Your search found 21 records
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.2 G778 ISK Record No: H040585)
Water conservation is essential to prevent salinity and land degradation in Central Asia. Therefore, field-testing and evaluation of water conservation methods, i.e. laser land leveling in new farming systems of Central Asia is important task. This in mind the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and its regional partner on IWRM FV (IWRM FV project – Integrated Water Resources Management in Ferghana Valley project is funded by Swiss Development Cooperation (SDC) and conducted jointly with IWMI and Scientific Information Center of Interstate Coordination Water Commission (SIC ICWC) in the Ferghana Valley of Central Asia) project SIC ICWC have conducted 3 year study of impacts of the Laser leveled land leveling on water use, productivity and crop yields in northern Tajikistan. The major research question was laser land leveling an effective water saving tool in the new context of land use and ownership on smaller private plots. Can farmers afford the costs of laser land leveling and how economically viable is it? These research questions were studied in 5 ha laser leveled and neighboring non-leveled (control) fields for 2004–2006. The results showed that laser land leveling can reduce the water application rate in 2004 by 593 M3/ha, in 2005 by 1509 M3/ha and in 2006 by 333 M3/ha in comparison with the unleveled field, located in the similar agro-ecological conditions. The deep percolation was 8% lower and run off 24% less than in non-leveled field. The average annual net income from the laser field was 22% higher than that from the control field. The gross margin from the laser-leveled field were 16. 88 and 171% higher compared to that from the control field for 2004, 2005 and 2006, and on average was 92% higher. In spite of these positive results, there are hindrances on wide application of laser land leveling in Tajikistan. These are absence of initial capital of farmers and scattered land location.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G774 KAZ Record No: H040650)
(0.75 MB)
Continuous institutional changes in the rural sector in Central Asia have negatively affected the reforms and the development of other related sectors, e.g. the irrigation sector. Therefore, reforms in the irrigation sector have been carried out in an ever changing and uncertain environment. Institutional changes have so far been aimed the farm level that was formerly managed by collective and state farms. Replacement of relatively few collective farms by thousands of individual farming units has resulted in chaos and anarchy in water management at on farm level. Water Users Associations (WUAs) were introduced in Kyrgyzstan to better organize farm level water management. The key questions concerning WUAs in Kyrgyzstan at present are: Do they provide better service for farmers in delivering water? Do irrigation services result in good crop yields? Are they financially viable? In order to answer these questions, the irrigation performance of four WUAs located within one main canal area in Osh province of Kyrgyzstan were assessed for the period 2003-2005. The analysis indicates that in spite of intense international support, WUAs in the study area were performing relatively poorly on irrigation service provision. However, there are signs of improvement, such as increasing water productivity, reduced water use and improved financial sustainability. The Kyrgyz experience on transformation of on-farm level water management from collective farms to WUAs can provide good examples for neighboring countries, e.g. Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, where agricultural restructuring has only started recently.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 631.7.3 G782 ABD Record No: H040699)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041661)
After the independence of Central Asian countries, many international projects have been launched to promote water users’ inclusion into the water management at different levels. The aim of such projects is to achieve sustainable water management through inclusion of interests of different groups on day-to-day water management. Although IWRM in Central Asia has been already promoted for a decade, there are only a few examples of the implementation in real life situations. The Integrated Water Resources Management in Ferghana Valley (IWRM FV) is a pilot project on implementing integrated water resources management elements at the main canal levels and below. The experience gained from IWRM FV project and lessons learnt could be useful for the national and international organizations for their future work on IWRM implementation at the different regions of Central Asia. IWRM FV project has been active since 2001 in the Ferghana Valley, one of the largest irrigated areas of Central Asia. The project has promoted and implemented participatory irrigation management for three pilot canals. This paper presents the process of implementation and some preliminary outcomes of the IWRM VF project.
