Your search found 12 records
1 Boesen, J. 1994. Local level participation in land and water resources management in Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania. In Lundqvist, J.; Jonch-Clausen, T. (Eds.), Putting Dublin/Agenda 21 into practice: Lessons and new approaches in water and land management: Special Session at 8th IWRA World Congress, Cairo, Egypt, November 21-25, 1994. Link"ping, Sweden: Link"ping University. Department of Water and Environmental Studies. pp.17-31.
Water resource management ; River basins ; Water law ; Legislation ; Water rights ; Water allocation / Tanzania / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 LUN Record No: H010034)
2 Yawson, D. K.; Kashaigili, J. J.; Kachroo, R. K.; Mtalo, F. W. 2003. Modelling the Mtera-Kidatu Reservoir System to improve integrated water resources management. Hydro Africa, 16p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 627.8 G148 YAW Record No: H034169)
http://www.research4development.info/PDF/Outputs/Water/R8064-HydroAfrica-Yawson_et_al.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34169.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34169.pdf
3 Yawson, D. K.; Kachroo, R. K.; Kashaigili, J. J. 2003. Failure of the Mtera-Kidatu Reservoir System in the early 1990s. Paper presented at the Ruaha+10 Seminar (1993-2003 Ten Years of the Drying of the Great Ruaha River), Sokoine University, Morogoro, Tanzania, 11-12 December 2003. 12p.
Reservoir operation ; Operating policies ; Simulation models ; Hydroelectric schemes / Tanzania / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: IWMI 627.8 G148 YAW Record No: H034170)
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/PDF/Outputs/Water/R8064-Ruaha10-Failure_Mtera_Kidatu-paper.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34170.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H_34170.pdf
4 Kadigi, R. M.; Kashigili, J. J.; Mdoe, N. S. 2004. The economics of irrigated paddy in Usangu Basin in Tanzania: Water utilization, productivity, income and livelihood implications. Unpublished report. 8p.
Irrigated farming ; River basins ; Rice ; Paddy fields ; Economic analysis ; Poverty ; Farmers / Tanzania / Usangu Basin / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI-SA Call no: P 6764 Record No: H034172)
5 University of Dar-es-Salaam; Natural Resources Institute (NRI); International Water management Institute (IWMI) 2004. Implications of customary laws for implementing integrated water resources management. Project inception report. Report of Project No.R8323 supported by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) 51p.
Water resource management ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Poverty ; Women ; Gender ; Water use ; Irrigation systems / Africa / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / South Africa / Pangani River Basin / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041407)
http://www.nri.org/projects/waterlaw/Documents/Inception_Report.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041407.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H041407.pdf
(875.24 KB)
6 Maganga, F. P.; Kiwasila, H. L.; Juma, I. H.; Butterworth, J. A. 2004. Implications of customary norms and laws for implementing IWRM: findings from Pangani and Rufiji basins, Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 29: 1335-1342.
Water resource management ; River basins ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Conflict ; Irrigation schemes ; Canals ; Case studies / Tanzania / Pangani River Basin / Rufiji River Basin / Kilimanjaro region
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041408)
This paper presents the preliminary findings of a WARFSA-funded study, whose objective is to facilitate the formulation of better policies and guidelines for implementing IWRM through a case study of local water conflicts. It is observed that, although the current water reforms in the country focus on the use of statutory legal systems to regulate the use of water resources, the country operates under a plural legal system. Apart from the statutory laws, diverse customary systems are relied upon in resolving water related conflicts. Neglect of these norms and laws may have negative consequences for the majority of the villagers who rely on them. The paper presents some of the water-related conflicts in the study areas and the views of government authorities and river basin managers regarding customary norms and laws for water resource management. Also, the paper describes how different types of conflicts over water resources are handled through official legal channels.
7 Maganga, F. P. 2003. Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 28: 995–1000.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041409)
The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) paradigm, which underpin current water reforms in Tanzania focus on the use of statutory legal systems to regulate the use of water resources. However, Tanzania operates under a plural legal system, where the diverse customary systems are relied upon in the implementation of IWRM. Very few human activities are regulated by statutory laws alone. Neglect of customary laws may cause IWRM implementation to fail, or will have negative consequences for individuals and groups who were better served by customary-based systems. This paper describes statutory and customary systems of managing water resources and discusses some of the challenges of implementing IWRM whilst taking appropriate account of customary laws in Tanzania, with the Rufiji River Basin as a case study.
