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1 Tharme, R.. 2000. An overview of environmental flow methodologies, with particular reference to South Africa. In King, J. M.; Tharme, R. E.; de Villiers, M. S. (Eds.), Environmental flow assessment for rivers: Manual for the building block methodology. Cape Town, South Africa: University of Cape Town. Zoology Department. Freshwater Research Unit. pp.15-40.
(Location: IWMI-HQ Call no: 551.483 G178 KIN Record No: H028308)
2 Dugan, P. J.; Baran, E.; Tharme, R.; Prein, M.; Ahmed, R.; Amerasinghe, P.; Bueno, P.; Brown, C.; Dey, M.; Jayasinghe, G.; Niasse, M.; Nieland, A.; Smakhtin, V.; Tinh, N.; Viswanathan, K.; Welcomme, R. 2002. The contribution of aquatic ecosystems and fisheries to food security and livelihoods: a research agenda. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 3. In CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Challenge Program on Water and Food: background papers to the full proposal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.85-113.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CGI Record No: H031289)
(1.58 MB)
3 Molden, D.; Turral, H.; Amerasinghe, F.; Sharma, B. R.; Hatibu, N.; Drechsel, P.; van Koppen, B.; Wester, F.; Tharme, R.; Raschid-Sally, L.; Samad, M.; Murray-Rust, H.; Shah, T.; Acreman, M.; Smakhtin, V.; Peden, D.; Burton, M.; Albergel, J.; Meinzen-Dick, R.; Dunkhorst, B.; Merrey, D.; Mustafa, M.; Brown, D.; Dalton, J.; Flugel, W.; Gichuki, F.; Harrington, L.; Moustafa, M.; Samarasinghe, S. A. P.; Wallender, W.; Mohammed, A. 2002. Integrating research in water, food and environment. Challenge Program on Water and Food background paper 4. In CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. Challenge Program on Water and Food: background papers to the full proposal. Colombo, Sri Lanka: CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food. pp.115-160.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: 333.91 G000 CGI Record No: H031290)
(2.41 MB)
4 Arthurton, R.; Barker, S.; Rast, W.; Huber, M.; Alder, J.; Chilton, J.; Gaddis, E.; Pietersen, K.; Zockler, C.; Al-Droubi, A.; Dyhr-Nielsen, M.; Finlayson, Max; Fortnam, M.; Kirk, E.; Heileman, S.; Rieu-Clark, A.; Schafer, M.; Snoussi, M.; Tang, L. D.; Tharme, R.; Vadas, R.; Wagner, G. 2007. Water. In UNEP Global Environment Outlook 4: Environment for Development. Nairobi, Kenya: UNEP. pp.115-156.
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI 363.7 G000 ART Record No: H040572)
(1.90 MB)
(Location: IWMI HQ Call no: IWMI Record No: H052596)
(3.01 MB)
The source of data used to estimate the e-flow requirement in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Indicator 6.4.2 (level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources) is the Global Environmental Flow Information System (GEFIS), an online tool produced and managed by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). In addition to the GEFIS estimate, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), as the custodians of the SDG indicator, encourages countries to put forward their locally determined e-flow estimates, especially if it differs from the GEFIS estimate. To date, however, only a few countries have taken up this opportunity. The aim of this report is to compare e-flows estimated by GEFIS with independent e-flow assessments performed at the local level to gauge the level of agreement between the two sets of estimates. We compared e-flow estimates from GEFIS to local e-flow estimates at 533 river sites.
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