5 Manthrithilake, Herath; Jumaboev, Kahramon; Yakubov, Murat. 2008. Water flume meters (WFM) for Water Users Association Project. Draft final project report, 15. 11. 2007 - 31. 10. 2008, coordinated with Scientific Information Centre (SIC) and submitted to Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) 60p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041911)
(10.04 MB)
6 Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Manthrithilake, Herath; Jumaboev, Kahramon. 2008. Assurance of IWRM functionality through establishing effective water user groups. In Russian. In Dukhovny, V.; Sokolov, V.; Manthrithilake, H. (Eds.). Integrated water resources management, from theory to real practicality: experience of Central Asia. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center, Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC) pp.123-128.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041934)
(0.53 MB)
7 Manthrithilake, Herath; Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Jumaboev, Kahramon. 2008. Social mobilization is the key for successful IWRM reforms. In Russian. In Dukhovny, V.; Sokolov, V.; Manthrithilake, H. (Eds.). Integrated water resources management, from theory to real practicality: experience of Central Asia. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center, Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SIC ICWC) pp.158-166.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041933)
(0.53 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042127)
(0.39 MB)
The primary objective of an irrigation organization is to provide efficient and effective management of water resources to achieve enhanced agricultural production. Performance assessment studies provide a tool to evaluate and promote this objective. The study examines the existing planning procedures and assesses irrigation performance of four Water User Associations (WUAs) located in Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan. Performance was evaluated using indicators of adequacy, efficiency, ependability and equity. Indicators were calculated for each irrigation season over the period 2003 to 2007. In general, all WUAs were found to be strong in terms of adequacy and efficiency standards. However, performance with respect to dependability and equity was poor. The results suggest that more effort is needed to improve temporal uniformity and equity in water distribution. In order to achieve this, estimations of irrigation requirements by WUAmanagers needs to be improved and mechanisms eveloped to request water in quantities, which are needed to maintain equity across theWUAoutlets and among water users. The study concludes that the establishment of WUAs in Kyrgyzstan has helped to address the problem of water distribution and allocation among a large number of farmers. However, further training of farmers and managers is required to build their capacity to share water and ensure equity among users particularly during periods of less than optimal water supply. The findings of this research suggest that application of a pre-determined set of indicators can be a useful and cost effective tool to measure the performance of WUAs. This is particularly important for Central Asia where the performance of the recently established and state initiated WUAs to replace former collective farms is now a key element in future sustainable water management. The study identified uncertainties in the estimation of WUA water demands based on previousmethods and suggestsmore attention and care required in calculating water requirements.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042130)
The Ferghana Valley Project, initiated in 2001, has promoted institutional change in the post-Soviet irrigation sector in this part of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. This paper presents the short-term (5-year) impacts of integrated water resources management project activities focused on water user participation in the South Ferghana Canal of Ferghana Province in Uzbekistan on irrigation water delivery and crop productivity. Irrigation performance assessment indicators indicate only slight improvements in water delivery and crop yields. Although water was important, larger changes in the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan dominated outcomes in this relatively short time span.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042270)
(0.39 MB)
This paper examines the recent emerging informal Water Users Groups (WUGs) on the Ferghana Valley for managing of the water at the former collective farm level and potential for strengthening of the weak Water Users Associations (WUAs) through replication of WUGs formation. Due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, Central Asian states have introduced reforms in different sectors including the water resources sectors. As a part of the water resources management reforms, Water Users Associations (WUAs) formation has implemented to manage water resources infrastructure and water distribution. WUGs have been emerging because WUAs have not been very efficient and effective due to their top-down implementation approach. In future, WUGs are very effective institutional mechanism of water resources management, and a useful support instrument to WUAs.