8 Juma, I. H.; Maganga, F. P. 2005. Current reforms and their implications for rural water management in Tanzania. In van Koppen, Barbara; Butterworth, J. A.; Juma, I. J. (Eds.). Proceedings of the International Workshop on ‘African water laws: plural legislative frameworks for rural water management in Africa’, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26-28 January 2005. Pretoria, South Africa: International Water Management Institute. pp.3/1-3/11.
Water resource management ; Water law ; Legislation ; Water rights ; Water policy ; Domestic water ; Irrigation water ; Villages ; Case studies ; Water user associations / Tanzania / Pangani Basin / Mkomazi River / Ndung’u Irrigation Project / Landanai Village / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H041410)
Tanzania is at an advanced stage of drafting a new legal framework for water resources management, aimed at attaining the objectives of the National Water Policy of 2002. Three separate pieces of legislation will result from the proposed legal framework to cover water resources management, rural water supply and urban water supply and sewerage. This paper discusses the government’s efforts in trying to fix property regimes and formalizing informal arrangements related to the use of water resources. The paper traces historically the process of formalising customary laws, then presents four case studies that display interactions between traditional water management systems and the modern, formal systems. The paper also contains a discussion of the proposed policy and legal changes focusing on the extent to which the proposed legislative dispensation will protect the existing traditional or customary water rights. It is argued that, despite the early initiatives at providing space for the growth of customary law, the legal system pertaining in Tanzania today is tilted more in favour of formal than informal systems.
9 Mahoo, H. F.; Mkoga, Z. J.; Kasele, S. S.; Igbadur, H. E.; Hatibu, N.; Rao, K. P. C.; Lankford, B. 2007. Productivity of water in agriculture: farmers’ perceptions and practices. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Comprehensive Assessment Secretariat. 31p. (Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture Discussion Paper 5)
River basins ; Catchment areas ; Water productivity ; Farmers ; Stakeholders ; Conflict ; Farming systems ; Villages ; Irrigation methods ; Domestic water ; Households / Africa / Africa South of Sahara / Tanzania / Great Ruaha River / Rufiji River Basin / Mkoji sub-catchment / Ikhoho village / Inyala village / Mahongole village / Mwatenga village / Ukwaheri village / Madundasi village
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042367)
http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files_new/publications/Discussion%20Paper/CADiscussionPaper5.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042367.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H042367.pdf
(0.92 MB) (509.46KB)
Stakeholders in agriculture and water related issues have different perceptions about the productivity of water. This is evident by the different definitions of productivity of water, though most of the definitions hinge around the benefits accrued from water use. The viewpoint of smallholder farmers’ regarding the productivity of water is important in order to promote the concept of productivity of water in a country like Tanzania. This is because 95 percent of the farmers are smallholders. This paper presents the farmers’ understanding of the productivity of water in the Mkoji sub-catchment (MSC) in the Ruaha River Basin in Tanzania. It also presents their practices aimed at increasing the productivity of water in the area. It reveals that the concept of productivity of water has been part of the smallholder farmers in Mkoji. The farmers’ concept of productivity of water is the same as that of other stakeholders, only that it is less formal than as expected by experts. Farmers in the sub-catchment judge productivity of water based on the amount of rainfall and its influence of their yields. Productivity of water is high or low if the average seasonal rainfall is ‘good’ or ‘bad’. They put so much value to water that they go to the extent where they are willing to pay more to acquire a piece of land close to a water source. Furthermore, there is evidence that they engage in fights and ‘steal’ water as a result of the high value they place on water. The farmers have adopted tillage methods, agronomic practices and crop diversification approaches to maximize yield from available water. The paper concludes that these strategies adopted by farmers could be a good starting point for formulating measures to improving productivity of water in the area. Therefore, there is a strong need for an in-depth understanding of farmers’ practices to determine the most effective, economical and sustainable options in increasing productivity of water, and to thereby formulate approaches for adaptation, uptake and upscaling. This paper explores farmers’ perceptions of productivity of water, practices and coping mechanisms for achieving greater water productivity. The perceptions are generated based on farmers’ understanding of water productivity, the value they place on land and water, and the struggle and conflicts resulting from the value they put on water. Furthermore, the paper presents farmers’ strategies to estimate productivity of water, and discusses the impact of the farmers’ practices, coping strategies and limitations associated with the practices. It was concluded from this paper that the theories and figures of productivity of water are less important to farmers, than their approaches to enhance their ability to effectively utilize water and to maximize production.
