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1 Mai, V. T.; Van Keulen, H.; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Hessel, R. 2008. Spatial simulation of nitrogen leaching from intensive agriculture in northern Vietnam. In Proceedings of International Symposium on GeoInformatics for Spatial-Infrastructure Development in Earth and Allied Sciences (GIS-IDEAS), Hanoi, Vietnam, 4-6 December 2008. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen UR Publication. pp.383-388.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041856)
(0.21 MB)
2 Cofie, Olufunke; Adamtey, Noah. 2009. Nutrient recovery from human excreta for urban and peri-urban agriculture. Paper contributed to the SuSanA Food Security Working Group Meeting during the WEDC International Conference held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 15 April 2009. 12p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042722)
(0.09 MB)
3 Cofie, Olufunke; Amoah, Philip; Irene, E.; Adamtey, Noah; Fredrick, T.-L. 2011. Demonstration on the use of urine in urban agriculture. [Report of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project]. Delft, Netherlands: Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow’s City’s Health (SWITCH) Project; Accra, Ghana: International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Brussels, Belgium: European Union Research Framework Programme. 103p.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H044301)
(3.65 MB) (3.65MB)
This report is an output of the Sustainable Urban Water Management Improves Tomorrow s City s Health (SWITCH) demonstration project, which took place in Accra, Ghana. Accra is one of the ten (10) demonstration cities under the SWITCH project. The main objective of the demo project was to demonstrate (as pilot) the potential of using urine for crop production in Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA) and provide recommendations for scaling up.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048132)
(1.39 MB)
The study was to assess the: (i) effect of human urine and other organic inputs on cabbage growth, yield, nutrient uptake, N-use efficiency, and soil chemical characteristics; (ii) economic returns of the use of urine and/or other organic inputs as a source of fertiliser for cabbage production. To meet these objectives, participatory field trials were conducted at Dzorwulu, Accra. Four different treatments (Urine alone, Urine + dewatered faecal sludge (DFS), Urine + poultry droppings (PD), NPK (15-15-15) + PD) were applied in a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with soil alone as control. Each treatment was applied at a rate of 121 kg·N·ha-1 corresponding to the Nitrogen requirement of cabbage in Ghana. Growth and yield parameters, plant nutrient uptake, and soil chemical characteristics were determined using standard protocols. There were no significant differences between treatments for cabbage head weight, or total and marketable yields. However, unmarketable yield from NPK + PD was 1 to 2 times higher (p < 0.05) than those from Urine + PD, Urine + DFS, and Urine alone. Seasonal effect on yields was also pronounced with higher (p < 0.001) cabbage head weight (0.95 kg) and marketable yields (12.7 kg·ha-1) in the dry season than the rainy season (0.42 kg and 6.27 kg·ha-1). There was higher (p < 0.005) phosphorous uptake in cabbage from Urine + PD treated soil than those from other treatments. Nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) uptake in the dry season was significantly higher than the rainy season. Soils treated with Urine + DFS and Urine + PD were high in total N content. Urine + PD and Urine + DFS treated soils gave fairly high yield than PD + NPK with a net gain of US$1452.0 and US$1663.5, respectively. The application of urine in combination with poultry droppings has the potential to improve cabbage yields, nutrient uptake, and soil nitrogen and phosphorous content.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H053003)
(1.33 MB) (1.33 MB)
Vendors in traditional urban food markets in West Africa offer locally produced vegetables. These may be unsafe, carrying pathogens and posing potential risks to consumers’ health; or safe, being free from pathogens. Safe produce is rarely differentiated from unsafe produce through certification or price differentiation. Consequently, there is no market data on consumers’ actual payments for certified safe vegetables. Therefore, we aimed to find out whether there is a demand for certified safe vegetables and whether such safety certification is profitable for small-scale farmers. Previous studies have used experiments to elicit price premia consumers’ state to be willing to pay. In contrast, we offered pathogen-free cabbage certified as safe on traditional food markets in Tamale, Ghana, and observed what consumers actually paid. We noted consumer’s actual purchases, who – at the same market stalls – chose between ordinary cabbage of unknown safety status and certified safe cabbage, which carried a price premium to be paid in addition to the price of ordinary cabbage. Our results show that 176 consumers purchased certified safe cabbage and 123 bought ordinary cabbage during the test sales. Consumers’ probability to buy certified safe cabbage is explained by the size of the price premium charged, households’ characteristics and perceptions of local production modes. Estimating customers’ demand function for certified safe cabbage revealed that a pioneer farmer should charge a monopolistic price premium of GHS 1.48 (+46 % on top of the average price for ordinary cabbage valid during the test sales) to maximise the profits from introducing certified safe cabbage into the market. We find that the most promising certification option is for groups of geographically concentrated farmers to jointly apply for safe vegetable certification.
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