Your search found 7 records
1 Birkhead, A. L.; Olbrich, B. W.; James, C. S.; Rogers, K. H. 1997. Developing an integrated approach to predicting the water use of riparian vegetation. Pretoria, South Africa: Water Research Commission. v.p. (WRC Report No.474/1/97)
Rivers ; Hydraulics ; Transpiration ; Vegetation ; Water use ; Models ; Water balance ; Groundwater ; Flow ; Monitoring ; Soil moisture ; Soil water ; Reed grass ; Flumes / South Africa / Sabie River / Kruger National Park
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.9162 G178 BIR Record No: H040402)
2 Saifullah; Ghafoor, A.; Qadir, Manzoor. 2009. Lead phytoextraction by wheat in response to the EDTA application method. Technical note. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 11(3):268-282. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510802432702]
Photosynthesis ; Transpiration ; Heavy metals ; Soil analysis ; Leaching ; Wheat ; Plant growth ; Wastewater irrigation ; Groundwater ; Water pollution / Pakistan / Faisalabad / Kajlianwala village
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H042132)
(0.13 MB)
Lead solubilization in soil and accumulation by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in response to the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) application method. In this study, 4 mmol EDTA kg-1 was applied using two application methods (a single dose and split doses) either alone or in combination with elemental sulfur. Results indicate that the application of EDTA in four equal splits at 1 mmol kg-1 during the growth period resulted in significantly higher shoot dry matter than its application at 4 mmol kg-1 at once 10 d before harvesting the wheat crop at the bolting stage. EDTA applied in split doses resulted in less lead (Pb) solubilization as compared with the single-dose application. The split application also significantly increased the shoot Pb concentration and Pb accumulation by wheat shoots as compared with the single-dose application. Despite its lesser effect on Pb solubilization, the EDTA application in split doses substantially increased Pb accumulation; thus, it is expected to minimize the risk of groundwater contamination.
3 Gash, J. H. C.; Shuttleworth, W. J. (Comps.) 2007. Evaporation: selection, introduction and commentary. Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). 521p. (IAHS Benchmark Papers in Hydrology 2)
Evaporation ; Evapotranspiration ; Measurement ; Lysimetry ; Water balance ; Stream flow ; Soil water movement ; Climate ; Models ; Photosynthesis ; Stomatal conductance ; Forests ; Transpiration ; Soil profiles ; Afforestation ; Vegetation ; Weather
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 551.572 G000 GAS Record No: H043494)
(0.40 MB)
4 Sekyi-Annan, E.; Tischbein, B.; Diekkruger, B.; Khamzina, A. 2018. Performance evaluation of reservoir-based irrigation schemes in the upper east region of Ghana. Agricultural Water Management, 202:134-145. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.02.023]
Irrigation schemes ; Performance evaluation ; Reservoir storage ; Water users ; Water demand ; Crop yield ; Water availability ; Soil moisture ; Seepage loss ; Transpiration / Ghana / Vea Irrigation Scheme / Bongo Irrigation Scheme
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H048699)
(1.63 MB)
The design of relevant adaptation strategies for water users in irrigation schemes in the drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa requires up-to-date information about the current performance of these schemes in view of rapid changes in climate and land use, population growth, and competing water demands. Previous assessments focused primarily on field-level crop irrigation; however, information on the performance of schemes as a whole and considering multiple water users remains scarce. We examined two (one small- and one medium-scale) irrigation schemes shared by multiple users in the Upper East region of Ghana, including the water reservoir, water conveyance and distribution network, cropping fields, and the management entity. Multi-level performance indicators with relevance to water delivery and utilization as well as to agricultural production during two consecutive dry seasons were used. Technical factors, such as underutilized reservoir storage capacity and deteriorated conditions of water delivery infrastructure, strongly undermined the performance. In particular, the medium-scale irrigation scheme utilized less than 40% of total storage, whereas the small-scale scheme utilized about 70% of the storage. An examination of field-level water management practices suggests that an application efficiency of 58–68% is achievable in both schemes by improving the irrigation scheduling of the major crops. Overall system efficiency can be increased from 50% to 68% by reducing water conveyance network losses and by eliminating over-irrigation of fields. A holistic approach considering all competing water demands is needed for the performance evaluation of reservoir-based irrigation schemes in drylands.
5 Tirpak, R. A.; Hathaway, J. M.; Franklin, J. A. 2019. Investigating the hydrologic and water quality performance of trees in bioretention mesocosms. Journal of Hydrology, 576:65-71. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.043]
Rain water management ; Runoff ; Drainage ; Pollutants ; Water quality ; Hydrology ; Street trees ; Transpiration ; Evapotranspiration / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049321)
(0.53 MB)
Cities across the world are increasingly utilizing green infrastructure practices as part of their stormwater management programs. Bioretention areas have become a popular green infrastructure practice due to their widespread success in improving water quality and reducing runoff generated from impervious surfaces. Several studies have demonstrated that pollutant removal performance can be improved when plants are included in bioretention design; however, while numerous benefits of trees in urban areas have been identified, little knowledge of their contributions to stormwater management in green infrastructure currently exists. To address this need, a controlled mesocosm experiment was conducted to characterize the degree of stormwater treatment provided by bioretention columns planted with one of three native tree species commonly found across the eastern United States (Acer rubrum – red maple, Pinus taeda – loblolly pine, and Quercus palustris – pin oak). Tree pollutant removal performance was compared to nonvegetated mesocosms using a semi-synthetic stormwater mixture applied to the mesocosms over a period of 17 weeks. The hydrologic benefits of each species were characterized using data-logging scales placed below the mesocosms to compare evapotranspiration (ET) rates and drainage in each configuration. Differences in pollutant removal between tree species were largely not significant, indicating the dominant role of the bioretention media in mitigating dissolved and particle-bound constituents. Mesocosms planted with red maple (Acer rubrum) had significantly greater average ET rates (3.2 mm d-1) than all other configurations, attributable to plant development and increased growth and canopy size. All mesocosms planted with trees had significantly higher ET rates than the nonvegetated mesocosms, illustrating the role of transpiration in bioretention hydrology which, depending on species, accounted for 8.2–37.5% of average daily water losses from the mesocosms during testing. These results suggest that trees contribute to bioretention hydrology through evapotranspiration, and that significant differences between species exist and are likely related to growth rate.
