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1 Christiaensen, L.; Demery, L.; Paternostro, S. 2003. Macro and micro perspectives of growth and poverty in Africa. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(3):317-347.

Economic growth ; Economic policy ; Poverty ; Households ; Living standards ; Income distribution / Africa / Ethiopia / Ghana / Madagascar / Mauritania / Nageria / Uganda / Zambia / Zimbabwe

(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: P 6829 Record No: H034540)

2 Derman, B.; Prabhakaran, P. 2016. Reflections on the formulation and implementation of IWRM [Integrated Water Resources Management] in southern Africa from a gender perspective. Water Alternatives, 9(3):644-661. (Special issue: Flows and Practices: The Politics of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in southern Africa).

Integrated management ; Water resources ; Water management ; Gender ; Women's participation ; Equity ; Human rights ; Water use ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Water governance ; Conventions ; Treaties ; Institutions ; Case studies / Southern Africa / SADC countries / South Africa / Tanzania / Zimbabwe / Mozambique

(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: e-copy only Record No: H047807)

http://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol9/v9issue3/325-a9-3-14/file
https://vlibrary.iwmi.org/pdf/H047807.pdf

(0.62 MB) (636 KB)

While it is claimed that the founding principles of integrated water resources management are the Dublin Principles this does not appear to be the case for Principle No. 3, which underlines the importance of women in water provision, management and safeguarding. Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe are members of SADC and have signed the SADC Protocol on Women and other international human rights instruments. However, we do not see an incorporation of these instruments and other empowerment frameworks into water policies. We find that Principle No. 3 has been sidelined in the implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM). In examining the gender practices in these four nations of Africa, gender equality remains distant from the concerns of the water sector. We enumerate many of the commonalities among these countries in how they are marginalising women’s access to, and use of, water.