03077.x]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045057)
(0.21 MB)
Objectives: To identify entomological determinants of increased malaria transmission in the vicinity of the Koka reservoir in Central Ethiopia.Methods: Larval and adult mosquitoes were collected between August 2006 and December 2007 in villages close to (<1 km) and farther away from (>6 km) the Koka reservoir. Adult mosquitoes were tested for the source of blood meal and sporozoites.Results: In reservoir villages, shoreline puddles and seepage at the base of the dam were the most productive Anopheles-breeding habitats. In villages farther from the dam (control villages), rain pools were important breeding habitats. About five times more mature anopheline larvae and six times more adult anophelines were found in the villages near the reservoir. Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles pharoensis were the most abundant species in the reservoir villages throughout the study period. The majority of adult and larval anophelines were collected during the peak malaria transmission season (September–October). Blood meal tests suggested that A. arabiensis fed on humans more commonly (74.6%) than A. pharoensis (62.3%). Plasmodium falciparum-infected A. arabiensis (0.97–1.32%) and A. pharoensis (0.47–0.70%) were present in the reservoir villages. No P. falciparum-infected anophelines were present in the control villages.Conclusions: The Koka reservoir contributes to increased numbers of productive Anopheles-breeding sites. This is the likely the cause for the greater abundance of malaria vectors and higher number of malaria cases evidenced in the reservoir villages. Complementing current malaria control strategies with source reduction interventions should be considered to reduce malaria in the vicinity of the reservoir.
15 Lautze, Jonathan; Wegerich, Kai; Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Yakubov, Murat. 2013. International river basin organizations: variation, options and insights. Water International, 38(1):30-42. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2013.747418]
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H045509)
(0.34 MB)
Permanent international river basin organizations (IRBOs) come in many shapes and sizes, ranging from mainly facilitative in nature to those empowered to act on their own. Although differences in IRBO types may have important impacts on transboundary water resources management, systematic analysis of variation in their structure and responsibilities is scant. This paper synthesizes and applies a typology to determine the structural composition, abundance, spatial distribution, scale and in-basin configurations of the different forms of IRBOs. The results provide a set of options for future IRBOs, and serve to ground-truth and nuance theoretical divisions between different types of organizations in transboundary basins.
16 Lautze, Jonathan. (Ed.) 2014. Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. New York, NY, USA: Routledge - Earthscan. 152p. (Earthscan Water Text)
Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water security ; Water productivity ; Virtual water ; Water conservation ; Risk management ; Irrigation efficiency ; Agricultural production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU Record No: H046514)
(0.29 MB)
17 Lautze, Jonathan. 2014. Introduction. In Lautze, Jonathan (Ed.). Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. New York, NY, USA: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.1-6. (Earthscan Water Text)
Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water security ; Water productivity ; Virtual water
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU, e-copy SF Record No: H046515)
18 Lautze, Jonathan. (Ed.) 2014. Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. New York, NY, USA: Routledge - Earthscan. 152p. (Earthscan Water Text)
Water resources ; Water management ; Water scarcity ; Water governance ; Water security ; Water productivity ; Virtual water ; Water conservation ; Risk management ; Irrigation efficiency ; Agricultural production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU c2 Record No: H046524)
(0.29 MB)
19 Lautze, Jonathan; Hanjra, Munir A. 2014. Water scarcity. In Lautze, Jonathan (Ed.). Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.7-24. (Earthscan Water Text)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU, e-copy SF Record No: H046516)
20 Lautze, Jonathan; de Silva, Sanjiv; Giordano, M.; Sanford, L. 2014. Water governance. In Lautze, Jonathan (Ed.). Key concepts in water resource management: a review and critical evaluation. Oxon, UK: Routledge - Earthscan. pp.25-38. (Earthscan Water Text)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LAU, e-copy SF Record No: H046517)
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