Your search found 14 records
1 Howard, G.. 1995. Pollution control and water-resource protection in developing countries. Waterlines, 14(1):2-4.
Water resources ; Water pollution ; Pollution control ; Monitoring ; Developing countries / Zimbabwe
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H05419)
2 Howard, G.; Simonds, A. 1995. Where there is no training: Pollution-risk assessment by field-staff. Waterlines, 14(1):8-11.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H011275)
3 Howard, G.. 1997. Water-quality monitoring and NGOs. Waterlines, 16(1):19-22.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: PER Record No: H09221)
4 Howard, G.. 2002. Healthy villages: A guide for communities and community health workers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. ix, 108p.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 613 G000 HOW Record No: H032896)
5 Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.) 2006. Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: IWA Publishing for WHO. 678p.
Drinking water ; Water quality ; Public health ; Groundwater management ; Aquifers ; Pollution control ; Aquifers ; Catchment areas ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; Pathogens ; Risks ; Hydrology ; Irrigation water ; Wastewater ; Water reuse ; Sanitation ; Industrialization ; Waste disposal ; Waste management
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040321)
6 Howard, G.; Bartram, J.; Pedley, S.; Schmoll, O.; Chorus, I.; Berger, P. 2006. Groundwater and public health. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.3-19.
Groundwater ; Drinking water ; Water quality ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Waterborne diseases ; Water supply ; Sanitation
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040322)
7 Howard, G.; Chave, P.; Bakir, P.; Hoque, B. 2006. Socioeconomic, institutional and legal aspects in groundwater assessment and protection. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.139-155.
Groundwater management ; Social aspects ; Poverty ; Economic aspects ; Legal aspects ; Social participation ; Land tenure
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040324)
8 Howard, G.; Schnoll, O. 2006. Water safety plans: Risk management approaches for the delivery of safe drinking-water from groundwater sources. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.431-463.
Drinking water ; Water supply ; Risk management ; Public health ; Health hazards ; Water quality ; Control methods ; Monitoring
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040328)
9 Chave, P.; Howard, G.; Schijven, J.; Appleyard, S.; Fladerer, F.; Schimon, W. 2006. Groundwater protection zones. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.465-492.
Groundwater management ; Pollution control ; Aquifers ; Water quality ; Land use ; Monitoring / Ireland / UK / Ghana / Denmark / Germany / Australia / Oman / Indonesia / Tunisia / USA
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040329)
10 Howard, G.; Godfrey, S.; Boonyakarnkul, T. 2006. Sanitary completion of protection works around groundwater sources. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.493-515.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040330)
11 Chave, P.; Howard, G.; Bakir, P.; Appleyard, S.; Hoque, B. 2006. Policy and legal systems to protect groundwater. In Schmoll, O.; Howard, G.; Chilton, J.; Chorus, I. (Eds.). Protecting groundwater for health: Managing the quality of drinking-warter sources. London, UK: PUB IWA Publishing for WHO. pp.537-562.
Groundwater pollution ; Groundwater management ; Water policy ; Water rights ; Pollution control ; Legal aspects ; Legislation ; International waters ; International cooperation ; Land use ; Water pollution ; Disaster preparedness
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 613.287 G000 SCH Record No: H040331)
12 Howard, G.; Nijhawan, A.; Flint, A.; Baidya, M.; Pregnolato, M.; Ghimire, A.; Poudel, M.; Lo, E.; Sharma, S.; Mengustu, B.; Ayele, D. M.; Geremew, A.; Wondim, T. 2021. The how tough is WASH framework for assessing the climate resilience of water and sanitation. npj Clean Water, 4:39. [doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00130-5]
Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Frameworks ; Climate change ; Resilience ; Water supply ; Supply chains ; Infrastructure ; Communities ; Institutions ; Decision making ; Local government ; Indicators ; Flooding ; Risk ; Catchment areas / Nepal / Ethiopia
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050682)
(0.70 MB) (716 KB)
Climate change presents a major threat to water and sanitation services. There is an urgent need to understand and improve resilience, particularly in rural communities and small towns in low- and middle-income countries that already struggle to provide universal access to services and face increasing threats from climate change. To date, there is a lack of a simple framework to assess the resilience of water and sanitation services which hinders the development of strategies to improve services. An interdisciplinary team of engineers and environmental and social scientists were brought together to investigate the development of a resilience measurement framework for use in low- and middle-income countries. Six domains of interest were identified based on a literature review, expert opinion, and limited field assessments in two countries. A scoring system using a Likert scale is proposed to assess the resilience of services and allow analysis at local and national levels to support improvements in individual supplies, identifying systematic faults, and support prioritisation for action. This is a simple, multi-dimensional framework for assessing the resilience of rural and small-town water and sanitation services in LMICs. The framework is being further tested in Nepal and Ethiopia and future results will be reported on its application.