6 Tfwala, C. M.; van Rensburg, L. D.; Bello, Z. A.; Zietsman, P. C. 2019. Transpiration dynamics and water sources for selected indigenous trees under varying soil water content. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 275:296-304. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.05.030]
Trees ; Transpiration ; Groundwater ; Water availability ; Soil water content ; Water use ; Water depletion ; Evapotranspiration ; Rain ; Chemicophysical properties ; Arid zones / South Africa / Kolomela Mine
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H049326)
(2.17 MB)
The major route through which water from the earth’s surface re-enters the hydrologic cycle in forested ecosystems is via tree transpiration (T). It is therefore important to have detailed understanding of the quantity and source of water transpired by different tree species. The aims of this study were to i) assess the trends of T for selected tree species (camel thorn, sweet thorn, shepherd’s tree and buffalo thorn) across a range of soil water content conditions and ii) partition the total T of the selected tree species growing in arid environments dominated by open cast mining activities into soil water and groundwater. Tree T was measured using the compensation heat pulse velocity (CHPV) method, while soil water content was monitored using DFM capacitance probes. The soil water content within the upper 50 cm soil profile ranged from 11 mm during the dry season to 20 mm during the wet season. The deeper soil layer (50–120 cm) was generally wetter compared to the top layer with water content was up to >30 mm during the wet season. The measured tree T ranged from 0.2 mm day-1 on buffalo thorn during the dry season to 1.9 mm day-1 on sheperd’s tree in summer. It was also revealed that T of large (diameter at breast height =46 cm) camel thorn trees is not responsive to seasonal variations of soil water availability and remained constant at approximately 1.2 mm day-1. Diurnal patterns of T did not effect changes on the soil water depletions within the top 120 cm soil profile, which indicated that the trees sourced water beyond this zone. Signs of daytime redistribution were observed within the canopy areas of the investigated trees during very limited soil water conditions of the dry season. It was concluded that the water use of trees is inclined to the seasonal variations, which however is not the case in old trees. Close to 100% of the water transpired by trees in the study area is sourced below 1.2 m (vadose zone and water table). We recommended investigation of daytime redistribution among the indigenous tree species of the study area. We also recommended extension of tree water use studies to other species for comprehensive catchment tree water use calculations to inform water budgets.
7 Hoover, D. L.; Abendroth, L. J.; Browning, D. M.; Saha, A.; Snyder, K.; Wagle, P.; Witthaus, L.; Baffaut, C.; Biederman, J. A.; Bosch, D. D.; Bracho, R.; Busch, D.; Clark, P.; Ellsworth, P.; Fay, P. A.; Flerchinger, G.; Kearney, S.; Levers, L.; Saliendra, N.; Schmer, M.; Schomberg, H.; Scott, R. L. 2023. Indicators of water use efficiency across diverse agroecosystems and spatiotemporal scales. Science of the Total Environment, 864:160992. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160992]
Agroecosystems ; Water use efficiency ; Indicators ; Biomass ; Climate change ; Agricultural production ; Environmental impact ; Ecosystems ; Vegetation ; Farmland ; Water productivity ; Rangelands ; Transpiration ; Food production
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051688)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722080950/pdfft?md5=f61fd20085042b555930315b46212634&pid=1-s2.0-S0048969722080950-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051688.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051688.pdf
(3.57 MB) (3.57 MB)
Understanding the relationship between water and production within and across agroecosystems is essential for addressing several agricultural challenges of the 21st century: providing food, fuel, and fiber to a growing human population, reducing the environmental impacts of agricultural production, and adapting food systems to climate change. Of all human activities, agriculture has the highest demand for water globally. Therefore, increasing water use efficiency (WUE), or producing ‘more crop per drop’, has been a long-term goal of agricultural management, engineering, and crop breeding. WUE is a widely used term applied across a diverse array of spatial scales, spanning from the leaf to the globe, and over temporal scales ranging from seconds to months to years. The measurement, interpretation, and complexity of WUE varies enormously across these spatial and temporal scales, challenging comparisons within and across diverse agroecosystems. The goals of this review are to evaluate common indicators of WUE in agricultural production and assess tradeoffs when applying these indicators within and across agroecosystems amidst a changing climate. We examine three questions: (1) what are the uses and limitations of common WUE indicators, (2) how can WUE indicators be applied within and across agroecosystems, and (3) how can WUE indicators help adapt agriculture to climate change? Addressing these agricultural challenges will require land managers, producers, policy makers, researchers, and consumers to evaluate costs and benefits of practices and innovations of water use in agricultural production. Clearly defining and interpreting WUE in the most scale-appropriate way is crucial for advancing agroecosystem sustainability.
Powered by DB/Text WebPublisher, from