10 Sokile, C. S.; van Koppen, Barbara. 2004. Local water rights and local water user entities: the unsung heroines of water resource management in Tanzania. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 29(15-18):1349-1356. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2004.09.010]
Water resource management ; Institutions ; Water rights / Tanzania / Great Ruaha River catchment / Rufiji River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042980)
(0.14 MB)
When considering water management, formal institutions tend to overshadow the local informal ones although the latter guide day-to-day interactions on water use. Conversely, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has demonstrated a bias toward the formal state-based institutions for water management. A study was carried out to examine how local water rights and local informal institutional arrangements influence water management in the Great Ruaha River catchment in the Rufiji basin in Tanzania. Participatory appraisals were carried out, supplemented by focus group discussions, interviews, and a stakeholders workshop. It was found that local water rights, local water rotations and local water user groups are widely in use and are more influential than the formal water rights, water fees and water user associations (WUAs). Water allocation at the driest period depends on local informal relations among irrigators. More than 70% of water users surveyed choose to settle disputes over water via informal channels and the latter are more effective in resolving water conflicts and reconciling the antagonists compared to the formal routes. It was also found that although much emphasis and many resources have been expended in transforming local water rights and water related organisations to formal registered ones, the former have remained popular and water users feel more affiliated to local arrangements. The paper concludes that local informal water management can offer the best lessons for the formal management arrangements and should not be simply overlooked. Finally, the paper recommends that the formal and informal institutions should be amalgamated to bring forth a real Integrated Water Resource Management framework.
11 UNEP. 2005. Facing the facts: assessing the vulnerability of Africa's water resources to environmental change. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. 63p. (UNEP/DEWA/RS.05-2)
River basin management ; Environmental effects ; Social aspects ; Aquifers ; Water scarcity ; Water availability ; Climate change / Africa / Zambezi River Basin / Orange River Basin / Lake Victoria Basin / Rufiji River Basin / Senegal River Basin / Niger River Basin / Nile River Basin / Numbian Sandstone Aquifer System
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G100 UNE Record No: H043905)
(0.11 MB)
12 van Koppen, Barbara; Tarimo, A. K. P. R.; van Eeden, A.; Manzungu, E.; Sumuni, P. M. 2016. Winners and losers of IWRM [Integrated Water Resources Management] in Tanzania. Water Alternatives, 9(3):588-607.
Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Water law ; Water rights ; Water policy ; Water use ; Water power ; River basin management ; Taxes ; Rural areas ; Suburban areas ; Smallholders ; Farmers ; Poverty ; State intervention ; Multiple use ; Infrastructure ; Equity ; Economic aspects ; Case studies / Tanzania / Pangani River Basin / Rufiji River Basin / Wami-Ruvu River Basin
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047791)
http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol9/v9issue3/328-a9-3-11/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047791.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047791.pdf
(890 KB)
This paper focuses on the application of the concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Tanzania. It asks: how did IWRM affect the rural and fast-growing majority of smallholder farmers' access to water which contributes directly to poverty alleviation and employment creation in a country where poverty and joblessness are high? Around 1990, there were both a strong government-led infrastructure development agenda and IWRM ingredients in place, including cost-recovery of state services aligning with the Structural Adjustment Programmes, water management according to basin boundaries and the dormant colonial water rights (permits) system. After the 1990s, the World Bank and other donors promoted IWRM with a strong focus on hydroelectric power development, River Basin Water Boards, transformation of the water right system into a taxation tool, and assessment of environmental flows. These practices became formalised in the National Water Policy (2002) and in the Water Resources Management Act (2009). Activities in the name of IWRM came to be closely associated with the post-2008 surge in large-scale land and water deals. Analysing 25 years of IWRM, the paper identifies the processes and identities of the losers (smallholders and – at least partially – the government) and the winners (large-scale water users, including recent investors). We conclude that, overall, IWRM harmed smallholders' access to water and rendered them more vulnerable to poverty and unemployment.
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