13 Nijhawan, A.; Howard, G.. 2022. Associations between climate variables and water quality in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Water Research, 210:117996. (Online first) [doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117996]
Climate change ; Water quality ; Faecal pollution ; Contamination ; Cyanobacteria ; Saltwater intrusion ; Sea level ; Surface water ; Salinity ; Water treatment ; Drinking water ; Water supply ; Microbiological analysis ; Groundwater ; Climate variability ; Rain ; Temperature ; Modelling
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H050871)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135421011908/pdfft?md5=c6640779a907590ee48884a39d866745&pid=1-s2.0-S0043135421011908-main.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050871.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H050871.pdf
(1.13 MB) (1.13 MB)
Understanding how climate change will affect water quality and therefore, health, is critical for building resilient water services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the effect of climate change will be felt most acutely. Evidence of the effect of climate variables such as temperate and rainfall on water quality can generate insights into the likely impact of future climate change. While the seasonal effects on water quality are known, and there is strong qualitative evidence that climate change will impact water quality, there are no reviews that synthesise quantitative evidence from LMICs on links between climate variables and water quality. We mapped the available evidence on a range of climate exposures and water quality outcomes and identified 98 peer-reviewed studies. This included observational studies on the impact of temperature and rainfall events (which may cause short-term changes in contaminant concentrations), and modelling studies on the long-term impacts of sea level rise. Evidence on links between antecedent rainfall and microbiological contamination of water supplies is strong and relatively evenly distributed geographically, but largely focused on faecal indicator bacteria and on untreated shallow groundwater sources of drinking water. The literature on climate effects on geogenic contaminants was sparse. There is substantial research on the links between water temperature and cyanobacteria blooms in surface waters, although most studies were from two countries and did not examine potential effects on water treatment. Similarly, studies modelling the impact of sea level rise on groundwater salinity, mostly from south-Asia and the Middle East, did not discuss challenges for drinking water supplies. We identified key future research priorities based on this review. These include: more studies on specific pathogens (including opportunistic pathogens) in water supplies and their relationships with climate variables; more studies that assess likely relationships between climate variables and water treatment processes; studies into the relationships between climate variables and geogenic contaminants, including risks from heavy metals released as glacier retreat; and, research into the impacts of wildfires on water quality in LMICs given the current dearth of studies but recognised importance.
14 Nijhawan, A.; Howard, G.; Poudel, M.; Pregnolato, M.; Lo, Y. T. E.; Ghimire, A.; Baidya, M.; Geremew, A.; Flint, A.; Mulugeta, Y. 2022. Assessing the climate resilience of community-managed water supplies in Ethiopia and Nepal. Water, 14(8):1293. [doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081293]
Climate change ; Resilience ; Water supply ; Community management ; Adaptation ; Indicators ; Water, sanitation and hygiene ; Drinking water ; Risk ; Institutions ; Infrastructure ; Rural areas / Ethiopia / Nepal / Kersa / Haramaya / Chitwan / Kaski
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H051116)
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/8/1293/pdf?version=1650035968
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051116.pdf
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H051116.pdf
(1.25 MB) (1.25 MB)
Understanding the resilience of water supplies to climate change is becoming an urgent priority to ensure health targets are met. Addressing systemic issues and building the resilience of community-managed supplies, which serve millions of people in rural LMIC settings, will be critical to improve access to safe drinking water. The How Tough is WASH (HTIW) framework to assess resilience was applied to community-managed water supplies in Ethiopia and Nepal to assess the effectiveness of this framework in field conditions. The resilience of these water supplies was measured along six domains—the environment, infrastructure, management, institutional support, community governance and supply chains—that can affect how they respond to climate change effects. We found that the HTIW framework provided an objective measure of resilience and could be used to rank water supplies in order of priority for action. We also found that systemic issues could be identified. The tools and methods used in the framework were easy to deploy by field research teams. The water supplies studied in Ethiopia and Nepal had low to moderate resilience to climate change. Service management and institutional support were weak in both countries. The data from Ethiopia and Nepal suggests that many water supplies in rural and small-town communities are unlikely to be resilient to future climate change without increased investment and support. The use of simple frameworks such as HTIW will be important in supporting decisions around such investments by identifying priority communities and actions.
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