11 Jumaboev, Kahramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; William, B.; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2009. An approach to water user associations in Tajikistan (Draft). [Final project report on the national WUA concept, prepared by IWMI, Tashkent, Uzbekistan at the request of WUA Support Unit of the Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources of Tajikistan and the FAO Office in Tajikistan]. 16p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042571)
(0.22 MB)
12 Anarbekov, Oyture; Jumaboev, Kahramon; Wichelns, Dennis. 2010. Two-part tariff - irrigation pricing alternative for water user associations in Central Asia. [Abstract only] In Regional Research Network "Water in Central Asia" (CAWa). International Scientific Symposium, Water in Central Asia, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 24-26 November 2010. Volume of abstracts. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Regional Research Network "Water in Central Asia" (CAWa) pp.20.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043467)
(0.04 MB)
13 Jumaboev, Kahramon; Eshmuratov, Davron; Anarbekov, Oyture. 2010. Opportunities for improved water productivity on-farm level in the selected farms along South Ferghana Canal. [Abstract only] In Regional Research Network, Water in Central Asia (CAWa). International Scientific Symposium, Water in Central Asia, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 24-26 November 2010. Volume of abstracts. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Regional Research Network, Water in Central Asia (CAWa) pp.32.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043468)
(0.03 MB)
14 Wichelns, Dennis; Anarbekov, Oyture; Jumaboev, Kahramon; Manthrithilake, Herath. 2010. Irrigation pricing alternatives for water user associations in Central Asia. In Proceedings of the Republican Scientific Practical Conference on Efficient Agricultural Water Use and Tropical Issues in Land Reclamation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 10-11 November 2010. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SANIIRI) 14p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Record No: H043489)
(0.12 MB)
15 Jumaboev, Kahramon; Eshmuratov, Davron; Reddy, Junna Mohan; Anarbekov, Oyture; Kazbekov, Jusipbek. 2010. Prediction of improved water productivity on-farm level in the selected cotton farms of Fergana and Andijan Provinces of Uzbekistan. In Proceedings of the Republican Scientific Practical Conference on Efficient Agricultural Water Use and Tropical Issues in Land Reclamation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 10-11 November 2010. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SANIIRI) pp.12-16.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043490)
(0.11 MB)
Irrigated agriculture in Central Asia can only be developed through increase of crop yields and reduction of water volumes applied per unit of agricultural production. Thus to improve agricultural production, proper agronomic measures and irrigation schedules have to be developed considering local conditions. To assess existing water productivity, 9 farms have been selected along South Fergana Canal. A Soil-Water-Air-Plant (SWAP) model has been applied for the same fields to predict potential water productivity.
16 Kazbekov, Jusipbek; Manthrithilake, Herath; Mirzaev, N.; Wegerich, Kai; Jumaboev, Kahramon; Anarbekov, Oyture. 2010. Participatory water governance: lessons from the Ferghana Valley. In Proceedings of the Republican Scientific Practical Conference on Efficient Agricultural Water Use and Tropical Issues in Land Reclamation, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 10-11 November 2010. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: International Water Management Institute; Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Scientific Information Center of Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (SANIIRI). pp.36-43.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H043556)
(1.13 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045270)
(1.16 MB) (1.16MB)
Cotton water productivity was studied in Fer- gana Valley of Central Asia during the years of 2009, 2010 and 2011. Data was collected from 18 demonstration fields (13 in Uzbekistan, 5 in Taji- kistan). The demonstration field farmers imple- mented several improved agronomic and irriga- tion water management practices. The average values of crop yield, estimated crop consump- tive use (ETa) and total water applied (TWA) for the demonstration sites were, respectively, 3700 kg/ha, 6360 m3/ha, and 8120 m3/ha. The range of values for TWA and ETa were, respectively, 5000 m3/ha to 12,000 m3/ha and 4500 m3/ha to 8000 m3/ha. A quadratic relationship was found be- tween TWA and ETa. The average yield of the adjacent fields was 3300 kg/ha, whereas the av- erage yield of cotton in Fergana Valley as a whole was 2900 kg/ha, indicating 28% and 14% increase in crop yield, respectively, from, dem- onstration fields and adjacent fields. There was no significant difference in crop yields between the wet years (2009 and 2010) and the dry year (2011), which is explained by the quadratic rela- tionship between TWA and ETa. The water pro- ductivity values ranged from 0.35 kg/m3 to 0.89 kg/m3, indicating a significant potential for im- proving water productivity through agronomic and irrigation management interventions. The ratio of average ETa divided by average TWA gave an average application efficiency of 78% (some fields under-irrigated and some fields over-irrigated), the remaining 22% of water ap- plied leaving the field. Since more than 60% of the water used for irrigation in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan is pumped from, even if all this 22% of water returns to the stream, substantial en- ergy savings would accrue from improving the average application efficiency at field level. The range of values for TWA indicates the inequity in water distribution/accessibility. Addressing this inequity would also increase water productivity at field and project level.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: PER Record No: H045581)
(1.31 MB)
The performance of furrow irrigation systems in terms of application efficiency, runoff ratio, and water requirement efficiency were evaluated at nine different sites within the Provinces of Fergana (6 sites) and Andijon (3 sites) in Uzbekistan. A total of 46 irrigation events were evaluated during the year 2009, whereas only a total of 8 irrigation events (at 3 sites) were evaluated during the year 2010. Most of the selected fields have slopes greater than 0.005; hence, the average runoff volume from these fields was 39% of the total volume of water applied to the fields, indicating problems with selection of appropriate furrow flow rates under the given set of field conditions. For several fields, the seasonal volume of water applied was significantly different than the irrigation norms specified for the site. Though some of the farmers followed the irrigation advisory service on when to irrigate, there was a large mismatch between the volume of water applied and the volume of water deficit within the crop root zone. Reliability, in terms of magnitude and duration of flow rate received at the fields, was a major issue at all the sites. Considerable fluctuations were observed in the flow rates received at all the field sites during each irrigation event. In addition, the average flow rate received at the field sites varied considerably between irrigation events making it difficult for farmers to manage irrigation water. Farmers that had high watertable (less than 100 cm from the ground surface) still applied large volumes of water, resulting in low application efficiency. Several recommendations for improving the performance of furrow irrigation systems in Uzbekistan are provided.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H045623)
(1.46 MB) (1.46MB)
A ‘farmer-centric’ innovative institutional mechanism, a public-private partnership, was created and strengthened, in the Fergana valley of Central Asia, for facilitating communication between farmers and researchers, and to disseminate knowledge on improved agronomic and irrigation management practices to improve water productivity at field level. As a result, yields of cotton from the twenty five demonstration sites in the three countries of Fergana valley - Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – were, on the average, 28% higher than the average yield of cotton in the valley, suggesting that the proposed institutional mechanism was very effective in dissemination of information to farmers. Yields from neighboring farmers of demonstration fields were 14% higher than the average yields. In addition, demonstration site farmers used, on the average, 20% less water than the non-project farmers. Two independent external reviewers stated that this innovative public-private mechanism was very effective in disseminating information on improving water productivity at plot level to farmers, and suggested that the focus in the future should be on devising effective policy and economic instruments for financial sustainability of the innovation cycle after the donor support is withdrawn.
20 Jumaboev, Kahramon; Anarbekov, Oyture; Reddy, Junna Mohan; Mukhammedjanov, S.; Eshmuratov, Davron. 2015. Irrigation extension development for improving water productivity in Fergana Valley of Central Asia. In Salokhiddinov, A.; Hamidov, A.; Kasymov, U. (Eds.). Improving the efficiency of common pool resources management in transition: case study of irrigation water and pasture. Berlin, Germany: Humboldt University of Berlin. Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences. Division of Resource Economics; [Paper presented at the Academic Workshop for Young Researchers on Improving the Efficiency of Common Pool Resources Management in Transition: Case study of Irrigation Water and Pasture, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 20 May 2015]. pp.9-14. (InDeCA [Designing Social Institutions in Transition: Promotion of Institutional Development for Common Pool Resources Management in Central Asia] Discussion Paper Series 6/2015)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047351)
(0.28 MB)
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